Adult Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2019) | Viewed by 8606

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
Interests: epilepsy; hippocampus; neurogenesis; memory formation; fear

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem and progenitor cells. It was once believed that this process was restricted to a limited period during development. However, the discovery that new neurons are continuously added into discrete brain regions throughout life showcases the exquisite capability for plasticity as well as regenerative capacity of the mature brain.

There has been increasing interest directed towards understanding the role that neurogenesis plays in aging as well as in the development of pathological conditions, such as stroke, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, and  neuropsychiatric diseases. Whether the changes in neurogenesis that occurs represent adaptive responses, or contribute some how in the pathophysiology of these conditions still remains unclear.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances exploring the link between failing neurogenesis and the development of various neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Discussion will also be given to the potential therapeutic application of neural stem cells and adult neurogenesis strategies for the treatment of brain disorders. Both original research articles and reviews are welcomed.

Dr. Neil M. Fournier
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hippocampus
  • subventricular zone
  • brain disorders
  • development
  • epilepsy
  • stress
  • aging
  • depression
  • stem cell biology
  • neuroplasticity
  • regeneration

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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15 pages, 256 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Ethologically Relevant Stressors on Adult Mammalian Neurogenesis
by Claudia Jorgensen, James Taylor and Tyler Barton
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(7), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9070158 - 4 Jul 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4289
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis—the formation and functional integration of adult-generated neurons—remains a hot neuroscience topic. Decades of research have identified numerous endogenous (such as neurotransmitters and hormones) and exogenous (such as environmental enrichment and exercise) factors that regulate the various neurogenic stages. Stress, an exogenous [...] Read more.
Adult neurogenesis—the formation and functional integration of adult-generated neurons—remains a hot neuroscience topic. Decades of research have identified numerous endogenous (such as neurotransmitters and hormones) and exogenous (such as environmental enrichment and exercise) factors that regulate the various neurogenic stages. Stress, an exogenous factor, has received a lot of attention. Despite the large number of reviews discussing the impact of stress on adult neurogenesis, no systematic review on ethologically relevant stressors exists to date. The current review details the effects of conspecifically-induced psychosocial stress (specifically looking at the lack or disruption of social interactions and confrontation) as well as non-conspecifically-induced stress on mammalian adult neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms, as well as the possible functional role of the altered neurogenesis level, are also discussed. The reviewed data suggest that ethologically relevant stressors reduce adult neurogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adult Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders)

Other

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4 pages, 598 KiB  
Case Report
Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Therapy for a Stroke Patient—Cure without Side Effects
by Jaroslav Michalek, Alena Vrablikova, Karl Georg Heinrich and Zuzana Dudasova
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9030055 - 6 Mar 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3934
Abstract
A 48-year-old male, who suffered from a stroke resulting in cerebellum damage and occlusion of the left vertebral artery, underwent stromal vascular fraction therapy. The clinical status of the patient was monitored by a modified Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale before therapy [...] Read more.
A 48-year-old male, who suffered from a stroke resulting in cerebellum damage and occlusion of the left vertebral artery, underwent stromal vascular fraction therapy. The clinical status of the patient was monitored by a modified Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale before therapy and at 3, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 32 months after therapy. Three months after therapy, the patient felt a reduction in pain, vertigo, and fatigue. After 9 months, he was able to walk safely on his own. After 24 months, he was able to ride a bicycle. After 32 months, he felt completely healthy without any limitations or handicaps. Therefore, intravenous application of stromal vascular fraction cells represents a promising strategy for the treatment of patients after a stroke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adult Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders)
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