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Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease...
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Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 37535

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Najmeh Karimian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
Interests: molecularly imprinted polymers; chemo/biosensors; electrochemical analysis; nanoelectrodes; electropolymerization; nanostructured materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Federico Polo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
Interests: molecular electrochemistry; electro/chemical sensing and biosensing technologies; electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) studies and applications in (bio-)sensing; light-emitting devices and imaging; surface chemistry and synthesis, characterization and application of self-assembled systems (SAMs); metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles and metal complexes for (bio-)sensing; catalysis
Prof. Dr. Paolo Ugo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
Interests: molecular electrochemistry; electrochemosensors and biosensors; environmental electroanalysis; nanoelectrodes and bio-nanoelectrochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has dramatically highlighted the urgent need for rapid and reliable analytical devices and methods that are capable of carrying out a large number of quantitative analyses, not only in centralized laboratories and core facilities but also on site, at the patients’ bed-side, or at the medical doctor's practice in view of the point-of-care testing (PoCT). Especially for the case of immunological tests, this recent experience has revealed a relevant gap between the classical ELISA (which provides quantitative and reliable responses, although it must be performed in a centralized laboratory by qualified personnel) and strip lateral flow tests (which are suitable for decentralized use, although they provide only qualitative information that is often lacking the required sensitivity and specificity). New analytical devices are therefore highly sought which will fill this gap, combining the capability to provide quantitative analytical responses with fast and user-friendly applicability.

The advantages typical of electrochemical and optical biosensors (low cost and easy transduction) can nowadays be complemented in terms of improved sensitivity by combining electrochemistry (EC) with optical techniques such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), EC/surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and EC/surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

The present Special Issue is devoted to exploring new approaches, solutions, and applications in electrochemical, optical and opto-electrochemical biosensors suitable for the quantitative detection of disease markers with focus on frontiers and challenges in immunochemical or genetic analysis and virus detection.

We seek original research papers or critical reviews that address topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Point-of-care biosensing;
  • Electrochemical and opto-electrochemical immunosensors;
  • Electrochemical and opto-electrochemical genosensors;
  • Diagnostics and biosensing with aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers;
  • Decentralized quantitative analysis of disease markers;
  • Electrochemical detection of viruses.

Dr. Najmeh Karimian
Dr. Federico Polo
Prof. Dr. Paolo Ugo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • decentralized diagnostics
  • disease marker
  • virus detection
  • advanced biosensing platforms
  • electrochemical biosensor
  • optical biosensors
  • electrochemiluminescence
  • electrochemical SERS
  • electrochemical SPR
  • healthcare

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 195 KiB  
Editorial
Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses
by Najmeh Karimian, Federico Polo and Paolo Ugo
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050296 - 4 May 2022
Viewed by 2039
Abstract
Instrumental laboratory methods for biochemical and chemical analyses have reached a high level of reliability with excellent sensitivity and specificity [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

20 pages, 5416 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition
by Neda Rafat, Paul Satoh and Robert Mark Worden
Biosensors 2021, 11(11), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11110459 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2954
Abstract
A novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework was applied to an inhibition-based bi-enzyme (IBE) electrochemical biosensor to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that may trigger neurological diseases. The biosensor was fabricated by co-immobilizing AChE and tyrosinase (Tyr) on the gold working electrode of a [...] Read more.
A novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework was applied to an inhibition-based bi-enzyme (IBE) electrochemical biosensor to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that may trigger neurological diseases. The biosensor was fabricated by co-immobilizing AChE and tyrosinase (Tyr) on the gold working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array. The reaction chemistry included a redox-recycle amplification mechanism to improve the biosensor’s current output and sensitivity. A mechanistic mathematical model of the biosensor was used to simulate key diffusion and reaction steps, including diffusion of AChE’s reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor, the reaction kinetics of the two enzymes, and electrochemical reaction kinetics at the SPE’s working electrode. The model was validated by showing that it could reproduce a steady-state biosensor current as a function of the inhibitor (PMSF) concentration and unsteady-state dynamics of the biosensor current following the addition of a reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride). The model’s utility for characterizing and optimizing biosensor performance was then demonstrated. It was used to calculate the sensitivity of the biosensor’s current output and the redox-recycle amplification factor as a function of experimental variables. It was used to calculate dimensionless Damkohler numbers and current-control coefficients that indicated the degree to which individual diffusion and reaction steps limited the biosensor’s output current. Finally, the model’s utility in designing IBE biosensors and operating conditions that achieve specific performance criteria was discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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19 pages, 2740 KiB  
Article
Impedimetric and Plasmonic Sensing of Collagen I Using a Half-Antibody-Supported, Au-Modified, Self-Assembled Monolayer System
by Marcin Gwiazda, Sheetal K. Bhardwaj, Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska, Wojciech Swieszkowski, Unni Sivasankaran and Ajeet Kaushik
Biosensors 2021, 11(7), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11070227 - 8 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4290
Abstract
This research presents an electrochemical immunosensor for collagen I detection using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and covalently immobilized half-reduced monoclonal antibody as a receptor; this allowed for the validation of the collagen I concentration through two different independent methods: [...] Read more.
This research presents an electrochemical immunosensor for collagen I detection using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and covalently immobilized half-reduced monoclonal antibody as a receptor; this allowed for the validation of the collagen I concentration through two different independent methods: electrochemically by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and optically by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The high unique advantage of the proposed sensor is based on the performance of the stable covalent immobilization of the AuNPs and enzymatically reduced half-IgG collagen I antibodies, which ensured their appropriate orientation onto the sensor’s surface, good stability, and sensitivity properties. The detection of collagen type I was performed in a concentration range from 1 to 5 pg/mL. Moreover, SPR was utilized to confirm the immobilization of the monoclonal half-antibodies and sensing of collagen I versus time. Furthermore, EIS experiments revealed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.38 pg/mL. The selectivity of the performed immunosensor was confirmed by negligible responses for BSA. The performed approach of the immunosensor is a novel, innovative attempt that enables the detection of collagen I with very high sensitivity in the range of pg/mL, which is significantly lower than the commonly used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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13 pages, 1800 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Immunosensing of ST2: A Checkpoint Target in Cancer Diseases
by Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez, Cristina Muñoz-San Martín, Maria Gamella, María Pedrero, Neus Martínez-Bosch, Pilar Navarro, Pablo García de Frutos, José M. Pingarrón and Susana Campuzano
Biosensors 2021, 11(6), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060202 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3723
Abstract
A magnetic beads (MB)-involved amperometric immunosensor for the determination of ST2, a member of the IL1 receptor family, is reported in this work. The method utilizes a sandwich immunoassay and disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Magnetic immunoconjugates built on the surface of carboxylic [...] Read more.
A magnetic beads (MB)-involved amperometric immunosensor for the determination of ST2, a member of the IL1 receptor family, is reported in this work. The method utilizes a sandwich immunoassay and disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Magnetic immunoconjugates built on the surface of carboxylic acid-microsized magnetic particles (HOOC-MBs) were used to selectively capture ST2. A biotinylated secondary antibody further conjugated with a streptavidin peroxidase conjugate (Strep-HRP) was used to accomplish the sandwiching of the target protein. The immune platform exhibits great selectivity and a low limit of detection (39.6 pg mL−1) for ST2, allowing the determination of soluble ST2 (sST2) in plasma samples from healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in only 45 min once the immunoconjugates have been prepared. The good correlation of the obtained results with those provided by an ELISA kit performed using the same immunoreagents demonstrates the potential of the developed strategy for early diagnosis and/or prognosis of the fatal PDAC disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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14 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Drug-Based Gold Nanoparticles Overgrowth for Enhanced SPR Biosensing of Doxycycline
by Syed Akif Raza Kazmi, Muhammad Zahid Qureshi and Jean-Francois Masson
Biosensors 2020, 10(11), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10110184 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3639
Abstract
In clinical chemistry, frequent monitoring of drug levels in patients has gained considerable importance because of the benefits of drug monitoring on human health, such as the avoidance of high risk of over dosage or increased therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we demonstrate [...] Read more.
In clinical chemistry, frequent monitoring of drug levels in patients has gained considerable importance because of the benefits of drug monitoring on human health, such as the avoidance of high risk of over dosage or increased therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we demonstrate that the drug doxycycline can act as an Au nanoparticle (doxy-AuNP) growth and capping agent to enhance the response of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for this drug. SPR analysis revealed the high sensitivity of doxy-AuNPs towards the detection of free doxycycline. More specifically, doxy-AuNPs bound with protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) immobilized on the SPR sensing surface yield the response in SPR, which was enhanced following the addition of free doxy (analyte) to the solution of doxy-AuNPs. This biosensor allowed for doxycycline detection at concentrations as low as 7 pM. The study also examined the role of colloidal stability and growth of doxy-AuNPs in relation to the response-enhancement strategy based on doxy-AuNPs. Thus, the doxy-AuNPs-based SPR biosensor is an excellent platform for the detection of doxycycline and demonstrates a new biosensing scheme where the analyte can provide enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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Review

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17 pages, 6985 KiB  
Review
State of the Art on the SARS-CoV-2 Toolkit for Antigen Detection: One Year Later
by Laura Fabiani, Veronica Caratelli, Luca Fiore, Viviana Scognamiglio, Amina Antonacci, Silvia Fillo, Riccardo De Santis, Anella Monte, Manfredo Bortone, Danila Moscone, Florigio Lista and Fabiana Arduini
Biosensors 2021, 11(9), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11090310 - 31 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3618
Abstract
The recent global events of COVID-19 in 2020 have alerted the world to the risk of viruses and their impacts on human health, including their impacts in the social and economic sectors. Rapid tests are urgently required to enable antigen detection and thus [...] Read more.
The recent global events of COVID-19 in 2020 have alerted the world to the risk of viruses and their impacts on human health, including their impacts in the social and economic sectors. Rapid tests are urgently required to enable antigen detection and thus to facilitate rapid and simple evaluations of contagious individuals, with the overriding goal to delimitate spread of the virus among the population. Many efforts have been achieved in recent months through the realization of novel diagnostic tools for rapid, affordable, and accurate analysis, thereby enabling prompt responses to the pandemic infection. This review reports the latest results on electrochemical and optical biosensors realized for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, thus providing an overview of the available diagnostics tested and marketed for SARS-CoV-2 antigens as well as their pros and cons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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20 pages, 3712 KiB  
Review
The Role of Peptides in the Design of Electrochemical Biosensors for Clinical Diagnostics
by Patrick Severin Sfragano, Giulia Moro, Federico Polo and Ilaria Palchetti
Biosensors 2021, 11(8), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11080246 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 62 | Viewed by 7161
Abstract
Peptides represent a promising class of biorecognition elements that can be coupled to electrochemical transducers. The benefits lie mainly in their stability and selectivity toward a target analyte. Furthermore, they can be synthesized rather easily and modified with specific functional groups, thus making [...] Read more.
Peptides represent a promising class of biorecognition elements that can be coupled to electrochemical transducers. The benefits lie mainly in their stability and selectivity toward a target analyte. Furthermore, they can be synthesized rather easily and modified with specific functional groups, thus making them suitable for the development of novel architectures for biosensing platforms, as well as alternative labelling tools. Peptides have also been proposed as antibiofouling agents. Indeed, biofouling caused by the accumulation of biomolecules on electrode surfaces is one of the major issues and challenges to be addressed in the practical application of electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we summarise trends from the last three years in the design and development of electrochemical biosensors using synthetic peptides. The different roles of peptides in the design of electrochemical biosensors are described. The main procedures of selection and synthesis are discussed. Selected applications in clinical diagnostics are also described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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46 pages, 6481 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of MicroRNA as a Cancer Biomarker: Pros and Cons
by Maliana El Aamri, Ghita Yammouri, Hasna Mohammadi, Aziz Amine and Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
Biosensors 2020, 10(11), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10110186 - 20 Nov 2020
Cited by 86 | Viewed by 8777
Abstract
Cancer is the second most fatal disease in the world and an early diagnosis is important for a successful treatment. Thus, it is necessary to develop fast, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools for cancer biomarker detection. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an RNA cancer [...] Read more.
Cancer is the second most fatal disease in the world and an early diagnosis is important for a successful treatment. Thus, it is necessary to develop fast, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools for cancer biomarker detection. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an RNA cancer biomarker where the expression level in body fluid is strongly correlated to cancer. Various biosensors involving the detection of miRNA for cancer diagnosis were developed. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in electrochemical biosensor for miRNA cancer marker detection from 2015 to 2020. The review focuses on the approaches to direct miRNA detection based on the electrochemical signal. It includes a RedOx-labeled probe with different designs, RedOx DNA-intercalating agents, various kinds of RedOx catalysts used to produce a signal response, and finally a free RedOx indicator. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks of these approaches are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical and Opto-Electrochemical Biosensors for Quantitative Analysis of Disease Markers and Viruses)
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