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Cancers
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Innovation in Bone Metastasis
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Innovation in Bone Metastasis

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Metastasis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 6622

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Umile Giuseppe Longo

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Guest Editor
Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: sports traumatology; arthroscopic surgery of shoulder, knee, and ankle; replacement surgery of shoulder, knee, and hip
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Denaro

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Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: spine surgery; bone pathology; replacement; orthopaedic surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Bone is the third most frequent site of metastases. In particular, about 70% of breast cancer patients and 60% of prostate cancer patients develop diffuse bone metastases in the late stages of the disease. Bone metastases are a serious challenge for the surgeon and the patient, leading in most cases to drug-resistant pain, pathological fractures, and, in late stages, to death. Therefore, bone metastases may require either preventive (impending fracture) or curative (pathologic fracture) bone fixation. Today, most treatments for bone metastases are palliative, and surgery remains the gold standard. The surgery of bone metastases frequently requires the replacement of the affected bone segment with a biocompatible implant. These implants can be made of synthetic materials or harvested from cadavers and adapted to the patient’s anatomy through various surgical techniques. In recent years, thanks to the advent of 3D printing and the development of new biomaterials, it has become possible to improve these patients’ outcomes by creating custom-made prostheses, making surgery easier and more effective.

This Special Issue focuses on innovations in the field of bone metastases. The development of new biomaterials, new prostheses, and technologies for bone metastasis surgery is essential to improve the overall survival and quality of life of these patients. Basic, translational, and clinical research in this field holds promise to improve the quality of life and survival rates of patients with bone metastasis.

Prof. Dr. Umile Giuseppe Longo
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Denaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3507 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Three Imaging Methods to Quantify Key Events in Pelvic Bone Metastasis
by Haejun Lee, Tae Ran Ahn, Kyung Hoon Hwang and Sheen-Woo Lee
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010214 - 2 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1339
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to compare turbo spin echo diffusion-weighted images in radial trajectory (BLADE DWI) with multi-shot echoplanar imaging (RESOLVE DWI) for imaging the metastatic lesion in the pelvic bone to find a correlation between ADC values and standardized [...] Read more.
Background: The purpose of this study is to compare turbo spin echo diffusion-weighted images in radial trajectory (BLADE DWI) with multi-shot echoplanar imaging (RESOLVE DWI) for imaging the metastatic lesion in the pelvic bone to find a correlation between ADC values and standardized uptake values (SUVs) of FDG uptake in PET/CT. The study also seeks to compare the values of metastatic lesions with those of benign bone lesions, specifically red marrow hyperplasia. Methods: The retrospective IRB-approved study included patients with bone metastasis and red marrow hyperplasia in the pelvic bone who underwent 3.0 T MRI with BLADE/RESOLVE DWI sequences and F-18 FDG PET/CT within one month. BVC (best value comparator) was used in determining the nature of bone lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and standardized uptake value (SUV) were measured by a radiologist and a nuclear medicine physician. MRI image quality was graded with a Likert scale regarding the visualization of the sacroiliac joint, sacral neural foramen, hamstring tendon at ischial tuberosity, and tumor border. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and imaging time were compared between the two DWIs. Mean, peak, and maximum SUVs between metastatic and benign red marrow lesions were compared. SUVs and ADC values were compared. AUROC analyses and cut-off values were obtained for each parameter. Mann–Whitney U, Spearman’s rho, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were applied using SPSS. Results: The final study group included 58 bone lesions (19 patients (male: female = 6:13, age 52.5 ± 9.6, forty-four (75.9%) bone metastasis, fourteen (24.1%) benign red marrow hyperplasia). ADCs from BLADE and RESOLVE were significantly higher in bone metastasis than red marrow hyperplasia. BLADE showed higher ADC values, higher anatomical scores, and higher SNR than RESOLVE DWI (p < 0.05). Imaging times were longer for BLADE than RESOLVE (6 min 3 s vs. 3 min 47 s, p < 0.05). There was a poor correlation between ADC values and SUVs (correlation coefficient from 0.04 to 0.31). The AUROC values of BLADE and RESOLVE MRI ranged from 0.892~0.995. Those of PET ranged from 0.877~0.895. The cut-off ADC values between the bone metastasis and red marrow hyperplasia were 355.0, 686.5, 531.0 for BLADE min, max, and average, respectively, and 112.5, 737.0, 273.0 for RESOLVE min, max, and average, respectively. The cut-off SUV values were 1.84, 5.01, and 3.81 for mean, peak, and max values, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with RESOLVE DWI, BLADE DWI showed improved image quality of pelvic bone MRI in the aspect of anatomical depiction and SNR, higher ADC values, albeit longer imaging time. BLADE and RESOLVE could differentiate bone metastasis and red marrow hyperplasia with quantifiable cut-off values. Further study is necessary to evaluate the discrepancy between the quantifiers between PET and MRI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Bone Metastasis)
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Review

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47 pages, 1060 KiB  
Review
Awakening of Dormant Breast Cancer Cells in the Bone Marrow
by Robert Wieder
Cancers 2023, 15(11), 3021; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15113021 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4438
Abstract
Up to 40% of patients with breast cancer (BC) have metastatic cells in the bone marrow (BM) at the initial diagnosis of localized disease. Despite definitive systemic adjuvant therapy, these cells survive in the BM microenvironment, enter a dormant state and recur stochastically [...] Read more.
Up to 40% of patients with breast cancer (BC) have metastatic cells in the bone marrow (BM) at the initial diagnosis of localized disease. Despite definitive systemic adjuvant therapy, these cells survive in the BM microenvironment, enter a dormant state and recur stochastically for more than 20 years. Once they begin to proliferate, recurrent macrometastases are not curable, and patients generally succumb to their disease. Many potential mechanisms for initiating recurrence have been proposed, but no definitive predictive data have been generated. This manuscript reviews the proposed mechanisms that maintain BC cell dormancy in the BM microenvironment and discusses the data supporting specific mechanisms for recurrence. It addresses the well-described mechanisms of secretory senescence, inflammation, aging, adipogenic BM conversion, autophagy, systemic effects of trauma and surgery, sympathetic signaling, transient angiogenic bursts, hypercoagulable states, osteoclast activation, and epigenetic modifications of dormant cells. This review addresses proposed approaches for either eliminating micrometastases or maintaining a dormant state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Bone Metastasis)
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