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Biomolecules
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Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Volume II
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Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Volume II

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8111

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Huseyin Sumer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Interests: cell biology and biochemistry; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from mesenchyme, which develops from the mesoderm. MSCs are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into skeletal and connective tissues such as bone, fat, cartilage and muscle. The main roles of resident MSCs in adults are self-repair and the maintenance of cellular tissue homeostasis. MSCs are considered to be ideal candidates for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering, and interest in their biological roles and clinical potential has dramatically increased over the previous few decades. MSCs can be effective in the modulation of immune responses, anti-inflammatory affect, tissue repair and regeneration in many therapeutic applications, both in vitro and in vivo.

This Special Issue will provide evidence-based analyses and overviews of recent advances in MSCs and nanotechnology. This Issue invites original research articles and reviews that cover MSCs secretomes/exosomes or EVs and their impact, biomolecules and markers of MSCs, the cultivation and differentiation of MSCs and nanotechnology or biomaterials, signalling pathways, and functional genomics.

Dr. Huseyin Sumer
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • MSCs secretome
  • exosomes or EVs
  • functional genomics
  • nanotechnology
  • biomolecules

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6962 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Small Extracellular Vesicles in Alleviating Arthritic Progression by Restoring Macrophage Balance
by Bin Zhang, Ruenn Chai Lai, Wei Kian Sim and Sai Kiang Lim
Biomolecules 2023, 13(10), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13101501 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1631
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, often associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 macrophages. Elevated levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages have been linked to a therapeutic response in RA. We have previously demonstrated that mesenchymal [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, often associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 macrophages. Elevated levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages have been linked to a therapeutic response in RA. We have previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) promote M2 polarization and hypothesized that MSC-sEVs could alleviate RA severity with a concomitant increase in M2 polarization. Here, we treated a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with MSC-sEVs. Relative to vehicle-treated CIA mice, both low (1 μg) and high (10 μg) doses of MSC-sEVs were similarly efficacious but not as efficacious as Prednisolone, the positive control. MSC-sEV treatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in disease progression rate and disease severity as measured by arthritic index (AI), anti-CII antibodies, IL-6, and C5b-9 plasma levels. There were no statistically significant differences in the treatment outcome between low (1 μg) and high (10 μg) doses of MSC-sEVs. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that concomitant with the therapeutic efficacy, MSC-sEV treatment increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and decreased pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in the synovium. Consistent with increased M2 macrophages, histopathological examination also revealed reduced inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage damage, bone resorption, and periosteal new bone formation in the MSC-sEV-treated group compared to the vehicle group. These findings suggest that MSC-sEVs are potential biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that can help slow or halt RA joint damage and preserve joint function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Volume II)
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Review

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29 pages, 3136 KiB  
Review
Fluorescence-Based Mono- and Multimodal Imaging for In Vivo Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Wan Su Yun, Hanhee Cho, Seong Ik Jeon, Dong-Kwon Lim and Kwangmeyung Kim
Biomolecules 2023, 13(12), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13121787 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2649
Abstract
The advancement of stem cell therapy has offered transformative therapeutic outcomes for a wide array of diseases over the past decades. Consequently, stem cell tracking has become significant in revealing the mechanisms of action and ensuring safe and effective treatments. Fluorescence stands out [...] Read more.
The advancement of stem cell therapy has offered transformative therapeutic outcomes for a wide array of diseases over the past decades. Consequently, stem cell tracking has become significant in revealing the mechanisms of action and ensuring safe and effective treatments. Fluorescence stands out as a promising choice for stem cell tracking due to its myriad advantages, including high resolution, real-time monitoring, and multi-fluorescence detection. Furthermore, combining fluorescence with other tracking modalities—such as bioluminescence imaging (BLI), positron emission tomography (PET), photoacoustic (PA), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR)—can address the limitations of single fluorescence detection. This review initially introduces stem cell tracking using fluorescence imaging, detailing various labeling strategies such as green fluorescence protein (GFP) tagging, fluorescence dye labeling, and nanoparticle uptake. Subsequently, we present several combinations of strategies for efficient and precise detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Volume II)
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29 pages, 3395 KiB  
Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomolecules for Neurodegenerative Disabilities
by Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohamed A. Morsy, Khalid M. Alkhodair and Sameer Alhojaily
Biomolecules 2023, 13(8), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13081250 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3385
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of versatile adult stem cells present in various organs. These cells give rise to extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a diverse array of biologically active elements, making them a promising approach for therapeutics and diagnostics. This article [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of versatile adult stem cells present in various organs. These cells give rise to extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a diverse array of biologically active elements, making them a promising approach for therapeutics and diagnostics. This article examines the potential therapeutic applications of MSC-derived EVs in addressing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Furthermore, the present state-of-the-art for MSC-EV-based therapy in AD, HD, PD, ALS, and MS is discussed. Significant progress has been made in understanding the etiology and potential treatments for a range of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) over the last few decades. The contents of EVs are carried across cells for intercellular contact, which often results in the control of the recipient cell’s homeostasis. Since EVs represent the therapeutically beneficial cargo of parent cells and are devoid of many ethical problems connected with cell-based treatments, they offer a viable cell-free therapy alternative for tissue regeneration and repair. Developing innovative EV-dependent medicines has proven difficult due to the lack of standardized procedures in EV extraction processes as well as their pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of action. However, recent biotechnology and engineering research has greatly enhanced the content and applicability of MSC-EVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Volume II)
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