Early Detection, Diagnosis, Psychological and Cognitive Assessment and Intervention in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Neurology & Neurodevelopmental Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2024) | Viewed by 5444

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez Avenue 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: neurodevelopmental disorders; autism spectrum disorders ASD detection; ASD diagnosis; ASD early intervention; etiology of nerodevelopmental disorders; epidemiology of neurodevelopmental disorders
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Guest Editor
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Interests: developmental delay; autism spectrum disorders; early intervention; training of parents and caregivers; screening tools

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, Paseo Comendadores s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
Interests: blended learning; metacognition; artificial intelligence and child health; data mining; early care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodevelopmental disorders are disturbances in the developmental processes of the central nervous system during gestation or early life that may affect the processes of acquisition, retention or application of specific skills or sets of information. They consist of alterations in attention, memory, perception, executive functions in general or in a specific case, and as a consequence affect the development of language, problem solving or social interaction among other human functions. These impairments can condition the development of the individual and be significant throughout life. Their aetiology is multi-causal, with an important genetic basis being recognised and the involvement of one or more environmental factors being necessary to explain them. Neurodevelopmental disorders are highly prevalent, the most frequent being autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability (ID), language and communication disorders, among others. One of the problems we encounter is the high rate of comorbidity between different neurodevelopmental disorders and symptomatological concurrence. 

In the DSM 5 TR (American Psychiatry Association, 2022), it is considered that the symptoms of these disorders should present at an early age and, consequently, if identified, early intervention can be taken to reduce symptoms in adulthood. At the time of intervention, for the reasons outlined above, a transdiagnostic approach is necessary to focus intervention on the fundamental and common axes in many cases of the development of the specific disorder. The transdiagnostic approach to neurodevelopmental disorders is an innovative and current approach within child psychology and psychiatry. It represents a comprehensive response to the most frequent psychological difficulties and disorders; and its validity and scientific efficacy make it a valuable line of research and psychoeducational intervention. Transdiagnostic intervention requires a psychological assessment that goes beyond the symptomatology usually used for diagnosis. In this Special Issue, we invite professionals and researchers to propose a transdiagnostic approach to the detection, diagnosis or intervention of any form of neurodevelopmental disorder. We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Francisco Alcantud-Marín
Prof. Dr. Yurena Alonso-Esteban
Prof. Dr. María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • transdiagnostic intervention
  • psychoeducational assessment
  • performance assessment
  • autism spectrum disorders
  • attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders
  • intellectual disability

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 6678 KiB  
Article
Executive Functions Assessment in a Child with Autism: A Pilot Single-Case Study from a Longitudinal and Mixed Methods Approach
by Marian Acero-Ferrero and Elena Escolano-Pérez
Children 2024, 11(12), 1468; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121468 (registering DOI) - 30 Nov 2024
Abstract
Although the literature confirms executive deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that hinder adaptation, evidence-based intervention programs targeting this area are scarce, and even fewer have evaluated their effectiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to assess a pilot program designed to improve [...] Read more.
Although the literature confirms executive deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that hinder adaptation, evidence-based intervention programs targeting this area are scarce, and even fewer have evaluated their effectiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to assess a pilot program designed to improve the executive functions of a child five years and nine months in age with ASD. Methods: To evaluate the effects of the intervention, observational methodology was used, which is considered a mixed method in itself as it integrates both qualitative and quantitative elements in its various phases. Specifically, an idiographic, longitudinal, and multidimensional design was followed. A lag sequential analysis was conducted using GSEQ software Version 5.1, enabling us to study changes in the executive functions of a child before, during, and after the intervention, including whether its effects are sustained over time. Results: The sequential patterns obtained indicate more appropriate and complex executive functioning after the three-month intervention, specifically increased cognitive flexibility, improved self-regulation, more accurate evaluation, and progress in inhibitory processes. However, these improvements do not persist over time. Conclusion: This study contributes to the scarcely explored field of executive function interventions in children with ASD, although it is necessary to consider the generalization of the results to other contexts, such as family and school, during interaction with peers. Full article
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25 pages, 1550 KiB  
Article
“It Seems Much More Enjoyable Now”: Parental Perception of Relational Change from Participating in Paediatric Autism Communication Therapy (PACT)
by Charlotte Engberg Conrad, Rikke Jørgensen, Cecilie Amstrup, Tine Ellitsgaard Gottschau, Per Hove Thomsen and Marlene Briciet Lauritsen
Children 2024, 11(7), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070838 - 10 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Objectives: This qualitative study aims to examine parental experiences of feasibility and relational changes from participating in the Paediatric Autism Communication Therapy (PACT) intervention. Methods: Thirteen parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (mean age 3.89 years) participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic [...] Read more.
Objectives: This qualitative study aims to examine parental experiences of feasibility and relational changes from participating in the Paediatric Autism Communication Therapy (PACT) intervention. Methods: Thirteen parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (mean age 3.89 years) participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed, inspired by an abductive approach informed by the theories of the attachment system, the caregiving system and mentalisation. Results: Three overarching themes were identified: the struggle of fitting PACT into everyday life, the fruit of relational connection and the cascading relational effects of PACT. Parents were challenged regarding finding time for the intervention but adapted PACT to their individual needs and possibilities. All parents experienced relational improvement, and a cycle of positive relational change through PACT was identified. Conclusions: This study has several clinical implications. Therapists and clinics offering PACT interventions should encourage and support parents in their individual journey of implementing PACT into their everyday lives. Some of the parents described improvements in parental mentalisation, child attachment and mutual enjoyment in the parent–child relationship. Children with autism could benefit from parents increasing their sensitivity when caregiving, and clinicians may through interventions such as PACT facilitate this development. Full article
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11 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Movement Assessment Battery Second Edition (M-ABC2): A Cross-Sectional Study
by Eleonora Scarfò, Michela Ranucci, Anna Berardi, Rachele Simeon and Giovanni Galeoto
Children 2024, 11(5), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050555 - 5 May 2024
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Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the psychometric properties of the movement assessment battery for children second edition (M-ABC2) in Italian children with typical development, focusing on reliability and percentile rank establishment. The M-ABC2 is widely utilized but lacks validation in Italian populations. One hundred [...] Read more.
This cross-sectional study assessed the psychometric properties of the movement assessment battery for children second edition (M-ABC2) in Italian children with typical development, focusing on reliability and percentile rank establishment. The M-ABC2 is widely utilized but lacks validation in Italian populations. One hundred and eight children were recruited. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), indicating good to excellent reliability across age groups, albeit with outliers requiring further scrutiny. Standard scores and percentile ranks were established, revealing age-related variations in motor performance. Noteworthy differences in completion times and error rates were observed among the age groups, highlighting the dynamic nature of motor development. While the findings provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers, limitations such as sample size and geographic representation should be addressed in future studies. This study underscores the importance of employing reliable assessment tools for comprehensive understanding and effective intervention in pediatric motor development. Full article

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16 pages, 1112 KiB  
Systematic Review
Contributions of Artificial Intelligence to Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
by Pau Climent-Pérez, Agustín Ernesto Martínez-González and Pedro Andreo-Martínez
Children 2024, 11(8), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11080931 - 31 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiology is not known today, but everything indicates that it is multifactorial. For example, genetic and epigenetic factors seem to be involved in the etiology of ASD. In recent years, there [...] Read more.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiology is not known today, but everything indicates that it is multifactorial. For example, genetic and epigenetic factors seem to be involved in the etiology of ASD. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) on the behavior of children with ASD given that dysbiosis in GM may trigger the onset, development and progression of ASD through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. At the same time, significant progress has occurred in the development of artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of articles using AI to analyze GM in individuals with ASD. In line with the PRISMA model, 12 articles using AI to analyze GM in ASD were selected. Results: Outcomes reveal that the majority of relevant studies on this topic have been conducted in China (33.3%) and Italy (25%), followed by the Netherlands (16.6%), Mexico (16.6%) and South Korea (8.3%). Conclusions: The bacteria Bifidobacterium is the most relevant biomarker with regard to ASD. Although AI provides a very promising approach to data analysis, caution is needed to avoid the over-interpretation of preliminary findings. A first step must be taken to analyze GM in a representative general population and ASD samples in order to obtain a GM standard according to age, sex and country. Thus, more work is required to bridge the gap between AI in mental health research and clinical care in ASD. Full article
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