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Children
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Advances in Research on Childhood Immune and Allergic Diseases
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Advances in Research on Childhood Immune and Allergic Diseases

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Allergy and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 1259

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Pneumonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
Interests: inborn errors of immunity; immune dysregulation; immunogenetics; syndromic immunodeficiencies; atopy; organ-specific immunopathology
Dr. Paulina Sobkowiak

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Pneumonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
Interests: atopy; asthma; alimentary allergy; atopic dermatitis; inflammatory cytokines; immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Childhood immune diseases comprise a wide range of conditions, including inborn errors of immunity, and allergic, immune dysregulation, autoinflammatory, autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders as well as organ-specific immunopathology. Attempts are being made to identify the prognosis, patterns, severity scale of outcomes, and the global social and psychological burden of inborn errors of immunity and allergic diseases among pediatric patients. Significant progress has been made recently in uncovering the genetic, molecular, immunological and environmental underpinnings of childhood immune and allergic diseases. These discoveries have contributed to elucidating the phenotype–genotype correlations and clinical manifestation heterogeneity, defining and delineating disease entities, and paving the way to elaborate targeted immunotherapy. The aim of this Special Issue is to better understand the immunogenetic background and clinico-pathological interconnections of childhood immune and allergic diseases. The thematic scope of articles will encompass the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these disorders.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are particularly welcome. Instructive case reports on unusual immune and allergic conditions in children are also accepted.

Dr. Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk
Dr. Paulina Sobkowiak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • asthma
  • atopy
  • autoimmunity
  • autoinflammation
  • immune dysregulation
  • immunosuppression
  • immunotherapy
  • inborn errors of immunity
  • lymphoproliferation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 4195 KiB  
Article
Down Syndrome in Children: A Primary Immunodeficiency with Immune Dysregulation
by Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk, Natalia Popłonyk and Karina Awdi
Children 2024, 11(10), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101251 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1076
Abstract
Background: The multisystemic features of Down syndrome (DS) in children are accompanied by immunodeficiency, making them susceptible to infections and immune dysregulation with autoimmune, allergic, inflammatory, and hematological complications. This study was aimed at a better understanding of the abnormalities within the B [...] Read more.
Background: The multisystemic features of Down syndrome (DS) in children are accompanied by immunodeficiency, making them susceptible to infections and immune dysregulation with autoimmune, allergic, inflammatory, and hematological complications. This study was aimed at a better understanding of the abnormalities within the B and T cell compartments and their correlations with clinical immunophenotypes. Methods: Medical records of 35 DS children were retrospectively reviewed, referring to clinical symptomatology including history of infections, immune dysregulation disorders, and humoral and cellular immune response. Results: While the etiology of respiratory tract infections included typical viral and bacterial pathogens, SARS-CoV2-induced inflammatory disease and syndromic immunodeficiency contributed significantly to the deterioration of the clinical course. Allergic diseases in the form of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and alimentary allergy were the most frequent manifestations of immune dysregulation and were followed by autoimmune disorders, such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and alopecia, as well as inflammatory disorders, balanitis xerotica obliterans and lymphadenopathy, and a hematological disorder of myelopoiesis. Deficiency of serum immunoglobulin levels, reduced numbers of naïve B cells, and non-switched memory B cells along with low naïve T helper cells and significantly reduced regulatory T helper cells were the most prominent immune abnormalities. Conclusions: The loss of naïveté in B and T lymphocyte compartments with a deficiency of regulatory T cells may be underpinning pathomechanisms for the skewed immune response. The clinical immunophenotype in DS is complex and represents syndromic primary immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Childhood Immune and Allergic Diseases)
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