Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 12445

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Architecture and Town Planning, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
Interests: neuro-architecture; urban wellbeing; urban density and densification; perceived density; visual perception; analytical models and tools; experiments in VR; wayfinding for the aging brain; generative urban design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Architecture and Town Planning, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
Interests: applying theories of complexity to urban environments; urban morphology; size distribution of entities in complex systems; and complex networks in urban systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urban environments face the serious challenge of having to comply with relatively tight constraints regarding land and tenant density. In fact, this has become a key limitation in both current and future urban designs around the globe. Density and densification processes may influence the residents’ perceived density, creating a negative perception of overcrowding. Moreover, residents’ well-being is strongly impacted by urban planning and design decisions, especially in relation to the physical parameters of the urban environment, and on a range of scales.

The purpose of this Special Issue of Buildings is to consolidate knowledge from current international research, with an emphasis on the spatial parameters that are reflected in urban planning and design decisions, and how they affect the perceptions, emotions, behaviors, quality of life, and wellbeing of urban residents.

The questions that arise are related to the influence of various layers of the physical urban design and on different scales, and in relation to the urban residents within their private and public domains. For example, the geometry and morphology of the urban fabric, buildings, and facades; vegetation and its positioning within the public space; and the distribution of public spaces for different usages, on the micro-, mezzo-, and macro-scales. Issues that must be addressed include: What (and to what degree) will be seen from the residents' housing units? Will residents have adequate access to facilities and services (such as healthcare, education, and culture)? Is the cultural and geographical location of the urban setting an influencing parameter in relation to the residents’ well-being? And finally, are there global “rights” and “wrongs”?

Considering the increasing age of populations around the world, as lifespans continue to increase, the effect of the design of urban public spaces on wayfinding should be examined, especially in the older age-groups.

Answers to these questions and others could be provided by researchers from a range of disciplines, including from the fields of urban geography, planning, design, and architecture, as well as environmental psychology, sociology, and ecology. At present, however, links are lacking between the accumulated knowledge and insights achieved through academic research and the actual practice of urban planning and design.

We hereby invite researchers from a wide range of disciplines to submit their novel studies, including their unique research goals, tools, and findings, to contribute to a corpus of global knowledge on how spatial parameters influence urban wellbeing. The outcome of this Special Issue could significantly contribute to both theory and practice—and to the combining of the two—in the field of human-centered architecture and urban design.

This is a unique opportunity to create a pool of cutting-edge knowledge that will be readily accessible to urban planners and designers, with a set of spatial principles that they can apply in their future work—with the aim of maintaining the residents’ sense of wellbeing.

Prof. Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman
Prof. Dr. Efrat Blumenfeld Lieberthal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban wellbeing
  • impact of spatial parameters
  • neuro-architecture
  • urban density and densification
  • perceived density
  • urban morphology
  • building morphology
  • façade geometry and design
  • street section
  • urban greenery
  • impact of culture and geography
  • experiments in VR
  • walkability

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (10 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

19 pages, 9478 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Health-Oriented Layout and Perceived Density in High-Density Public Residential Areas: A Case Study of Shenzhen
by Guangxun Cui, Menghan Wang, Yue Fan, Fei Xue and Huanhui Chen
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3626; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113626 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 466
Abstract
Rapid urbanization has intensified public housing development and building density, posing significant challenges to residents’ well-being and urban sustainability. With the population of the Greater Bay Area on the rise, enhancing the spatial quality of public housing is now essential. The study proposed [...] Read more.
Rapid urbanization has intensified public housing development and building density, posing significant challenges to residents’ well-being and urban sustainability. With the population of the Greater Bay Area on the rise, enhancing the spatial quality of public housing is now essential. The study proposed a quantitative framework to evaluate the relationship between the residential design elements and perceived density in high-density public housing neighborhoods. It employed a virtual reality perception experiment to analyze the relationship between significant spatial indicators and perceived density by investigating 16 high-density residential layout models in 3 configurations: Tower-Enclosed, Balanced Slab-Enclosed, and Staggered Slab-Enclosed. The results indicate that: (1) greater building height intensifies perceived density, leading to sensations of overcrowding and discomfort; (2) an increased sky ratio mitigates perceived density, fostering a more open and pleasant environment; (3) recessed residential facades enhance residents’ density perception; and (4) Staggered Slab-Enclosed Layout configurations receive the most favorable evaluations regarding perceived density. The authors attempt to go beyond current regulations to propose tailored solutions for Shenzhen’s high-density context, improving spatial efficiency and residential comfort in future public housing designs. The finding provides scientific evidence to support urban planners and policymakers in developing more resilient and sustainable high-density neighborhoods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1896 KiB  
Article
How Does Online Shopping Shape the Sense of Community? The Mediating Role of Various Social Activities
by Jiayi Jiang, Shi Chen, Huixin Wang, Xinqi Zhuang, Ziang Zheng and Shixian Luo
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3362; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113362 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 613
Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital commerce, particularly same-day-delivery and next-day-delivery online shopping, is transforming daily life and community dynamics in urban settings. This study explores how these shopping behaviors impact the sense of community by mediating various social activities at both individual and [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of digital commerce, particularly same-day-delivery and next-day-delivery online shopping, is transforming daily life and community dynamics in urban settings. This study explores how these shopping behaviors impact the sense of community by mediating various social activities at both individual and community levels. Using an online survey design, this study analyzes the mediating roles of different types of social interactions, including informal social gatherings and organized community events, in shaping a sense of community. The findings reveal that while both unplanned, low-threshold interactions and more structured, organized activities contribute to a sense of community, their effects vary in strength. Stronger, more deliberate social interactions, such as resident-led events, show a full mediation effect, whereas casual, spontaneous encounters provide partial mediation. Similarly, organized community events demonstrate different levels of influence, with community-organized activities fully mediating certain sense of community dimensions and resident-engaged activities providing more comprehensive impacts. These findings highlight that same-day-delivery and next-day-delivery online shopping behaviors significantly shape the sense of community by facilitating both informal and organized social interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 5604 KiB  
Article
Back and Forth from Urban Renewal: The Spatial Parameters of Affordable Housing in Two Cities
by Daphna Levine and Sharon Yavo Ayalon
Buildings 2024, 14(10), 3324; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103324 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 699
Abstract
This study examines the impact of spatial parameters on urban well-being by comparing the urban design and housing policies of Roosevelt Island in New York City and Bat Yam in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, Israel. Despite their distinct political and cultural contexts, [...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of spatial parameters on urban well-being by comparing the urban design and housing policies of Roosevelt Island in New York City and Bat Yam in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, Israel. Despite their distinct political and cultural contexts, these cities exhibit similar urban design approaches that integrate physical well-being parameters—such as density, building height, open spaces, and walkability—alongside social well-being parameters including age distribution, income levels, and ethnic diversity. The research traces the evolution of affordable housing through various historical phases, including Urban Renewal, Community Development, and Neoliberal Urbanism, and explores how different residential ownership structures have influenced demographic shifts, gentrification, and neighborhood transformation over the past decades. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines historical analysis with spatial and demographic data, this study highlights the contrasting impacts of Roosevelt Island’s affordable housing program and Bat Yam’s state-led urban renewal policies. The results illustrate how distinct housing models affect community resilience, social stability, and overall urban well-being. By uncovering parallel narratives and extracting valuable insights, this analysis offers lessons for other cities navigating similar market-led pressures and policy shifts. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between spatial design, housing policies, and ownership structures in shaping the long-term sustainability and quality of life in urban neighborhoods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 7388 KiB  
Article
Walking Environment Satisfaction in an Historic Block Based on POE and Machine Learning: A Case Study of Tianjin Five Avenues
by Ziyao Yu, Yanwei Zhou and Heng Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(10), 3047; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103047 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 554
Abstract
The increasing volume of motorized traffic not only negatively impacts the structural preservation and overall planning of individual buildings within the block but also disrupts the originally harmonious and pleasant spatial environment of the area. Walking, as a primary mode of urban transportation, [...] Read more.
The increasing volume of motorized traffic not only negatively impacts the structural preservation and overall planning of individual buildings within the block but also disrupts the originally harmonious and pleasant spatial environment of the area. Walking, as a primary mode of urban transportation, plays a crucial role in preserving the unique characteristics of historical blocks, enhancing the quality of the urban environment, and achieving long-term sustainable urban development. This study takes the Five Avenues historical block as a case, assessing the current walking environment from the perspective of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE). Machine learning techniques (including web scraping, the TF-IDF algorithm, and the LDA model) were employed to collect and analyze user feedback data, assisting in constructing walking environment satisfaction indicators. A total of 19 key factors affecting walking satisfaction were identified. Paired sample t-tests, ANOVA, and reliability and validity analyses were applied to examine the feasibility and practicality of the questionnaire content. Finally, using Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA), the improvement priorities for walking environment indicators were clearly defined. Although the overall satisfaction index of the Five Avenues is comparatively high, unobstructed pathways have the greatest impact on walking environment satisfaction, followed by the rationality of guiding signage facilities, and then by public security management and facility maintenance. Furthermore, visitors prioritize factors such as the cultural recognizability of the area, travel convenience, green space accessibility, and the sidewalk width proportion; they are less focused on the functional aspects of the walkways. Based on the analysis results from POE and machine learning, targeted strategies for improving the walking environment in historical blocks were proposed, aiming to provide a more comprehensive basis for improving the walking environments of similar blocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6194 KiB  
Article
Complexity, Coordination Dynamics and the Urban Landscape
by Juval Portugali
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1327; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051327 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 779
Abstract
Similar to living complex systems, cities are composed of a huge number of interacting parts, each with its specific properties, rhythm, etc., that, by means of self-organization, give rise to a functioning complex system. A major challenge is thus to follow the self-organized [...] Read more.
Similar to living complex systems, cities are composed of a huge number of interacting parts, each with its specific properties, rhythm, etc., that, by means of self-organization, give rise to a functioning complex system. A major challenge is thus to follow the self-organized adaptation process by which the huge number of diverse parts coordinate their action and behavior into a coherent whole. Coordination dynamics, the science of coordination, elaborates on this issue, showing how patterns of coordination form, adapt, persist and change in living things. Recent studies on cities and complexity exposed that human agents differ from other living things in that they adapt not only through behavior but also through the construction of artifacts, thus giving rise to hybrid complex systems (HCSs) and to cities as such. This entails a new challenge regarding the various aspects and roles of artifacts in coordination dynamics. This study introduces the notions of hybrid complex systems and coordination dynamics and then focuses on one aspect that concerns coordination in cities: the ways the artificial urban landscape participates in coordinating the dynamics between the human urban agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 4529 KiB  
Article
Architectural Neuroimmunology: A Pilot Study Examining the Impact of Biophilic Architectural Design on Neuroinflammation
by Cleo Valentine, Tony Steffert, Heather Mitcheltree and Koen Steemers
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051292 - 3 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3396
Abstract
Recent research in architectural neuroscience has found that visual exposure to biophilic design may help reduce occupant physiological stress responses. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the complex ways in which biophilic design impacts on building occupant neurophysiology. The [...] Read more.
Recent research in architectural neuroscience has found that visual exposure to biophilic design may help reduce occupant physiological stress responses. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the complex ways in which biophilic design impacts on building occupant neurophysiology. The relationship between visual exposure to biophilic design and neurophysiological responses such as neuroinflammation have yet to be directly investigated. This paper examines the results of a pilot study that was established to investigate the relationship between visual exposure to biophilic design and neuroinflammation, as mediated by physiological stress responses. The pilot study utilised a 32-channel quantitative electroencephalograph (qEEG) to assess the relative changes in neuroinflammatory markers (relative alpha and relative delta power band activity) of 10 participants while they were exposed to 2D digital images of buildings that visually expressed varying degrees of biophilic design. Participants exhibited a decrease in relative delta power when exposed to higher levels of biophilic design. No statistically significant changes in relative alpha power were observed. These findings suggest that exposure to buildings with higher degrees of biophilia may result in decreased neuroinflammatory activity. In doing so, this research works to further develop our understanding of the complex ways in which the built environment impacts on occupant neuroinflammation and physiological stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 8306 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Regional Evolution of the Hefei Political and Cultural New District Skyline Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis and Semantic Segmentation
by Le Zhang, Mengru Zhang, Mingxia Yuan and Yanlong Guo
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051238 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 917
Abstract
The general population’s assessment and perception of a city can be influenced by its skyline, which is one of its representatives. This paper uses semantic segmentation and exploratory factor analysis to conduct a study from two different perspectives, aiming to analyse the development [...] Read more.
The general population’s assessment and perception of a city can be influenced by its skyline, which is one of its representatives. This paper uses semantic segmentation and exploratory factor analysis to conduct a study from two different perspectives, aiming to analyse the development and current situation of the skyline of Hefei’s political and cultural new district. By collecting pictures of the skyline of the New Administrative and Cultural District, the New Administrative and Cultural District of Hefei’s skyline is being studied for overall changes using the semantic segmentation method, and to evaluate the quality of the skyline in various years, the entropy weight–TOPSIS is employed. Through the literature investigation and creation status of the new political and cultural district, the index system is scientifically formulated to conduct a questionnaire survey, and its reliability and validity are tested. This study is conducted with exploratory factor analysis of factors that are vital in the city skyline. The results of this study show that (1) after the semantic segmentation of the pictures, it is found that the proportion of buildings and the proportion of vegetation are both rising; the proportion of buildings tends to level off after 2018, and the proportion of vegetation shows a uniform increase. In the relative proximity ranking, the overall trend is increasing, and the skyline is ranked first in 2024. (2) Two variables were identified based on the findings of the exploratory factor analysis: ‘skyline value’ and ‘neighbourhood ecological quality’. The results of this study show that the skyline of Hefei’s New Administrative and Cultural District in 2024 is the best overall, and that the skyline of the New Administrative and Cultural District has developed into one of the city images of Hefei, and that its optimisation can be considered in terms of the “quality of the surrounding ecological environment”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 8777 KiB  
Article
Basic Analysis of Physical Determinants Affecting the Distribution Density of Senior Citizen Centers around Small Apartment Complexes, Focusing on Administrative Districts in Busan
by Xiaolong Zhao, Eun-soo Park, Jieun Kim, Sang-Yup Lee and Heangwoo Lee
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040929 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 996
Abstract
The role of senior citizen centers is becoming more important, with a greater emphasis placed on ensuring that these establishments facilitate leisure and communication for older adults. These developments are taking place as population aging has now become an irreversible global trend. However, [...] Read more.
The role of senior citizen centers is becoming more important, with a greater emphasis placed on ensuring that these establishments facilitate leisure and communication for older adults. These developments are taking place as population aging has now become an irreversible global trend. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on predicting the distribution density of senior citizen centers based on physical factors in urban planning. Therefore, this study set each administrative district in Busan as a unit and investigated physical factors affecting the distribution density of senior citizen centers around small apartment complexes to validate their effectiveness. First, the spatial hierarchy of each administrative district in Busan was examined. The city was divided into administrative districts while focusing on the distribution density of senior citizen centers (the dependent variable) around small apartment complexes where older adults live (within a 500 m radius). The spatial accessibility of senior citizen centers and the number of apartments in each administrative district were set as independent variables. This selection was made to verify the effectiveness of the physical factors by conducting an independent sample t-test, normality test, Friedman test, and two-way ANOVA. The chief findings of this study are as follows. (1) The spatial awareness of each administrative district was low, and there were large disparities in the land development density relative to the spatial scale of the administrative districts. (2) Regarding the physical factors affecting the distribution density of senior citizen centers, the spatial accessibility of senior residences was more significant than the number of small apartment complexes nearby. (3) Personal and social factors may have indirectly influenced the distribution density of senior citizen centers more than physical factors, depending on the type of house in which the older adults live. The findings will provide a theoretical basis for determining the location and distribution density of senior citizen centers in urban planning considering physical factors, as well as serve as a reference for public policy decisions related to the allocation of such centers in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 78104 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Cross-Generational Co-Living Space Configuration in Residential Communities—Case Study in China and Italy Based on Space Syntax
by Dongqing Zhang, Nicoletta Setola and Yi Chen
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020346 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1935
Abstract
In contemporary society, a notable trend of diminishing family sizes has led to an increasing number of elderly individuals living in solitude, often facing the end of life alone. This phenomenon underscores a critical challenge: addressing the pervasive loneliness experienced by many seniors. [...] Read more.
In contemporary society, a notable trend of diminishing family sizes has led to an increasing number of elderly individuals living in solitude, often facing the end of life alone. This phenomenon underscores a critical challenge: addressing the pervasive loneliness experienced by many seniors. In response to this pressing issue, the concept of “cross-generational co-living” emerges as a potential solution. By exploring and implementing cross-generational co-living models, this research contributes to the development of more inclusive, supportive, and adaptable environments. The investigation involved an extensive field study and comprehensive data analysis of twenty-four instances of cross-generational co-living spaces in China and Italy. This analysis utilized space syntax as a fundamental theoretical framework, incorporating convex graphical topological relationship extraction and visibility graph analysis models. The outcomes of the study indicate that the configuration of cross-generational co-living spaces include spatial form, type, location, and the proportion of areas. Spaces arranged in a cluster form are most effective in promoting mutual communication. Spatial types and locations characterized by elevated integration values demonstrate a heightened potential for cross-generational communication. Space possessing a higher integration value typically correlates with a reduced ratio of area discreteness. These findings are instrumental in understanding how cultural and societal variances shape the design and utilization of cross-generational co-living spaces. Consequently, this study provides valuable guidelines for improving environments that are essential for advancing the principles of age-friendly design, which aims to enhance the quality of life for the elderly and foster a more harmonious and interconnected society across all generations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 9879 KiB  
Article
Spatial Parameters Determining Urban Wellbeing: A Behavioral Experiment
by Yaala Trossman Haifler and Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010211 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1181
Abstract
In today’s rapid urbanization process around the world, understanding the impact of environmental parameters on urban dwellers’ wellbeing is more important than ever. In this paper, we explored the influence of 3D spatial and physical factors on the wellbeing of urban dwellers. Twenty-one [...] Read more.
In today’s rapid urbanization process around the world, understanding the impact of environmental parameters on urban dwellers’ wellbeing is more important than ever. In this paper, we explored the influence of 3D spatial and physical factors on the wellbeing of urban dwellers. Twenty-one virtual environments comprised three street sections, five building morphologies, and two densification rates, and were rated by 147 study participants. Our findings indicate that all three parameters (street sections, building morphology, and density rates) can be used to independently predict urban wellbeing. This research presents a milestone in understanding the complex relationships between street sections, building morphology, and perceived density on urban wellbeing. The outcomes of this study can be implemented by urban designers, architects, and researchers, with the aim of creating more wellbeing-centered urban designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Wellbeing: The Impact of Spatial Parameters)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop