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Cells
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microRNA as Biomarker II
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microRNA as Biomarker II

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Nuclei: Function, Transport and Receptors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2024) | Viewed by 14357

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Y-h. Taguchi

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Interests: bioinformatics; tensor decomposition; feature selection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hsiuying Wang

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Guest Editor
Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
Interests: anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis; microRNA; molecular biomarkers; phylogenetic analysis; bioinformatics; industry statistics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are thousands of microRNAs, thus individual microRNAs can be used as biomarkers. In particular, since the so-called circulating microRNAs reflect the whole body’s status and can be analyzed by relatively noninvasive methods, they can be used as biomarkers of various diseases, of the progression of biological processes, e.g., differentiation and development, and even as prognostic factors. microRNAs can be conserved between not-so-closely related species, e.g., humans and mice. Thus, investigations to identify individual microRNAs that are conserved and therefore represent biomarkers might help us understand the differences between species. All kinds of studies related to microRNA as biomarkers are of interest to this Special Issue. 

Prof. Dr. Y-h. Taguchi
Prof. Dr. Hsiuying Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • disease biomarker
  • circulating miRNA
  • saliva miRNA
  • urine miRNA
  • blood miRNA
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • cancer biomarker
  • health check
  • diagnose
  • cardiovascular disorders
  • diabetes aheade sick
  • exosome miRNA
  • aberrant miRNA expression

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 3066 KiB  
Article
Intrahippocampal Inoculation of Aβ1–42 Peptide in Rat as a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Identified MicroRNA-146a-5p as Blood Marker with Anti-Inflammatory Function in Astrocyte Cells
by Ruth Aquino, Vidian de Concini, Marc Dhenain, Suzanne Lam, David Gosset, Laura Baquedano, Manuel G. Forero, Arnaud Menuet, Patrick Baril and Chantal Pichon
Cells 2023, 12(5), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12050694 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2785
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have aroused a lot of interest as reliable blood diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the panel of expressed blood miRNAs in response to aggregated Aβ1–42 peptides infused in the hippocampus of adult rats to mimic [...] Read more.
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have aroused a lot of interest as reliable blood diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the panel of expressed blood miRNAs in response to aggregated Aβ1–42 peptides infused in the hippocampus of adult rats to mimic events of the early onset of non-familial AD disorder. Aβ1–42 peptides in the hippocampus led to cognitive impairments associated with an astrogliosis and downregulation of circulating miRNA-146a-5p, -29a-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-5p, and-191-5p. We established the kinetics of expression of selected miRNAs and found differences with those detected in the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model. Of note, miRNA-146a-5p was exclusively dysregulated in the Aβ-induced AD model. The treatment of primary astrocytes with Aβ1–42 peptides led to miRNA-146a-5p upregulation though the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn downregulated IRAK-1 but not TRAF-6 expression. As a consequence, no induction of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α was detected. Astrocytes treated with a miRNA-146-5p inhibitor rescued IRAK-1 and changed TRAF-6 steady-state levels that correlated with the induction of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL1 production, indicating that miRNA-146a-5p operates anti-inflammatory functions through a NF-κB pathway negative feedback loop. Overall, we report a panel of circulating miRNAs that correlated with Aβ1–42 peptides’ presence in the hippocampus and provide mechanistic insights into miRNA-146a-5p biological function in the development of the early stage of sporadic AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue microRNA as Biomarker II)
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20 pages, 4801 KiB  
Article
Dual Effects of miR-181b-2-3p/SOX21 Interaction on Microglia and Neural Stem Cells after Gamma Irradiation
by Hong Wang, Zhao-Wu Ma, Feng-Ming Ho, Gautam Sethi and Feng Ru Tang
Cells 2023, 12(4), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040649 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1919
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces brain inflammation and the impairment of neurogenesis by activating microglia and inducing apoptosis in neurogenic zones. However, the causal relationship between microglial activation and the impairment of neurogenesis as well as the relevant molecular mechanisms involved in microRNA (miR) remain [...] Read more.
Ionizing radiation induces brain inflammation and the impairment of neurogenesis by activating microglia and inducing apoptosis in neurogenic zones. However, the causal relationship between microglial activation and the impairment of neurogenesis as well as the relevant molecular mechanisms involved in microRNA (miR) remain unknown. In the present study, we employed immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR to study the microglial activation and miRNA expression in mouse brains. Real-time RT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay were used in BV2 and mouse neural stem cells (NSCs). In the mouse model, we found the acute activation of microglia at 1 day and an increased number of microglial cells at 1, 7 and 120 days after irradiation at postnatal day 3 (P3), day 10 (P10) and day 21 (P21), respectively. In cell models, the activation of BV2, a type of microglial cell line, was observed after gamma irradiation. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a deceased expression of miR-181b-2-3p and an increased expression of its target SRY-related high-mobility group box transcription factor 21 (SOX21) in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The results of the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SOX21 was the target of miR-181b-2-3p. Furthermore, SOX21 knockdown by siRNA inhibited the activation of microglia, thereby suggesting that the direct interaction of 181b-2-3p with SOX21 might be involved in radiation-induced microglial activation and proliferation. Interestingly, the gamma irradiation of NSCs increased miR-181b-2-3p expression but decreased SOX21 mRNA, which was the opposite of irradiation-induced expression in BV2 cells. As irradiation reduced the viability and proliferation of NSCs, whereas the overexpression of SOX21 restored the impaired cell viability and promoted the proliferation of NSCs, the findings suggest that the radiation-induced interaction of miR-181b-2-3p with SOX21 may play dual roles in microglia and NSCs, respectively, leading to the impairment of brain neurogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue microRNA as Biomarker II)
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Review

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18 pages, 662 KiB  
Review
A Review of Nanotechnology in microRNA Detection and Drug Delivery
by Hsiuying Wang
Cells 2024, 13(15), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151277 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2766
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Dysfunction in miRNAs can lead to various diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. To date, approximately 2000 miRNAs have been identified in humans. These small molecules [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Dysfunction in miRNAs can lead to various diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. To date, approximately 2000 miRNAs have been identified in humans. These small molecules have shown promise as disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, identifying miRNA biomarkers for diseases and developing effective miRNA drug delivery systems are essential. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches to addressing scientific and medical challenges. Traditional miRNA detection methods include next-generation sequencing, microarrays, Northern blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Nanotechnology can serve as an effective alternative to Northern blotting and RT-qPCR for miRNA detection. Moreover, nanomaterials exhibit unique properties that differ from larger counterparts, enabling miRNA therapeutics to more effectively enter target cells, reduce degradation in the bloodstream, and be released in specific tissues or cells. This paper reviews the application of nanotechnology in miRNA detection and drug delivery systems. Given that miRNA therapeutics are still in the developing stages, nanotechnology holds great promise for accelerating miRNA therapeutics development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue microRNA as Biomarker II)
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19 pages, 1699 KiB  
Review
Illuminating the Molecular Intricacies of Exosomes and ncRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Prospective Therapeutic and Biomarker Potential
by Farheen Badrealam Khan, Shahab Uddin, Abozer Y. Elderdery, Khang Wen Goh, Long Chiau Ming, Chrismawan Ardianto, Abdul Rasheed Palakot, Irfa Anwar, Mohsina Khan, Mohammad Owais, Chih-Yang Huang, Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam, Meraj Alam Khan, Shoaib Shoaib, Md Khursheed, Sara Reshadat, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Sameer Mirza, Abbas A. Khaleel and Mohammed Akli Ayoub
Cells 2022, 11(22), 3664; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223664 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2522
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Accumulating evidences have highlighted the importance of exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cardiac physiology and pathology. It is in general consensus that exosomes and ncRNAs play a crucial role in [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Accumulating evidences have highlighted the importance of exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cardiac physiology and pathology. It is in general consensus that exosomes and ncRNAs play a crucial role in the maintenance of normal cellular function; and interestingly it is envisaged that their potential as prospective therapeutic candidates and biomarkers are increasing rapidly. Considering all these aspects, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent understanding of exosomes and ncRNAs in CVDs. We provide a great deal of discussion regarding their role in the cardiovascular system, together with providing a glimpse of ideas regarding strategies exploited to harness their potential as a therapeutic intervention and prospective biomarker against CVDs. Thus, it could be envisaged that a thorough understanding of the intricacies related to exosomes and ncRNA would seemingly allow their full exploration and may lead clinical settings to become a reality in near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue microRNA as Biomarker II)
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13 pages, 1468 KiB  
Review
MicroRNAs as Potential Tools for Predicting Cancer Patients’ Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination Response
by Tânia R. Dias, Francisca Dias, Ana Luísa Teixeira, Hugo Sousa, Júlio Oliveira and Rui Medeiros
Cells 2022, 11(15), 2279; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11152279 - 23 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3001
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is caused by a highly contagious and severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infection started to spread across the world in 2019 and rapidly turned into a global pandemic, causing an urgent necessity for [...] Read more.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is caused by a highly contagious and severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infection started to spread across the world in 2019 and rapidly turned into a global pandemic, causing an urgent necessity for treatment strategies development. The mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an immune response, providing genetic information that allows the production of spike glycoproteins. MiRNAs play a crucial role in diverse key cellular processes, including antiviral defense. Several miRNAs are described as key factors in SARS-CoV-2 human infection through the regulation of ACE2 levels and by the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and spike expression. Consequently, these molecules have been considered as highly promising biomarkers. In numerous human malignancies, it has been recognized that miRNAs expression is dysregulated. Since miRNAs can target SARS-CoV-2-associated mRNAs, in cancer patients, the deregulation of these molecules can impair the immune response to the vaccines. Therefore, in this review, we propose a miRNA profile of seven SARS-CoV-2-related miRNAs, namely miR-214, miR-98-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-15b-5p, that are deregulated in a high number of cancers and have the potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers to stratify cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue microRNA as Biomarker II)
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