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Catalysts
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Catalyst Deactivation in Hydrocarbon Processing
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Catalyst Deactivation in Hydrocarbon Processing

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2021) | Viewed by 12841

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nikolaos Charisiou

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Alternative Fuels and Environmental Catalysis (LAFEC), University of Western Macedonia (UOWM), Koila, 50100 Kozani, Greece
Interests: biogas reforming; glycerol reforming; hydrogen production; syngas production; renewable diesel; catalyst deactivation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Maria A. Goula

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100 Koila, Greece
Interests: environmental catalysis; biomass utilization; bio-oil; biogas; glycerol; hydrogen; syngas; renewable diesel; reforming; selective deoxygenation; CO2 hydrogenation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kyriaki Polychronopoulou

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Interests: catalysts synthesis; porous materials; reforming; CO2 sequestration; H2 production and storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The loss of catalytic activity and/or selectivity over time is an issue of tremendous importance for heterogeneous industrial catalytic processes. The degree of catalyst deactivation depends mainly on the properties of the feed and operating conditions, and it is caused by a variety of mechanisms, such as poisoning, fouling (carbon deposition), thermal degradation, vapor formation, and attrition/crushing. As the performance of catalysts decreases with time, periodic increases of reaction temperature are required in order to maintain constant product yields and/or quality, which means that costs to industry for catalyst replacement and process shutdown are in the order of billions of dollars per year. While catalyst deactivation is inevitable, some of its immediate, drastic consequences may be avoided, postponed, or even reversed.

This Special Issue aims to draw together scientific works on the recent advances in catalyst deactivation, catalyst regeneration, novel catalyst formulations with enhanced stability/tolerance characteristics, understanding of mechanisms, advances in process line-ups, advances in process conditions and reactors, and development of improved methods and tools for investigation.  

Dr. Nikolaos Charisiou
Prof. Dr. Maria A. Goula
Prof. Dr. Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrocarbon processing
  • deactivation
  • regeneration
  • catalyst degradation
  • carbon deposition
  • sintering
  • poisoning
  • modeling
  • reactor systems

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4136 KiB  
Article
Acetonitrile’s Effect on the Efficiency of Ethanol Electrooxidation at a Polycrystalline Pt Electrode in Relation to pH-Dependent Fuel Cell Applications
by Bogusław Pierożynski, Tomasz Mikołajczyk, Mateusz Łuba, Paweł Wojtacha and Lech Smoczyński
Catalysts 2020, 10(11), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10111286 - 5 Nov 2020
Viewed by 2162
Abstract
The present paper reports cyclic voltammetric and a.c. impedance spectroscopy investigations on the influence of the acetonitrile concentration on the kinetics (and individual product’s efficiency) of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), performed on a polycrystalline Pt electrode surface in 0.5 M H2 [...] Read more.
The present paper reports cyclic voltammetric and a.c. impedance spectroscopy investigations on the influence of the acetonitrile concentration on the kinetics (and individual product’s efficiency) of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), performed on a polycrystalline Pt electrode surface in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M NaOH supporting solutions. The kinetics of the EOR were examined at room temperature over the voltammetric potential range, which covers the electrooxidation of surface-adsorbed COAds species, as well as the formation of acetaldehyde molecules. In addition, the time-dependent efficiency of acetate and acetaldehyde formation in relation to the initial acetonitrile content for both acidic and alkaline electrolytes was evaluated by means of spectrophotometric Ultraviolet/ Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) instrumental analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalyst Deactivation in Hydrocarbon Processing)
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17 pages, 3308 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pressure on Na0.5La0.5Ni0.3Al0.7O2.5 Perovskite Catalyst for Dry Reforming of CH4
by Anis Hamza Fakeeha, Ahmed Sadeq Al-Fatesh, Jehad K. Abu-Dahrieh, Ahmed Aidid Ibrahim, Samsudeen Olajide Kasim and Ahmed Elhag Abasaeed
Catalysts 2020, 10(4), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10040379 - 1 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive study was carried out on the application of perovskite catalyst in dry reforming of CH4. The perovskite catalyst was prepared using a sol–gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, TPR, XRD, CO [...] Read more.
In this paper, a comprehensive study was carried out on the application of perovskite catalyst in dry reforming of CH4. The perovskite catalyst was prepared using a sol–gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, TPR, XRD, CO2-TPD, TGA, TPO, Raman, and SEM techniques. In addition, the effect of operating pressure, namely, 1 bar, 3 bar, 5 bar, and 7 bar, temperature (500–800 °C) was evaluated. The characterization results indicated that catalysts operated at 1 bar, gas hourly space velocity of 84000 (mL/g/h) gave the best catalytic performance. CH4 and CO2 conversions of 77 and 80% were obtained at 1 bar and at 700 °C reaction temperature. The increase of reaction temperatures from 500 °C to 800 °C increased the reaction rate and hence the methane and carbon dioxide conversions were increased. A unity ratio of H2/CO was obtained at 1 bar for temperatures 600 °C and above. Similarly, the time on stream tests, obtained at a 700 °C reaction temperature, showed that the best ratio in terms of the closeness of unity and the stable profile could be attained when the pressure was set to 1 bar. The TGA analysis showed the drop of mass due to oxidation of carbon deposits, which started at 500 °C. The catalyst operated at 1 bar produced the least amount of carbon, equivalent to 35% weight loss, while the 3 and 5 bar operated catalysts generated carbon formation, equivalent to 65% weight loss. However, the 7 bar operated catalyst resulted the highest accumulation of carbon formation, equivalent to 83% weight reduction. Hence, the TGA profile indicated the relative carbon deposition on the catalyst, which was dependent of the operated pressure and hence confirmed the suitability operation pressure of 1 bar. The characterizations of the Raman, EDX, TGA, and TPO all presented the formation of carbon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalyst Deactivation in Hydrocarbon Processing)
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22 pages, 12929 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Reaction Temperature and Carbon Deposition on Nickel Catalysts Based on Al2O3, ZrO2 or SiO2 Supports during the Biogas Dry Reforming Reaction
by Nikolaos D. Charisiou, Savvas L. Douvartzides, Georgios I. Siakavelas, Lazaros Tzounis, Victor Sebastian, Vlad Stolojan, Steven J. Hinder, Mark A. Baker, Kyriaki Polychronopoulou and Maria A. Goula
Catalysts 2019, 9(8), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9080676 - 9 Aug 2019
Cited by 76 | Viewed by 7170
Abstract
The tackling of carbon deposition during the dry reforming of biogas (BDR) necessitates research of the surface of spent catalysts in an effort to obtain a better understanding of the effect that different carbon allotropes have on the deactivation mechanism and correlation of [...] Read more.
The tackling of carbon deposition during the dry reforming of biogas (BDR) necessitates research of the surface of spent catalysts in an effort to obtain a better understanding of the effect that different carbon allotropes have on the deactivation mechanism and correlation of their formation with catalytic properties. The work presented herein provides a comparative assessment of catalytic stability in relation to carbon deposition and metal particle sintering on un-promoted Ni/Al2O3, Ni/ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2 catalysts for different reaction temperatures. The spent catalysts were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-HAADF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the formation and nature of carbonaceous deposits on catalytic surfaces (and thus catalytic stability) depend on the interplay of a number of crucial parameters such as metal support interaction, acidity/basicity characteristics, O2– lability and active phase particle size. When a catalytic system possesses only some of these beneficial characteristics, then competition with adverse effects may overshadow any potential benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalyst Deactivation in Hydrocarbon Processing)
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