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Buildings
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Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications
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Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 4582

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nikolai Vatin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Civil Engineering, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: structural engineering; cold formed steel structures; concrete structures; building physics; mechanics of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gunasekaran Murali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 95251 St. Petersburg, Russia
Interests: building materials; building construction; building structures; building mechanical systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lei Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
Interests: concrete durability and crack resistance; resource utilization of bulk solid waste; research on advanced cement-based materials and repair materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For decades, concrete has been the most frequently used building material globally and has a critical role in the construction of modern infrastructures that can endure the test of time. Various innovative concrete technologies have been developed, investigated, and deployed at a structural scale in response to the growing need for improved performance, durability, sustainability, and smart infrastructures.

Engineers have developed high-performance and smart concrete materials with improved mechanical and functional performance, such as in terms of having ultra-high compressive strength, high tensile strength and ductility, high durability, and self-consolidating, self-healing, self-sensing, and/or self-cleaning capacities in addition to geopolymer and recycled aggregate concrete. Furthermore, application of recently invented preplaced aggregate concrete, slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete, and functionally graded fibrous concrete, as well as various relevant studies on these, are actively underway. Research on the application of these structures at structural and infrastructural scales and their performance has been carried out to fully demonstrate the benefits of these advanced concrete technologies.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of advanced concrete technologies and their structural usage in civil engineering applications. For this Special Issue, we encourage comprehensive review articles and innovative experimental research contributions to cover the following topics:

  • Development of novel concrete materials with high mechanical performance or special functionality
  • Ultra-high-performance concrete
  • Functionally graded concrete
  • Preplaced aggregate concrete
  • High-strength strain-hardening cementitious composites
  • Geopolymer concrete
  • Self-compacting concrete
  • Lightweight aggregate mortar/concrete
  • Foamed concrete
  • Pervious concrete
  • Blast and abrasion resistance
  • Drop weight and projectile impact resistance
  • Dynamic properties
  • Fracture behavior
  • Fatigue
  • Mechanical properties
  • Durability
  • Fiber-reinforced concrete
  • Fire resistance
  • Structural applications
  • Mechanical properties and modeling of advanced concrete materials
  • Engineering materials (concrete, steel, composite materials, etc.)
  • Structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage identification
  • Intelligent structures and materials for SHM
  • Real-world SHM applications
  • Strength design and bearing capacity of lateral-force-resistant structures
  • Marine concrete construction in terms of endurance and erosion
  • Self-healing, self-sensing, self-heating, nanofiller cementitious materials, and sustainable materials
  • Advanced numerical modeling and analysis, at a micro- and macrolevel, of concrete structural elements
  • Retrofitting and repairs of existing structures

Prof. Dr. Nikolai Vatin
Dr. Gunasekaran Murali
Dr. Lei Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 6800 KiB  
Article
Analysis of a Stress-Strain State of a Cylindrical Tank Wall Vertical Field Joint Zone
by Nurlan Zhangabay, Ulanbator Suleimenov, Akmaral Utelbayeva, Alexandr Kolesnikov, Kanat Baibolov, Kuanysh Imanaliyev, Arman Moldagaliyev, Galymzhan Karshyga, Bolat Duissenbekov, Roman Fediuk and Mugahed Amran
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1445; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091445 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2739
Abstract
In the study, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to assess the influence of the vertical mounting joint zone of the tank on the stress-strain state of the defect zone. Thus, experimental tests of models of a tank wall fragment with an [...] Read more.
In the study, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to assess the influence of the vertical mounting joint zone of the tank on the stress-strain state of the defect zone. Thus, experimental tests of models of a tank wall fragment with an imperfection of the mounting joint evaluated the stress-strain state of the mounting joint zone and established the dependence of the stress concentration in the joint zone on the deflection, the width of the zone and the thickness of the tank wall. It is shown that with a 50 mm bending boom, the annular stresses increase by 1.3 times than with a 30 mm bending boom and the meridional stresses increase by 1.16 times. The same nature of the increase is observed with the stress concentration indicator. By numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of tanks with joint imperfections in the ANSYS medium, the stress-strain state of the tank is estimated for various values of the joint bending parameters ς and ξ. The dependences of the stress concentration coefficient on the geometric dimensions of the imperfection, radius and thickness of the tank wall are also obtained. From the results of calculating the stress concentration coefficient, with an increase in the dimensionless parameters ς and ξ, the values of the stress concentration coefficient Kσ increase by 1.35 times. As a result of the calculations, an interpolation polynomial (5), approximating the stress concentration coefficient Kσ, is obtained, which can be used to estimate the strength, durability and residual resource of the tank. In addition, the obtained results can be used to normalize the limiting dimensions of the imperfection of the joint and to establish the values of the coefficient, taking into account the peculiarities of the work of structures at stress concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications)
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21 pages, 11818 KiB  
Article
Flexural Behaviour of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Internally Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh
by Pavithra Chandramouli, Dinesh Muthukrishnan, Venkatesh Sridhar, Veerappan Sathish Kumar, Gunasekaran Murali and Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1374; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091374 - 3 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2725
Abstract
Lightweight clay aggregate (LECA) is manufactured by heating clay with no lime content in the kiln; as a result, the water evaporates and angular clay balls with pore structures are obtained. LECA possess internal curing properties as any other lightweight aggregate due to [...] Read more.
Lightweight clay aggregate (LECA) is manufactured by heating clay with no lime content in the kiln; as a result, the water evaporates and angular clay balls with pore structures are obtained. LECA possess internal curing properties as any other lightweight aggregate due to their pore structure and higher water absorption capacity. In this work, experimental and analytical behaviour using LECA as a 100% replacement for coarse aggregate to make lightweight concrete (LWC) beams was studied. The LWC beams were compared to the conventional concrete beams in load-deflection, energy absorption capacity, and ductility index. Internal mesh reinforcement using welded wire mesh (WWM) of (4 layers of 15 mm square spacing, 4 layers of 10 mm square spacing, and 4 layers of 15 mm and 10 mm mesh placed alternatively) was provided to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the LWC beam without increasing the dimensions and self-weight of the beams. The beam internally reinforced with WWM exhibited higher load carrying capacity and withstood more significant deflection without sudden failure. The internal reinforcement of WWM is provided to make steel rebars, and WWM works monolithically while loading; this will reduce the stress on tension bars and increase load-carrying capacity. Finally, the generated analytical findings agreed well with the experimental data, demonstrating that the analytical model could mimic the behaviour of LWC beams with WWM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications)
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20 pages, 4417 KiB  
Article
Post-High-Temperature Exposure Repeated Impact Response of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
by Sallal R. Abid, Ahmmad A. Abbass, Gunasekaran Murali, Mohammed L. J. Al-Sarray, Islam A. Nader and Sajjad H. Ali
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091364 - 2 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
The response of plain and fibrous concrete to the scenario of fired structures exposed to repeated impacts from falling fragmented building elements and other objects is experimentally investigated in this study. The experimental program included the casting and testing of specimens with 0%, [...] Read more.
The response of plain and fibrous concrete to the scenario of fired structures exposed to repeated impacts from falling fragmented building elements and other objects is experimentally investigated in this study. The experimental program included the casting and testing of specimens with 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% hooked-end steel fibers (SFs) under the ACI 544-2R repeated-impact test. The impact test was conducted using cylindrical disk specimens, while 100 mm cubes were used to evaluate the residual compressive strength and weight loss. From each mixture, six disks and three cubes were heated to high temperatures of 200, 400, and 600 °C, while a similar set of specimens were tested without heating as a reference group. The results show that SF could significantly improve cracking impact resistance and dramatically boost failure impact numbers. The retained percentage improvements were the highest for specimens heated to 600 °C, which were approximately 250% at the cracking stage and 1680% at the failure stage for specimens with 1.0% SF. The test results also show that the repeated-impact resistance dramatically deteriorated at high temperatures, where the maximal residual cracking and failure impact numbers after exposure to 200, 400, and 600 °C were approximately 20% and 40%, 4% and 7%, and 2.2% and 4%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications)
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21 pages, 4140 KiB  
Article
Improving the Performances of a Mortar for 3D Printing by Mineral Modifiers
by Valery Lesovik, Aleksandr Tolstoy, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran, Mujahid Ali and Afonso R. G. de Azevedo
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081181 - 7 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3011
Abstract
Erection of buildings using 3D printing has great potential. However, its mass use for high-rise buildings is hampered by the lack of cement mortars with the required technical characteristics, the most important of which is high plastic strength (in the first minutes after [...] Read more.
Erection of buildings using 3D printing has great potential. However, its mass use for high-rise buildings is hampered by the lack of cement mortars with the required technical characteristics, the most important of which is high plastic strength (in the first minutes after pouring). The significance of the work (novelty) lies in the creation of a composite binder using a mineral modifier obtained by joint grinding up to 500 m2/kg of bentonite clay, chalk, and sand. A comprehensive study of the developed mortars was carried out from the standpoint of the necessary characteristics for volumetric concreting of high-rise thin-walled buildings. A composite binder for high-strength composites (compressive strength up to 70 MPa) has been obtained, which can provide effective mortars for 3D-additive high-rise construction technologies. The influence of the genetic characteristics of the modifier components on the properties of the composite binder has been established. The hydration process in this system of hardening concrete of the optimal composition proceeds more intensively due to the significantly larger specific surface of the mineral modifier components, which act as an active additive and activators of the crystallization of new growths. It has been proven that the features of mortars of high-strength fine-grained composites for 3D-additive technologies of high-rise buildings must meet special properties, such the rheotechnological index and the bearing capacity of the freshly formed layer (plastic strength or dimensional stability). Compared with a conventional mortar, the plastic strength of the developed one increases much faster (in 15 min, it is 762.2 kPa, in contrast to 133.0 kPa for the control composition). Thus, the strength remains sufficient for 3D printing of high-rise buildings and structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications)
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21 pages, 7494 KiB  
Article
Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Comprising a Copper Slag
by Chidambaram Prithiviraj, Packirisamy Swaminathan, Deivasigamani Ramesh Kumar, Gunasekaran Murali and Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin
Buildings 2022, 12(7), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070965 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2402
Abstract
Recycling trash and protecting natural resources are two of the many benefits of using copper slag as a fine aggregate in a concrete building. However, stakeholders need proven research output to build trust and initiate or enhance the use of such industrial waste [...] Read more.
Recycling trash and protecting natural resources are two of the many benefits of using copper slag as a fine aggregate in a concrete building. However, stakeholders need proven research output to build trust and initiate or enhance the use of such industrial waste in buildings. This study evaluated self-compacting concrete’s fresh and hardened characteristics (SCC) comprising a copper slag aggregate (CSA). For this purpose, six mixes were prepared by substituting river sand with CSA up to 50%, with a 10% increment. The properties of fresh SCC were evaluated using slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box tests. Several parameters of SCC were examined, including water absorption, sorptivity, chloride ion penetration, sulphate attack, and acid attack tests. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the concrete microstructure. The results indicated that the fresh characteristics of SCC were enhanced as the amount of CSA increased consistently. The durability properties showed a considerable enhancement in SCC mixes comprising up to 20% of CSA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications)
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14 pages, 579 KiB  
Review
Bonding of Steel Bars in Concrete with the Addition of Carbon Nanotubes: A Systematic Review of the Literature
by Elvys Dias Reis, Heron Freitas Resende, Péter Ludvig, Rogério Cabral de Azevedo, Flávia Spitale Jacques Poggiali and Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra
Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1626; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101626 - 7 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3045
Abstract
Advances and innovations in science and engineering have been increasingly supported by nanotechnology, and the modification of cementitious materials by nanoengineering is an expanding field. With this perspective, this paper aims to elucidate the behavior of steel bars in concrete with the addition [...] Read more.
Advances and innovations in science and engineering have been increasingly supported by nanotechnology, and the modification of cementitious materials by nanoengineering is an expanding field. With this perspective, this paper aims to elucidate the behavior of steel bars in concrete with the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a function of the characteristics of the cement-based material, the dispersion techniques and dosage of CNTs, the bond tests and specimen geometry, and the rebar characteristics. To reach this proposed goal, the ProKnow-C methodology was applied to select the most relevant publications from the last ten years, and then seven articles were fully analyzed. The results of the present systematic review of the literature revealed both consolidated knowledge and gaps to be filled in future research, as the need to study the chemical effect of adding these nanomaterials for improving steel–concrete adhesion, the bonding of thin bars in concrete, and the real influence of anchorage length on the steel–concrete bond, regardless of the use of CNTs, is vital. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Concrete Technology and Its Structural Applications)
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