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Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings

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A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactive Coatings and Biointerfaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 18786

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shang Wang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: printing electronics; flexible devices; zinc-ion batteries; nanomaterials

Dr. Qing Sun

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: carbon; silicon anode; energy storage materials; lithium-ion batteries; nanomaterials

Dr. Chenyu Liu

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: nanomaterials; bio-coating materials; adsorbent; self-assembly; mesoporous materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The surface coating of functional materials can effectively improve their physical and chemical properties, especially those of electrode materials and biomaterials, for which the diverse requirements for functions and performances provide an unprecedented opportunity for coating modification strategies. Strategies for coating the surface of electrode materials can enhance their mechanical properties, electronic, and ionic conductivities and reduce interfacial side reactions. Ceramics, metals, metal oxides, graphene, and conductive polymers have shown tremendous advantages as electrode material coatings for application-oriented different scenarios. For biomedical materials, appropriate functional coating strategies can effectively improve the efficiency, facilitate tissue repair, and protect biological tissues. Chitosan, hyaluronic acid, lignin, polylactic acid, polyetheretherketone, polyethylene terephthalate, and sodium alginate have shown potential applications as bio-coatings in different scenarios. Recent developments, including first-principles and finite element calculations, have provided even more possibilities for biomaterial coating.

In terms of the electrode and biomaterial coating modifications, theoretical and experimental developments on synthesis and characterization allow researchers to fundamentally enhance the performance of materials. This Special Issue will serve as a platform for our colleagues to communicate on the following topics, among others:

Latest developments in advanced coating materials and coating strategies.
Applications including CVD, electrochemical coating, hydrolytic coating, ALD coating, etc., in traditional and new battery systems.
Inhibition of harmful surface side effects by coating on electrode materials.
Understanding of the internal mechanism of coating improvement on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of electrodes.
Flexible electrodes and coating techniques for plant or human wearable systems.
The growth and preparation of advanced coating materials, as well as their processing, fabrication, bonding, and encapsulation related to the application in microelectronic devices, circuits, and systems.
Strategies and applications of functional bioprotective and restorative coating materials.
Reliable prediction of coating strategies based on first-principles calculations and finite element methods.

Dr. Shang Wang
Dr. Qing Sun
Dr. Chenyu Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

electrode coatings
coating protection
surface modification
wearable systems
advanced electronic packaging

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 144 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue “Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings”

by Chenyu Liu, Qing Sun and Shang Wang

Coatings 2024, 14(10), 1276; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14101276 - 7 Oct 2024

Viewed by 859

Abstract

Functional materials are extensively employed across diverse domains, including energy storage systems [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

21 pages, 8106 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Characterization of Titania-Coated Hollow Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite Composites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Red Dye in Water

by Farishta Shafiq, Simiao Yu, Yongxin Pan and Weihong Qiao

Coatings 2024, 14(8), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14080921 - 23 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 857

Abstract

Hollow mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HM-HAP) composites coated with titania are prepared to increase the stability and catalytic performance of titania for azo dyes present in the wastewater system. In this work, HM-HAP particles were first synthesized by a hydrothermal method utilizing the CaCO₃ core as a template and then coated with titania to form TiO₂/HM-HAP composites. Utilizing SEM, XRD, XPS, BET, FTIR, EDS, UV–vis DRS spectroscopy, and point of zero charge (PZC) analysis, the coating morphological and physicochemical parameters of the produced samples were analyzed. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized coated composites was assessed by the degradation of methyl red (MR) dye in water. The results indicated that TiO₂/HM-HAP particles could efficiently photodegrade MR dye in water under UV irradiation. The 20% TiO₂/HM-HAP coating exhibited high catalytic performance, and the degradation process was followed by the pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.033. The effect of pH on the degradation process was also evaluated, and the maximum degradation was observed at pH 6. The analysis of degraded MR dye products was investigated using LC-MS and FTIR analysis. Finally, a good support material, HM-HAP for TiO₂ coatings, which provides a large number of active adsorption sites and has catalytic degradation performance for MR dye, was revealed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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9 pages, 2561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Adsorption Kinetics Study of Hg⁰ Removal from Flue Gas by Silver-Loaded Rice Husk Gasification Char

by Ru Yang, Yongfa Diao, Hongbin Liu and Yihang Lu

Coatings 2024, 14(7), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14070797 - 26 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1095

Abstract

Coal holds a significant position in China’s energy consumption structure. However, the release of Hg⁰ during coal combustion poses a serious threat to human health. Traditional activated carbon for Hg⁰ removal is expensive; finding efficient, inexpensive and renewable adsorbents for Hg⁰ removal has become a top priority. Rice husk gasification char (RHGC) is a solid waste generated by biomass gasification power generation, which, loaded with silver to remove Hg⁰, could achieve the purpose of waste treatment. This paper examines the Hg⁰ removal performance of silver-loaded rice husk gasification char (SRHGC) under different operating conditions through experimental analysis. This study employed quasi-first-order, quasi-second-order, and internal diffusion kinetics adsorption equations to model the amount of Hg⁰ removed by SRHGC at different temperatures, thereby inferring the reaction mechanism. The results indicate that Hg⁰ removal efficiency of SRHGC increased by about 80%. The Hg⁰ removal ability was directly related to silver load, and the amount of Hg⁰ removed by SRHGC did not a exhibit a simple inverse relationship with particle size. Additionally, the Hg⁰ removal efficiency of SRHGC declined with increasing adsorption temperature. The removal of Hg⁰ by SRHGC conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation, with the adsorption rate constant decreasing as the temperature rose, consistent with experimental observations. This paper provides both experimental and theoretical references for future modification and optimization of RHGC for coal-fired flue gas treatment, and also offers valuable insights into Hg⁰ removal by carbon-based adsorbents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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10 pages, 5978 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Manufacturing Method for High-Reliability Multilayer Flexible Electronics by Electrohydrodynamic Printing

by Geng Li, Shang Wang, Jiayue Wen, Shujun Wang, Yuxin Sun, Jiayun Feng and Yanhong Tian

Coatings 2024, 14(5), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050625 - 15 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1176

Abstract

To meet the demand for higher performance and wearability, integrated circuits are developing towards having multilayered structures and greater flexibility. However, traditional circuit fabrication methods using etching and lamination processes are not compatible with flexible substrates. As a non-contact printing method in additive manufacturing, electrohydrodynamic printing possesses advantages such as environmental friendliness, sub-micron manufacturing, and the capability for flexible substrates. However, the interconnection and insulation of different conductive layers become significant challenges. This study took composite silver ink as a conductive material to fabricate a circuit via electrohydrodynamic printing, applied polyimide spraying to achieve interlayer insulation, and drilled micro through-holes to achieve interlayer interconnection. A 200 × 200 mm² ten-layer flexible circuit was thus prepared. Furthermore, we combined a finite element simulation with reliability experiments, and the prepared ten-layer circuit was found to have excellent bending resistance and thermal cycling stability. This study provides a new method for the manufacturing of low-cost, large-sized, multilayer flexible circuits, which can improve circuit performance and boost the development of printed electronics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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18 pages, 7999 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Electronic and Electrical Properties of Island-Type Hybrid Structures Based on Bi-Layer Graphene and Chiral Nanotubes: Predictive Analysis by Quantum Simulation Methods

by Michael M. Slepchenkov, Pavel V. Barkov and Olga E. Glukhova

Coatings 2023, 13(5), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050966 - 22 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1468

Abstract

Hybrid structures based on graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most relevant modern nanomaterials for applications in various fields, including electronics. The variety of topological architectures of graphene/CNT hybrids requires a preliminary study of their physical properties by in silico methods. This paper is devoted to the study of the electronic and electrical properties of graphene/CNT hybrid 2D structures with an island topology using the self-consistent charge density functional-based tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) formalism and the Landauer–Buttiker formalism. The island-type topology is understood as the atomic configuration of a graphene/CNT hybrid film, in which the structural fragments of graphene and nanotubes form “islands” (regions of the atomic structure) with an increased density of carbon atoms. The island-type graphene/CNT hybrid structures are formed by AB-stacked bilayer graphene and (6,3)/(12,8) chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The bilayer graphene is located above the nanotube perpendicular to its axis. Based on the binding energy calculations, it is found that the atomistic models of the studied graphene/SWCNT hybrid structures are thermodynamically stable. The peculiarities of the band structure of graphene/SWCNT (6,3) and graphene/SWCNT (12,8) hybrid structures are analyzed. It is shown that the electronic properties of graphene/SWCNT hybrid structures are sensitive to the orientation and size of the graphene layers with respect to the nanotube surface. It is found that an energy gap of ~0.1 eV opens in the band structure of only the graphene/SWCNT (6,3) hybrid structure, in which the graphene layers of the same length are arranged horizontally above the nanotube surface. We revealed the electrical conductivity anisotropy for all considered atomistic models of the graphene/SWCNT (12,8) hybrid structure when bilayer graphene sheets with different sizes along the zigzag and armchair directions are located at an angle with respect to the nanotube surface. The obtained knowledge is important to evaluate the prospects for the potential application of the considered atomic configurations of graphene/SWCNT hybrid structures with island-type topology as connecting conductors and electrodes in electronic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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9 pages, 1520 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Gas Response Performance Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/SnO₂ Nanowires Heterostructure for Triethylamine Detection

by Ruiqin Peng, Xuzhen Zhuang, Yuanyuan Li, Zhiguo Yu and Lijie Ci

Coatings 2023, 13(5), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050849 - 29 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1486

Abstract

SnO₂ nanowires are locally synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method and its growth mechanism is confirmed. Here, we present a simple strategy for realizing reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/SnO₂ nanowires heterostructure. As expected, the heterostructure gas-sensing response is up to 63.3 when the gas concentration of trimethylamine (TEA) is 50 ppm, and it exhibits an excellent dynamic response with high stability at 180 °C. A low detection limit of 50 ppb level is fully realized. Compared to SnO₂ nanowires, the sensing performance of the RGO/SnO₂ heterostructure-based sensor is greatly enhanced, which can be ascribed to the RGO and the heterostructure. The RGO/SnO₂ composite engineering poses an easy way to make full use of the advantages originating from RGO and heterostructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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11 pages, 5881 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Study on the Solder Joint Reliability of New Diamond Chip Resistors for Power Devices

by Wenyu Wu, Geng Li, Shang Wang, Yiping Wang, Jiayun Feng, Xiaowei Sun and Yanhong Tian

Coatings 2023, 13(4), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040748 - 7 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1609

Abstract

New diamond chip resistors have been used in high-power devices widely due to excellent heat dissipation and high-frequency performance. However, systematic research about their solder joint reliability is rare. In this paper, a related study was conducted by combining methods between numerical analysis and laboratory reliability tests. In detail, the shape simulation and thermal cycling finite element simulation for solder joints with different volumes were carried out. The optimized solder volume was 0.05 mm³, and the maximum thermal cycling stress under the optimized shape was 38.9 MPa. In addition, the thermal cycling tests with current and high temperature storage tests were carried out for the optimized solder joint, which showed good agreement with the simulation results, clarified the growth and evolution law of intermetallic compound at the interconnection interface, and proved the optimized solder joint had great anti-electromigration, temperature cycling and high temperature storage reliability. In this work, an optimized solder joint structure of a diamond chip resistor with high reliability was finally obtained, as well as providing considerable reliability data for the new type of diamond chip resistors, which would boost the development of power devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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11 pages, 3789 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Single-Layer MoS₂: A Two-Dimensional Material with Negative Poisson’s Ratio

by Yucheng Zhu, Xiaofei Cao, Yuan Tan, Yao Wang, Jun Hu, Baotong Li and Zhong Chen

Coatings 2023, 13(2), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020283 - 26 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3054

Abstract

Negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) materials have broad applications such as heat dissipation, vibration damping, and energy absorption because of their designability, lightweight quality, and high strength ratio. Here, we use first-principles calculations to find a two-dimensional (2D) auxetic material (space group R [...] Read more.

\bar{3}

m), which exhibits a maximum in-plane NPR of −0.0846 and a relatively low Young’s modulus in the planar directions. Calculations show that the NPR is mainly related to its unique zigzag structure and the strong interaction between the 4d orbital of Mo and the 3p orbital of S. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the structure of this material is thermodynamically stable. Our study reveals that this layered MoS₂ can be a promising 2D NPR material for nanodevice applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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10 pages, 6308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diatomite and Glucose Bioresources Jointly Synthesizing Anode/Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

by Yun Chen, Bo Jiang, Yue Zhao, Hongbin Liu and Tingli Ma

Coatings 2023, 13(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010146 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Large-scale popularization and application make the role of lithium-ion batteries increasingly prominent and the requirements for energy density have increased significantly. The silicon-based material has ultra-high specific capacity, which is expected in the construction of next-generation high specific-energy batteries. In order to improve conductivity and maintain structural stability of the silicon anode in application, and further improve the energy density of the lithium-ion battery, we designed and synthesized carbon-coated porous silicon structures using diatomite and polysaccharides as raw materials. The electrode materials constructed of diatomite exhibit porous structures, which can provide fast transport channels for lithium ions, and effectively release the stress caused by volume expansion during cycling. At the same time, the electrical conductivity of the materials has been significantly improved by compounding with biomass carbon, so the batteries exhibit stable electrochemical performance. We systematically studied the effect of different contents of biomass carbon on the Li₂MnSiO₄/C cathode, and the results showed that the carbon content of 20% exhibited the best electrochemical performance. At a current density of 0.05C, the capacity close to 150 mAh g⁻¹ can be obtained after 50 cycles, which is more than three times that of without biomass carbon. The silicon-based anode composited with biomass carbon also showed excellent cycle stability; it could still have a specific capacity of 1063 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹. This study sheds light on a way of synthesizing high specific-capacity electrode materials of the lithium-ion battery from natural raw materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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18 pages, 12591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Co-Deposition of Tantalum and Titanium during the Formation of Layered Composite Materials by Magnetron Sputtering

by Elena Olegovna Nasakina, Maria Andreevna Sudarchikova, Konstantin Yurievich Demin, Alexandra Borisovna Mikhailova, Konstantin Vladimirovich Sergienko, Sergey Viktorovich Konushkin, Mikhail Alexandrovich Kaplan, Alexander Sergeevich Baikin, Mikhail Anatolyevich Sevostyanov and Alexei Georgievich Kolmakov

Coatings 2023, 13(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010114 - 7 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2040

Abstract

Composite materials "base–transition layer–surface metal layer (Ta/Ti)" were produced using a complex vacuum technology including magnetron sputtering. The structure (by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry) and mechanical properties were studied. An almost linear increase in the thickness of both the surface and transition layers was observed with increasing deposition time and power; however, the growth of the surface layer slowed down with increasing power above some critical value. The transition zone with the growth of time stopped growing upon reaching about 300 nm and was formed approximately 2 times slower than the surface one (and about 3.5 times slower with power). It was noted that with equal sputtering–deposition parameters, the layer growth rates for tantalum and titanium were the same. In the sample with a Ta surface layer deposited on titanium, a strongly textured complex structure with alpha and beta Ta was observed, which is slightly related to the initial substrate structure and the underlying layer. However, even at small thicknesses of the surface layer, the co-deposition of tantalum and titanium contributes to the formation of a single tantalum phase, alpha. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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13 pages, 5706 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Power Conversion Efficiency with Zinc Oxide as Photoanode and Cyanococcus, Punica granatum L., and Vitis vinifera as Natural Fruit Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

by Ili Salwani Mohamad, Mohd Natashah Norizan, Norsuria Mahmed, Nurnaeimah Jamalullail, Dewi Suriyani Che Halin, Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh, Andrei Victor Sandu, Madalina Simona Baltatu and Petrica Vizureanu

Coatings 2022, 12(11), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111781 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2032

Abstract

Ruthenium N719 is a well-known material used as the dye in commercial dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices. However, it poses risks to human health and the environment over time. On the other hand, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has low electron mobility and high recombination losses when used as a photoanode in this photovoltaic technology device. In addition, using Ruthenium as the dye material harms the environment and human health. As an alternative sensitizer to compensate Ruthenium on two different photoanodes (TiO₂ and ZnO), we constructed DSSC devices in this study using three different natural dyes (blueberry, pomegranate, and black grape). In good agreement with the anthocyanin content in the fruits, black grape, with the highest anthocyanin content (450.3 mg/L) compared to other fruit dyes (blueberry—386.6 mg/L and pomegranate—450.3 mg/L), resulted in the highest energy conversion efficiency (3.63%) for the natural dye-based DSSC. Furthermore, this research proved that the electrical performance of natural dye sensitizer in DSSC applications with a ZnO photoanode is better than using hazardous Ru N719 dye with a TiO₂ photoanode owing to the advantage of high electron mobility in ZnO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Enhancement of Electrode and Biomaterial Coatings)

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