Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
6.8
3.8
Journals
Catalysts
Special Issues
Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy...
share announcement

Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanostructured Catalysts".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 49871

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mohamad Hassan Amin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry in the School of Applied Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
Interests: nanomaterials; gas conversion; CO2 and methane reforming, heterogeneous catalysis; reaction mechanism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

The significant upsurge in energy demand and global warming are among the most critical challenges faced by modern society today. Catalysts play a pivotal role in addressing these issues as they have the ability to convert polluting compounds into clean fuels. In this Special Issue “Application of metal-based nanocatalysts for addressing environmental issues and energy demand” we would like to highlight the research devoted to the development of metal-based nanocatalysts to address these issues.

We welcome all the researchers to submit their novel work as a communication, full paper or a review article.

The scope of this special issue is as below:

  • CO2 utilization
  • Gas reforming and gas conversion
  • Syngas production
  • Methanol production
  • Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Dr. Mohamad Hassan Amin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • catalysis
  • catalystre
  • forming
  • syngas
  • fuel
  • CO2 utilization

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (11 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand
by Mohamad Hassan Amin
Catalysts 2021, 11(12), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11121521 - 15 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1744
Abstract
As part of the Glasgow Climate Pact, at COP27 in 2021, world leaders of 197 countries agreed to cut carbon dioxide emissions to prevent a “climate catastrophe” [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

23 pages, 4340 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Catalytic Ni/Cu Nanoparticles from Simulated Wastewater on Li–Al Mixed Metal Oxides for a Two-Stage Catalytic Process in Ethanol Steam Reforming: Catalytic Performance and Coke Properties
by Yu-Jia Chen, Song-Hui Huang, Jun-Yen Uan and Hao-Tung Lin
Catalysts 2021, 11(9), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11091124 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3826
Abstract
This work recovered Ni or Cu cations from simulated electroplating wastewater to synthesize Ni/Cu nano-catalysts for H2 generation by ethanol steam reforming (ESR). Aluminum lathe waste was used as a framework to prepare the structured catalyst. Li–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) [...] Read more.
This work recovered Ni or Cu cations from simulated electroplating wastewater to synthesize Ni/Cu nano-catalysts for H2 generation by ethanol steam reforming (ESR). Aluminum lathe waste was used as a framework to prepare the structured catalyst. Li–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) was electrodeposited on the surface of the framework. The LDH was in a platelet-like structure, working as a support for the formation of the precursor of the metal catalysts. The catalytic performance and the coke properties of a 6Cu_6Ni two-stage catalyst configuration herein used for ESR catalytic reaction were studied. The Cu–Ni two-stage catalyst configuration (6Cu_6Ni) yielded more H2 (~10%) than that by using the Ni-based catalyst (6Ni) only. The 6Cu_6Ni catalyst configuration also resulted in a relatively stable H2 generation rate vs. time, with nearly no decline during the 5-h reaction. Through the pre-reaction of ethanol-steam mixture with Cu/LiAlO2 catalyst, the Ni/LiAlO2 catalyst in the 6Cu_6Ni catalyst configuration could steadily decompose acetaldehyde, and rare acetate groups, which would evolve condensed coke, were formed. The Ni nanoparticles were observed to be lifted and separated by the carbon filaments from the support and had no indication of sintering, contributing to the bare deactivation of the Ni/LiAlO2 catalyst in 6Cu_6Ni. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 5483 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Performance of Calcium Titanate for Catalytic Decomposition of Waste Polypropylene to Carbon Nanotubes in a Single-Stage CVD Reactor
by Helen Uchenna Modekwe, Messai Adenew Mamo, Michael Olawale Daramola and Kapil Moothi
Catalysts 2020, 10(9), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10091030 - 8 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3174
Abstract
Calcium titanate mixed metal oxides with different contents were used as supports for NiMo catalyst prepared by the sol–gel method. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the catalytic decomposition of waste polypropylene (PP) for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using [...] Read more.
Calcium titanate mixed metal oxides with different contents were used as supports for NiMo catalyst prepared by the sol–gel method. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the catalytic decomposition of waste polypropylene (PP) for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a single-stage chemical vapor deposition technique. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts and deposited carbon over the catalysts were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM and XRD results presented a high dispersion of the active metal species on the surface of the support materials. The result showed that increasing the support content led to an increased crystallite size of the catalysts and a resultant reduction in CNTs yield from 44% to 35%. NiMo-supported CaTiO3 catalyst displayed good catalytic activity and stability toward CNTs growth. Furthermore, the effect of calcination temperature on the morphology, yield, and quality of CNTs was also studied, and it was observed that thermal treatment up to 700 °C could produce well graphitized, high-quality, and high-yield CNTs from the waste PP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6102 KiB  
Article
Effect of La2O3 as a Promoter on the Pt,Pd,Ni/MgO Catalyst in Dry Reforming of Methane Reaction
by Ali M. A. Al-Najar, Faris A. J. Al-Doghachi, Ali A. A. Al-Riyahee and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
Catalysts 2020, 10(7), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10070750 - 6 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3304
Abstract
Pt,Pd,Ni/MgO, Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.97La3+0.03O, Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.93La3+0.07O, and Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85La3+0.15O (1% of each of the Ni, Pd, and Pt) catalysts were prepared by a surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method. Samples were characterized by the XRD, [...] Read more.
Pt,Pd,Ni/MgO, Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.97La3+0.03O, Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.93La3+0.07O, and Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85La3+0.15O (1% of each of the Ni, Pd, and Pt) catalysts were prepared by a surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method. Samples were characterized by the XRD, XPS, XRF, FT-IR, H2-TPR, TEM, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and TGA and were tested for the dry reforming of methane (DRM). TEM and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) methods were used to analyze the carbon deposition on spent catalysts after 200 h at 900 °C. At a temperature of 900 °C and a 1:1 CH4:CO2 ratio, the tri-metallic Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85La3+0.15O catalyst with a lanthanum promoter showed a higher conversion of CH4 (85.01%) and CO2 (98.97%) compared to the Ni,Pd,Pt/MgO catalysts in the whole temperature range. The selectivity of H2/CO decreased in the following order: Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85La3+0.15O > Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.93La3+0.07O > Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.97La3+0.03O > Ni,Pd,Pt/MgO. The results indicated that among the catalysts, the Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85La23+0.15O catalyst exhibited the highest activity, making it the most suitable for the dry reforming of methane reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 3004 KiB  
Article
The Study of Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction Activity over Different Interfaces: The Design of Cu-Plate ZnO Model Catalysts
by Jinjun Wen, Chunlei Huang, Yuhai Sun, Long Liang, Yudong Zhang, Yujun Zhang, Mingli Fu, Junliang Wu, Limin Chen and Daiqi Ye
Catalysts 2020, 10(5), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10050533 - 12 May 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3900
Abstract
CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is one of the main and valuable catalytic reactions applied on Cu/ZnO-based catalysts; the interface formed through Zn migration from ZnO support to the surface of Cu nanoparticle (ZnOx-Cu NP-ZnO) has been reported to account for methanol synthesis [...] Read more.
CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is one of the main and valuable catalytic reactions applied on Cu/ZnO-based catalysts; the interface formed through Zn migration from ZnO support to the surface of Cu nanoparticle (ZnOx-Cu NP-ZnO) has been reported to account for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. However, the accompanied reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction significantly decreases methanol selectivity and deactivates catalysts soon. Inhibition of RWGS is thus of great importance to afford high yield of methanol. The clear understanding of the reactivity of RWGS reaction on both the direct contact Cu-ZnO interface and ZnOx-Cu NP-ZnO interface is essential to reveal the low methanol selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and look for efficient catalysts for RWGS reaction. Cu doped plate ZnO (ZnO:XCu) model catalysts were prepared through a hydrothermal method to simulate direct contact Cu-ZnO interface and plate ZnO supported 1 wt % Cu (1Cu/ZnO) catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation for comparison in RWGS reaction. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), XRD, SEM, Raman, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) were employed to characterize these catalysts. The characterization results confirmed that Cu incorporated into ZnO lattice and finally formed direct contact Cu-ZnO interface after H2 reduction. The catalytic performance revealed that direct contact Cu-ZnO interface displays inferior RWGS reaction reactivity at reaction temperature lower than 500 °C, compared with the ZnOx-Cu NP-ZnO interface; however, it is more stable at reaction temperature higher than 500 °C, enables ZnO:XCu model catalysts superior catalytic activity to that of 1Cu/ZnO. This finding will facilitate the designing of robust and efficient catalysts for both CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and RWGS reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 4868 KiB  
Article
Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) by Highly Active and Stable Ni Nanoparticles on Renewable Porous Carbons
by Yinming Li, Zhaojia Wang, Bo Zhang, Zhengang Liu and Tianxue Yang
Catalysts 2020, 10(5), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10050501 - 2 May 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
In this study, Ni nanoparticles supported on renewable porous carbon were prepared using hydrochar as a carbon precursor via in situ formation and self-reduction. The structure properties of the prepared nanocatalysts were characterized by multiple techniques, including XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM, and the [...] Read more.
In this study, Ni nanoparticles supported on renewable porous carbon were prepared using hydrochar as a carbon precursor via in situ formation and self-reduction. The structure properties of the prepared nanocatalysts were characterized by multiple techniques, including XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM, and the dry reforming of methane (DRM) performance of the nanocatalysts in terms of conversion efficiency and reactivity stability was evaluated. The results revealed that the Ni2+ was uniformly anchored on the surface of the hydrochar, and subsequently the Ni nanoparticles were well dispersed in the composite with a diameter of less than 8 nm and had a narrow particle size distribution at a temperature lower than 800 °C. With an increased temperature from 800 to 900 °C, the significant sintering and agglomeration of nickel particles and the transformation from amorphous carbon to graphitic structure were observed in the composite. The nanocatalysts prepared at a temperature of 700 °C (Ni@C-700) and 800 °C (Ni@C-800) exhibited a high reforming conversion rate and catalytic stability of CH4 by CO2 (around 52% for Ni@C-700 and 70% for Ni@C-800 after 800 min of run-time, respectively). As for the composite obtained at 900 (Ni@C-900), the highly graphitic degree was coupled with the significantly increased nickel particle size, and this resulted in a remarkably decreased conversion efficiency. The present study offers a valuable application of the hydrochar and a facile and green approach to prepare highly active and cost-efficient Ni nanoparticles on porous carbons towards the dry reforming of methane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

10 pages, 2420 KiB  
Article
In-Situ FT-IR Spectroscopy Investigation of CH4 and CO2 Reaction
by Yongjun Liu, Nan Cui, Penglong Jia and Wei Huang
Catalysts 2020, 10(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010131 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3665
Abstract
An exclusive trace of CH4 direct carboxylation with CO2 by a stepwise technology was investigated using in-situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that CH4 was dissociated to atomic hydrogen and M-CHx species on catalyst surface when it was first [...] Read more.
An exclusive trace of CH4 direct carboxylation with CO2 by a stepwise technology was investigated using in-situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that CH4 was dissociated to atomic hydrogen and M-CHx species on catalyst surface when it was first introduced in the system, then CO2 was inserted into the intermediate to direct carboxylate. Finally, the subsequent adsorption of CH4 provided active hydrogen for the species of previous surface reaction, thus leading to the formation of the product. It was also found that the first introduction of CO2 on the surface of the “clean” catalyst might likely react with surface H species, which had an irreversible effect on the catalytic activity of CH4. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6446 KiB  
Article
Relationship Between the Pore Structure of Mesoporous Silica Supports and the Activity of Nickel Nanocatalysts in the CO2 Reforming of Methane
by Mohamad Hassan Amin
Catalysts 2020, 10(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010051 - 1 Jan 2020
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 6676
Abstract
The question remains over the role of the pore structure of the support material on the catalytic behaviour of Ni catalysts during the CO2/dry reforming of methane (DRM). For this reason, a series of mesoporous materials with different pore structures, namely [...] Read more.
The question remains over the role of the pore structure of the support material on the catalytic behaviour of Ni catalysts during the CO2/dry reforming of methane (DRM). For this reason, a series of mesoporous materials with different pore structures, namely MCM-41, KIT-6, tri-modal porous silica (TMS), SBA-15 and mesostructured cellular foams (MCFs) were synthesised via hydrothermal synthesis methods and further impregnated with 15 wt.% NiO (11.8 wt.% Ni). It was observed that synthesised TMS is a promising catalyst support for DRM as Ni/TMS gave the highest activity and stability among these materials as well as the Ni catalysts supported on classic ordered mesoporous silicates support reported in the literature at the relatively low temperature (700 °C). On the other hand, Ni supported on CMC-41 exhibited the lowest activity among them. To understand the reason for this difference, the physicochemical properties of these materials were characterised in detail. The results show that the thickness of the silica wall and the pore size of the support material play a critical role in the catalytic activity of Ni catalysts in the CO2 reforming of methane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 4431 KiB  
Article
The Role of Active Sites Location in Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas for MCM-41 Supported Ni Nanoparticles
by Chuanmin Ding, Junwen Wang, Yufeng Li, Qian Ma, Lichao Ma, Jing Guo, Zili Ma, Ping Liu and Kan Zhang
Catalysts 2019, 9(7), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9070606 - 16 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3917
Abstract
The supporting modes of active metal over mesoporous materials play an important role in catalytic performance. The location of Ni nanoparticles inside or outside the mesoporous channel of MCM-41 has a significant influence on the reactivity in partial oxidation of methane to syngas [...] Read more.
The supporting modes of active metal over mesoporous materials play an important role in catalytic performance. The location of Ni nanoparticles inside or outside the mesoporous channel of MCM-41 has a significant influence on the reactivity in partial oxidation of methane to syngas reaction. The characterization data using different techniques (Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, H2 Temperature-Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)) indicated that nickel was located outside the mesoporous channels for the impregnation method (Ni/MCM-41), while nickel was encapsulated within MCM-41 via the one-step hydrothermal crystallization method (Ni-MCM-41). The nickel atoms were mainly dispersed predominantly inside the skeleton of zeolite. When the load amount of Ni increased, both of Ni species inside the skeleton or pore channel of zeolite increased, and the ordered structure of MCM-41 was destroyed gradually. Contributed by the strong interaction with MCM-41, the Ni particles of Ni-MCM-41 were highly dispersed with smaller particle size compared with supported Ni/MCM-41 catalyst. The Ni-MCM-41 displayed higher catalytic performance than Ni/MCM-41, especially 10% Ni-MCM-41 due to high dispersity of Ni. The confinement effect of MCM-41 zeolite also afforded high resistance of sintering and coking for 10% Ni-MCM-41 catalyst. Especially, 10% Ni-MCM-41 catalyst showed outstanding catalytic stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Highly Loaded Mesoporous Ni–La2O3 Catalyst Prepared by Colloidal Solution Combustion Method for CO2 Methanation
by Guoli Tang, Dandan Gong, Hui Liu and Luhui Wang
Catalysts 2019, 9(5), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050442 - 11 May 2019
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4920
Abstract
Highly dispersed Ni-based catalysts for CO2 methanation have been extensively studied over the last decade. However, a highly loaded Ni-based catalyst always results in a large Ni particle size and poor CO2 methanation activity. In this work, a colloidal solution combustion [...] Read more.
Highly dispersed Ni-based catalysts for CO2 methanation have been extensively studied over the last decade. However, a highly loaded Ni-based catalyst always results in a large Ni particle size and poor CO2 methanation activity. In this work, a colloidal solution combustion method was used to prepare a highly loaded Ni–La2O3 catalyst (50 wt % Ni) with a small Ni particle size and abundant metal–support interface. The characterizations demonstrated that a Ni–La2O3 catalyst prepared in this way has a mesoporous structure and a small Ni particle size. Due to the small Ni particle size and abundant metal–support interface, the highly loaded mesoporous Ni–La2O3 catalyst exhibits higher activity and selectivity in CO2 methanation compared to the Ni–La2O3 catalyst prepared by a conventional solution combustion method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

31 pages, 3219 KiB  
Review
Kinetics and Selectivity Study of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis to C5+ Hydrocarbons: A Review
by Zahra Teimouri, Nicolas Abatzoglou and Ajay K. Dalai
Catalysts 2021, 11(3), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11030330 - 5 Mar 2021
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 10192
Abstract
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is considered as one of the non-oil-based alternatives for liquid fuel production. This gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology converts syngas to a wide range of hydrocarbons using metal (Fe and Co) unsupported and supported catalysts. Effective design of the catalyst plays a [...] Read more.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is considered as one of the non-oil-based alternatives for liquid fuel production. This gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology converts syngas to a wide range of hydrocarbons using metal (Fe and Co) unsupported and supported catalysts. Effective design of the catalyst plays a significant role in enhancing syngas conversion, selectivity towards C5+ hydrocarbons, and decreasing selectivity towards methane. This work presents a review on catalyst design and the most employed support materials in FTS to synthesize heavier hydrocarbons. Furthermore, in this report, the recent achievements on mechanisms of this reaction will be discussed. Catalyst deactivation is one of the most important challenges during FTS, which will be covered in this work. The selectivity of FTS can be tuned by operational conditions, nature of the catalyst, support, and reactor configuration. The effects of all these parameters will be analyzed within this report. Moreover, zeolites can be employed as a support material of an FTS-based catalyst to direct synthesis of liquid fuels, and the specific character of zeolites will be elaborated further. Furthermore, this paper also includes a review of some of the most employed characterization techniques for Fe- and Co-based FTS catalysts. Kinetic study plays an important role in optimization and simulation of this industrial process. In this review, the recent developed reaction rate models are critically discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Metal-Based Nanocatalysts for Addressing Environmental Issues and Energy Demand)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-11
Back to TopTop