Liquid Biopsy Components in Neurological Diseases

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 6981

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Guest Editor
Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: neurological diseases with main focus on multiple sclerosis; liquid biopsy
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Dear Colleagues,

During the last decade, liquid biopsy is gaining attention in an area of neurological diseases. The liquid biopsy is performed by extracting and analysis of non-solid biological tissues, i.e. serum, plasma, tear, and saliva, without the need to undergo the invasive procedure. A liquid biopsy can be used for screening several components such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (t-RNA), circulating tumor DNA (ct-RNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from body fluids. Recent advancements in this field, including the use of new technologies, the development and standardization of new methods, have helped to overcome some of the technical issues related with liquid biopsy. This edition’s primary focus is to address key questions regarding role of different liquid components, and the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in complex neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, CNS tumors, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, neuroinfectious disease and Parkinson’s disease.

Dr. Sunny Malhotra Sareen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • liquid biopsy
  • microRNA
  • exosomes
  • cfDNA
  • neurological diseases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5551 KiB  
Article
Liquid Biopsy in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Reveals Epigenetic Changes in the PRLHR Gene
by Mónica Macías, Blanca Acha, Jon Corroza, Amaya Urdánoz-Casado, Miren Roldan, Maitane Robles, Javier Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa, María Elena Erro, Ivonne Jericó, Idoia Blanco-Luquin and Maite Mendioroz
Cells 2023, 12(23), 2679; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232679 - 22 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1664
Abstract
In recent years, new DNA methylation variants have been reported in genes biologically relevant to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in human brain tissue. However, this AD-specific epigenetic information remains brain-locked and unreachable during patients’ lifetimes. In a previous methylome performed in the hippocampus of [...] Read more.
In recent years, new DNA methylation variants have been reported in genes biologically relevant to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in human brain tissue. However, this AD-specific epigenetic information remains brain-locked and unreachable during patients’ lifetimes. In a previous methylome performed in the hippocampus of 26 AD patients and 12 controls, we found higher methylation levels in AD patients in the promoter region of PRLHR, a gene involved in energy balance regulation. Our aim was to further characterize PRLHR’s role in AD and to evaluate if the liquid biopsy technique would provide life access to this brain information in a non-invasive way. First, we extended the methylation mapping of PRLHR and validated previous methylome results via bisulfite cloning sequencing. Next, we observed a positive correlation between PRLHR methylation levels and AD-related neuropathological changes and a decreased expression of PRLHR in AD hippocampus. Then, we managed to replicate the hippocampal methylation differences in plasma cfDNA from an additional cohort of 35 AD patients and 35 controls. The isolation of cfDNA from the plasma of AD patients may constitute a source of potential epigenetic biomarkers to aid AD clinical management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Biopsy Components in Neurological Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 960 KiB  
Review
Liquid Biopsy in Neurological Diseases
by Sunny Malhotra, Mari Carmen Martín Miras, Agustín Pappolla, Xavier Montalban and Manuel Comabella
Cells 2023, 12(14), 1911; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141911 - 22 Jul 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4635
Abstract
The most recent and non-invasive approach for studying early-stage biomarkers is liquid biopsy. This implies the extraction and analysis of non-solid biological tissues (serum, plasma, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid) without undergoing invasive procedures to determine disease prognosis. Liquid biopsy can be used [...] Read more.
The most recent and non-invasive approach for studying early-stage biomarkers is liquid biopsy. This implies the extraction and analysis of non-solid biological tissues (serum, plasma, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid) without undergoing invasive procedures to determine disease prognosis. Liquid biopsy can be used for the screening of several components, such as extracellular vesicles, microRNAs, cell-free DNA, cell-free mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, transfer RNA, and circular DNA or RNA derived from body fluids. Its application includes early disease diagnosis, the surveillance of disease activity, and treatment response monitoring, with growing evidence for validating this methodology in cancer, liver disease, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review will provide an overview of mentioned liquid biopsy components, which could serve as valuable biomarkers for the evaluation of complex neurological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumours, and neuroinfectious diseases. Furthermore, this review highlights the future directions and potential limitations associated with liquid biopsy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Biopsy Components in Neurological Diseases)
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