Selected Papers from the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biosensors (IECB 2022)

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 20130

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Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Interests: immobilization procedure of biomolecules; protein–DNA complexes; aptamer; enzymatic sensors; thick-film technology; nanodispensing technologies; micro-flow systems; carbon nanotubes; nanoparticles; nanocomposite polymers; molecular imprinted polymers; protein-polymer conjugates
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biosensors (IECB 2022) will be held from 14 to 18 February 2022 (https://sciforum.net/conference/IECB2022), verifying the great interest of the related community in this Conference Series. The e-conference will be hosted on sciforum.net, an online platform developed by MDPI for scholarly exchange and collaboration.

During the event, a large number of excellent contributions covering key areas of opportunity and challenge will be presented. More specifically, the following areas will be covered:

  • Technologies for Innovative Biosensors;
  • Implantable and Wearable Biosensors;
  • The Role of Biological and Chemical Recognition Elements;
  • Microfluidics for Biosensing and Lab-on-a-chip Systems;
  • Biosensors in POCT;
  • Bionanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Biosensing;
  • Advanced Applications for Health, Environment, Food and Cultural Heritage;
  • Biosensors in Green Chemistry/Technologies.

This Special Issue welcomes selected papers from the IECB 2022 that promote and advance this exciting and rapidly changing field.

Submitted contributions will be subjected to peer review and—upon acceptance—will be published with the aim of rapidly and widely disseminating research results, developments, and applications.

It should be noted that submitted manuscripts should have at least 50% additional, new, and unpublished material as compared to the IECB 2022 published paper.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Giovanna Marrazza
Dr. Sara Tombelli
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4231 KiB  
Article
Fast and Accurate Determination of Minute Ochratoxin A Levels in Cereal Flours and Wine with the Label-Free White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy Biosensing Platform
by Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou, Georgios Koukouvinos, Grigoris Zisis, Dimosthenis Kizis, Evangelia Krystalli, George Siragakis, Dimitris Goustouridis, Sotirios Kakabakos, Panagiota Petrou, Evangelia Livaniou and Ioannis Raptis
Biosensors 2022, 12(10), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12100877 - 15 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1976
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most toxic naturally encountered contaminants and is found in a variety of foods and beverages, including cereals and wine. Driven by the strict regulations regarding the maximum allowable OTA concentration in foodstuff and the necessity for [...] Read more.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most toxic naturally encountered contaminants and is found in a variety of foods and beverages, including cereals and wine. Driven by the strict regulations regarding the maximum allowable OTA concentration in foodstuff and the necessity for on-site determination, the development of fast and sensitive methods for the OTA determination in cereal flours and wine samples, based on white light reflectance spectroscopy, is presented. The method relied on appropriately engineered silicon chips, on top of which an OTA-protein conjugate was immobilized. A polyclonal antibody against OTA was then employed to detect the analyte in the framework of a competitive immunoassay; followed by the subsequent addition of a biotinylated secondary antibody and streptavidin for signal enhancement. A small size instrument performed all assay steps automatically and the bioreactions were monitored in real time as the software converted the spectral shifts into effective biomolecular adlayer thickness increase. The assay developed had a detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL and a working range up to 200 ng/mL. The assay lasted 25 min (less than 1h, including calibrators/antibody pre-incubation) and was accomplished following a simple sample preparation protocol. The method was applied to corn and wheat flour samples and white and red wines with recovery values ranging from 87.2 to 111%. The simplicity of the overall assay protocol and convenient instrumentation demonstrates the potential of the immunosensor developed for OTA detection at the point of need. Full article
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15 pages, 5192 KiB  
Article
An Optical Fiber Sensor for Uranium Detection in Water
by Giancarla Alberti, Maria Pesavento, Letizia De Maria, Nunzio Cennamo, Luigi Zeni and Daniele Merli
Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080635 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2078
Abstract
An optical sensor for uranyl has been prepared based on a gold-plated D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) combined with a receptor consisting of a bifunctional synthetic molecule, 11-mercaptoundecylphosphonic acid (MUPA), with a phosphonic group for complexing the considered ion, and a sulfide moiety [...] Read more.
An optical sensor for uranyl has been prepared based on a gold-plated D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) combined with a receptor consisting of a bifunctional synthetic molecule, 11-mercaptoundecylphosphonic acid (MUPA), with a phosphonic group for complexing the considered ion, and a sulfide moiety through which the molecule is fixed at the gold resonant surface as a molecular layer in an easy and reproducible way. The sensor is characterized by evaluating the response in function of the uranyl concentration in aqueous solutions of different compositions and real-life samples, such as tap water and seawater. The mechanism of the uranyl/MUPA interaction was investigated. Two different kinds of interactions of uranyl with the MUPA layer on gold from water are observed: a strong one and a weak one. In the presence of competing metal ions as Ca2+ and Mg2+, only the strong interaction takes place, with a high affinity constant (around 107 M−1), while a somewhat lower constant (i.e., around 106 M−1) is obtained in the presence of Mg2+ which forms stronger complexes with MUPA than Ca2+. Due to the high affinity and the good selectivity of the recognition element MUPA, a detection limit of a few μg L−1 is reached directly in natural water samples without any time-consuming sample pretreatment, making it possible for rapid, in situ controls of uranyl by the proposed sensor. Full article
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15 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drinking Water and Milk with Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Monolithically Integrated on Silicon Chips
by Michailia Angelopoulou, Panagiota Petrou, Konstantinos Misiakos, Ioannis Raptis and Sotirios Kakabakos
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070507 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2662
Abstract
The consumption of water and milk contaminated with bacteria can lead to foodborne disease outbreaks. For this reason, the development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods for bacteria detection is of primary importance for public health protection. Here, a miniaturized immunosensor based on [...] Read more.
The consumption of water and milk contaminated with bacteria can lead to foodborne disease outbreaks. For this reason, the development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods for bacteria detection is of primary importance for public health protection. Here, a miniaturized immunosensor based on broadband Mach–Zehnder Interferometry for the simultaneous determination of S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water and milk is presented. For the assay, mixtures of bacteria solutions with anti-bacteria-specific antibodies were run over the chip, followed by solutions of biotinylated anti-species-specific antibody and streptavidin. The assay was fast (10 min for water, 15 min for milk), accurate, sensitive (LOD: 40 cfu/mL for S. typhimurium; 110 cfu/mL for E. coli) and reproducible. The analytical characteristics achieved combined with the small chip size make the proposed biosensor suitable for on-site bacteria determination in drinking water and milk samples. Full article
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13 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
A Biosensor Platform for Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 Screening
by Antonios Georgas, Konstantinos Agiannis, Vasiliki Papakosta, Panagiotis Priftis, Spyridon Angelopoulos, Angelo Ferraro and Evangelos Hristoforou
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070487 - 3 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a constant threat to human health, the economy, and social relations. Scientists around the world are constantly looking for new technological tools to deal with the pandemic. Such tools are the rapid virus detection tests, which are constantly evolving [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a constant threat to human health, the economy, and social relations. Scientists around the world are constantly looking for new technological tools to deal with the pandemic. Such tools are the rapid virus detection tests, which are constantly evolving and optimizing. This paper presents a biosensor platform for the rapid detection of spike protein both in laboratory conditions and in swab samples from hospitalized patients. It is a continuation and improvement of our previous work and consists of a microcontroller-based readout circuit, which measures the capacitance change generated in an interdigitated electrode transducer by the presence either of sole spike protein or the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in swab samples. The circuit efficiency is calibrated by its correlation with the capacitance measurement of an LCR (inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R)) meter. The test result is made available in less than 2 min through the microcontroller’s LCD (liquid-crystal display) screen, whereas at the same time, the collected data are sent wirelessly to a mobile application interface. The novelty of this research lies in the potential it offers for continuous and effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 patients, which is facilitated and enhanced, providing big data statistics of COVID-19 in terms of space and time. This device can be used by individuals for SARS-CoV-2 testing at home, by health professionals for patient monitoring, and by public health agencies for monitoring the spatio-temporal spread of the virus. Full article
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18 pages, 6908 KiB  
Article
Highly Porous 3D Gold Enhances Sensitivity of Amperometric Biosensors Based on Oxidases and CuCe Nanoparticles
by Nataliya Stasyuk, Olha Demkiv, Galina Gayda, Andriy Zakalskiy, Halyna Klepach, Nina Bisko, Mykhailo Gonchar and Marina Nisnevitch
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070472 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles potentially have wide practical applications in various fields of science and industry. In biosensorics, they usually act as catalysts or nanozymes (NZs) and as mediators of electron transfer. We describe here the development of amperometric biosensors (ABSs) based on purified oxidases, [...] Read more.
Metallic nanoparticles potentially have wide practical applications in various fields of science and industry. In biosensorics, they usually act as catalysts or nanozymes (NZs) and as mediators of electron transfer. We describe here the development of amperometric biosensors (ABSs) based on purified oxidases, synthesized nanoparticles of CuCe (nCuCe), and micro/nanoporous gold (pAu), which were electro-deposited on a graphite electrode (GE). As an effective peroxidase (PO)-like NZ, nCuCe was used here as a hydrogen-peroxide-sensing platform in ABSs that were based on glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, methylamine oxidase, and L-arginine oxidase. At the same time, nCuCe is an electroactive mediator and has been used in laccase-based ABSs. As a result, the ABSs we constructed and characterized were based on glucose, methanol, methyl amine, L-arginine, and catechol, respectively. The developed nCuCe-based ABSs exhibited improved analytical characteristics in comparison with the corresponding PO-based ABSs. Additionally, the presence of pAu, with its extremely advanced chemo-sensing surface layer, was shown to significantly increase the sensitivities of all constructed ABSs. As an example, the bioelectrodes containing laccase/GE, laccase/nCuCe/GE, and laccase/nCuCe/pAu/GE exhibited sensitivities to catechol at 2300, 5055, and 9280 A·M−1·m−2, respectively. We demonstrate here that pAu is an effective carrier of electroactive nanomaterials coupled with oxidases, which may be promising in biosensors. Full article
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21 pages, 12571 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Sensing of pH in Tomato Plants Using a Low-Cost and Open-Source Device for Precision Agriculture
by Antonio Ruiz-Gonzalez, Harriet Kempson and Jim Haseloff
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070447 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4194
Abstract
The development of sensing devices for precision agriculture is crucial to boost crop yields and limit shortages in food productions due to the growing population. However, current approaches cannot provide direct information about the physiological status of the plants, reducing sensing accuracy. The [...] Read more.
The development of sensing devices for precision agriculture is crucial to boost crop yields and limit shortages in food productions due to the growing population. However, current approaches cannot provide direct information about the physiological status of the plants, reducing sensing accuracy. The development of implanted devices for plant monitoring represents a step forward in this field, enabling the direct assessment of key biomarkers in plants. However, available devices are expensive and cannot be used for long-term applications. The current work presents the application of ruthenium oxide-based nanofilms for the in vivo monitoring of pH in plants. The sensors were manufactured using the low-cost electrodeposition of RuO2 films, and the final device could be successfully incorporated for the monitoring of xylem sap pH for at least 10 h. RuO2 nanoparticles were chosen as the sensing material due to its biocompatibility and chemical stability. To reduce the noise rates and drift of the sensors, a protective layer consisting of a cellulose/PDMS hybrid material was deposited by an aerosol method (>GBP 50), involving off-the-shelf devices, leading to a good control of film thickness. Nanometrically thin films with a thickness of 80 nm and roughness below 3 nm were fabricated. This film led to a seven-fold decrease in drift while preserving the selectivity of the sensors towards H+ ions. The sensing devices were tested in vivo by implantation inside a tomato plant. Environmental parameters such as humidity and temperature were additionally monitored using a low-cost Wio Terminal device, and the data were sent wirelessly to an online server. The interactions between plant tissues and metal oxide-based sensors were finally studied, evidencing the formation of a lignified layer between the sensing film and xylem. Thus, this work reports for the first time a low-cost electrochemical sensor that can be used for the continuous monitoring of pH in xylem sap. This device can be easily modified to improve the long-term performance when implanted inside plant tissues, representing a step forward in the development of precision agriculture technologies. Full article
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Review

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26 pages, 1168 KiB  
Review
Bulk and Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensors for Milk Analysis
by Kerstin Länge
Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080602 - 5 Aug 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3030
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are common foods and, therefore, are subject to regular controls. Such controls cover both the identification and quantification of specific components and the determination of physical parameters. Components include the usual milk ingredients, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, and [...] Read more.
Milk and dairy products are common foods and, therefore, are subject to regular controls. Such controls cover both the identification and quantification of specific components and the determination of physical parameters. Components include the usual milk ingredients, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, and any impurities that may be present. The latter range from small molecules, such as drug residues, to large molecules, e.g., protein-based toxins, to pathogenic microorganisms. Physical parameters of interest include viscosity as an indicator of milk gelation. Bulk and surface acoustic wave sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, can principally be used for both types of analysis, with the actual application mainly depending on the device coating and the test format. This review summarizes the achievements of acoustic sensor devices used for milk analysis applications, including the determination of physical liquid parameters and the detection of low- and high-molecular-weight analytes and microorganisms. It is shown how the various requirements resulting from the respective analytes and the complex sample matrix are addressed, and to what extent the analytical demands, e.g., with regard to legal limits, are met. Full article
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