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Cells
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The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Fish Health
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The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Fish Health

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 8394

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria K. Dahle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Senior Researcher, Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, ÅS, Norway
Interests: biochemistry; molecular; immunology; inflammation; infection; fish health; aquaculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ensuring that human imprint on the environment and farming of fish for food is not a cause of serious impact on fish health, is an important responsibility. This requires that we truly understand the basis of fish health - with insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Knowing that the multitude of fish species are evolutionally unrelated, adapted to diverse environments, and that their immune systems and robustness to diseases diverge, this is a wide and challenging research area. 

This issue opens for novel research on biological pathways in different fish species that allow for increased cellular and molecular understanding, and can describe mechanisms when healthy processes tip over to cause disease. Topics range from the molecular basis for species adaptation and health issues of farmed vs wild fish, the mechanisms of environmental impact on fish, molecular and cellular responses to pathogens and immunological processes, functional genetics, impact of feed nutrients, treatment drugs and fish handling in aquaculture on cellular and molecular processes, and evaluation of cellular models for fish research. Studies that provide a detailed mechanistic insight into molecular and cellular processes in fish using a variety of methodologies, and review papers summarizing specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of importance for a healthy fish life, are encouraged.

Dr. Maria K. Dahle
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish health
  • fish immunology
  • cell models
  • molecular mechanisms
  • functional genetics of disease resistance

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3404 KiB  
Article
Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations
by Magdalena Małachowicz, Aleksei Krasnov and Roman Wenne
Cells 2023, 12(23), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232760 - 3 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1381
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental variation caused by global climate change is a significant aspect of fisheries management and ecology. A reduction in ocean salinity is visible in near-shore areas, especially in the Baltic Sea, where it is affecting the Atlantic cod population. Cod is [...] Read more.
Adaptation to environmental variation caused by global climate change is a significant aspect of fisheries management and ecology. A reduction in ocean salinity is visible in near-shore areas, especially in the Baltic Sea, where it is affecting the Atlantic cod population. Cod is one of the most significant teleost species, with high ecological and economical value worldwide. The population of cod in the Baltic Sea has been traditionally divided into two subpopulations (western and eastern) existing in higher- and lower-salinity waters, respectively. In recent decades, both Baltic cod subpopulations have declined massively. One of the reasons for the poor condition of cod in the Baltic Sea is environmental factors, including salinity. Thus, in this study, an oligonucleotide microarray was applied to explore differences between Baltic cod subpopulations in response to salinity fluctuations. For this purpose, an exposure experiment was conducted consisting of salinity elevation and reduction, and gene expression was measured in gill tissue. We found 400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the immune response, metabolism, programmed cell death, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix that showed a subpopulation-dependent pattern. These findings indicate that osmoregulation in Baltic cod is a complex process, and that western and eastern Baltic cod subpopulations respond differently to salinity changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Fish Health)
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16 pages, 3195 KiB  
Article
Catch of the Day: New Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Antibody Is a Valuable Tool to Study Fish Health in Salmonids
by Ralfs Buks, Abdo Alnabulsi, Rodanthi Zindrili, Ayham Alnabulsi, Alex Wang, Tiehui Wang and Samuel A. M. Martin
Cells 2023, 12(16), 2097; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12162097 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins belong to a family of acute-phase reactants, playing an integral role in defending the organism from pathological damage. Despite a wealth of data on the regulation of SAA transcripts in teleosts, there is only limited information on these [...] Read more.
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins belong to a family of acute-phase reactants, playing an integral role in defending the organism from pathological damage. Despite a wealth of data on the regulation of SAA transcripts in teleosts, there is only limited information on these proteins’ abundance in fish. The aim of this study is to characterise SAA protein levels in salmonids using a newly developed antibody specific to salmonid SAA. The salmonid SAA antibody detected SAA and accurately discriminated between stimulated and control specimens from rainbow trout macrophage cell line (RTS-11) in vitro, as well as rainbow trout challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida- or flagellin-stimulated Atlantic salmon in vivo. The presence of SAA protein was analysed in RTS-11 cell line supernatants, liver, and spleen samples using ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. This study is the first to characterise SAA protein levels in salmonids in vivo and in vitro. The newly developed salmonid SAA antibody was able to discriminate between stimulated and unstimulated specimens, showing that it can be used to study the acute-phase response in salmonids with the potential to be further developed into assays to monitor and evaluate health in wild and farmed fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Fish Health)
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13 pages, 1732 KiB  
Article
Telomerase Activity in Somatic Tissues and Ovaries of Diploid and Triploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Females
by Ligia Panasiak, Marcin Kuciński, Piotr Hliwa, Konrad Pomianowski and Konrad Ocalewicz
Cells 2023, 12(13), 1772; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12131772 - 4 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
Telomerase activity has been found in the somatic tissues of rainbow trout. The enzyme is essential for maintaining telomere length but also assures homeostasis of the fish organs, playing an important role during tissue regeneration. The unique morphological and physiological characteristics of triploid [...] Read more.
Telomerase activity has been found in the somatic tissues of rainbow trout. The enzyme is essential for maintaining telomere length but also assures homeostasis of the fish organs, playing an important role during tissue regeneration. The unique morphological and physiological characteristics of triploid rainbow trout, when compared to diploid specimens, make them a promising model for studies concerning telomerase activity. Thus, in this study, we examined the expression of the Tert gene in various organs of subadult and adult diploid and triploid rainbow trout females. Upregulated Tert mRNA transcription was observed in all the examined somatic tissues sampled from the triploid fish when compared to diploid individuals. Contrastingly, Tert expression in the ovaries was significantly decreased in the triploid specimens. Within the diploids, the highest expression of Tert was observed in the liver and in the ovaries of the subadult individuals. In the triploids, Tert expression was increased in the somatic tissues, while the ovaries exhibited lower activity of telomerase compared to other organs and decreased compared to the ovaries in the diploids. The ovaries of triploid individuals were underdeveloped, consisting of only a few oocytes. The lack of germ cells, which are usually characterized by high Tert expression, might be responsible for the decrease in telomerase activity in the triploid ovaries. The increase in Tert expression in triploid somatic tissues suggests that they require higher telomerase activity to cope with environmental stress and maintain internal homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Fish Health)
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16 pages, 5067 KiB  
Article
Validation and Functional Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, under Starvation and Hypothermia Stress
by Miaomiao Xue, Haibo Wen, Pao Xu, Jianxiang Chen, Qingyong Wang, Yongkai Tang, Xueyan Ma, Guohua Lv, Hongxia Li and Changyou Song
Cells 2023, 12(9), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12091328 - 6 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
Adipose tissue is critical to the growth, development, and physiological health of animals. Reference genes play an essential role in normalizing the expression of mRNAs. Tissue-specific genes are preferred for their function and expression in specific tissues or cell types. Identification of these [...] Read more.
Adipose tissue is critical to the growth, development, and physiological health of animals. Reference genes play an essential role in normalizing the expression of mRNAs. Tissue-specific genes are preferred for their function and expression in specific tissues or cell types. Identification of these genes contributes to understanding the tissue–gene relationship and the etiology and discovery of new tissue-specific targets. Therefore, reference genes and tissue-specific genes in the adipose tissue of Aplodinotus grunniens were identified to explore their function under exogenous starvation (1 d, 2 w, 6 w) and hypothermic stress (18 °C and 10 °C for 2 d and 8 d) in this study. Results suggest that 60SRP was the most stable reference gene in adipose tissue. Meanwhile, eight genes were validated as tissue-specific candidates from the high-throughput sequencing database, while seven of them (ADM2, β2GP1, CAMK1G, CIDE3, FAM213A, HSL, KRT222, and NCEH1) were confirmed in adipose tissue. Additionally, these seven tissue-specific genes were active in response to starvation and hypothermic stress in a time- or temperature-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that adipose-specific genes can be identified using stable internal reference genes, thereby identifying specific important functions under starvation and hypothermic stress, which provides tissue-specific targets for adipose regulation in A. grunniens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Fish Health)
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