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Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings
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Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Tribology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 14919

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peihu Gao

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
2. Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Centre of Aluminum/Magnesium Light Alloy and Composites, Xi’an 710021, China
Interests: hard coating; surface hardening; coatings and interfaces; structural characterization; mechanical property; tribological behavior
Prof. Dr. Qiaoqin Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
2. Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Centre of Aluminum/Magnesium Light Alloy and Composites, Xi’an 710021, China
Interests: hard coating; surface hardening; coatings and interfaces; structural characterization; mechanical property; tribological behavior; material oxidation behavior
Prof. Dr. Yazhe Xing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi’an 710021, China
Interests: hard coatings; surface hardening; coatings and interfaces; structural characterization; mechanical property; tribological behavior; material oxidation behavior
Prof. Dr. Yongchun Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
2. Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Centre of Aluminum/Magnesium Light Alloy and Composites, Xi’an 710021, China
Interests: hard coatings; surface hardening; coatings and interfaces; structural characterization; mechanical property; tribological behavior; material oxidation behavior

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hard coatings have always attracted a great deal of attention due to their high hardness and well anti-wear properties. They have been widely applied in different fields including aeronautics, transportation and engineering machinery, etc. The mechanical and tribological properties of hard coatings are closely related to their microstructures. This Special Issue aims to present the latest findings and to promote further research in the structural, mechanical and tribological behaviors of hard coatings, including hard materials synthesis, hard coatings deposition, structural analysis, mechanical characterization, and frictional behavior investigations. Full papers, review articles, and communications are all welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Advanced hard materials synthesis and preparation;
  • Hard coatings preparation through electrochemical or electroless methods, spray technologies, thermochemical, CVD and PVD;
  • Advanced characterization in structural analysis;
  • Mechanical properties characterization;
  • Friction and wear behavior of hard coatings in different environments;
  • Advanced hard coatings for applications;
  • Numerical simulations and computational modeling for hard coatings, including FEM/XFEM, MD, MC, DFT, etc.;
  • Industrial case studies.

Prof. Dr. Peihu Gao
Prof. Dr. Qiaoqin Guo
Prof. Dr. Yazhe Xing
Prof. Dr. Yongchun Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hard coatings
  • surface hardening
  • structural characterization
  • coatings and interfaces
  • mechanical property
  • tribological behavior

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 193 KiB  
Editorial
Structural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings
by Peihu Gao, Qiaoqin Guo, Yazhe Xing and Yongchun Guo
Coatings 2023, 13(2), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020325 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
Hard coatings have important protective effects on the surface of engineering parts due to their high hardness and decent anti-wear properties [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)

Research

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16 pages, 5955 KiB  
Article
Influence of Plasma Arc Current and Gas Flow on the Structural and Tribological Properties of TiN Coatings Obtained by Plasma Spraying
by Aidar Kengesbekov
Coatings 2024, 14(11), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14111404 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
This study investigates the development of TiN-based coatings using plasma spraying technology, focusing on how plasma arc current and working gas flow rate affect the coatings’ structural-phase composition and mechanical–tribological properties. The research highlights the potential and effectiveness of plasma spraying for TiN [...] Read more.
This study investigates the development of TiN-based coatings using plasma spraying technology, focusing on how plasma arc current and working gas flow rate affect the coatings’ structural-phase composition and mechanical–tribological properties. The research highlights the potential and effectiveness of plasma spraying for TiN coatings. Results from scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation tests show that the TiN coatings have a dense microstructure with strong adhesion. Tribological testing demonstrated that coatings deposited at a 250 A arc current displayed the lowest coefficient of dry friction and the lowest porosity (2.13%) compared to those deposited at 350 A and 450 A arc currents, which exhibited higher porosity (up to 10.45%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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16 pages, 6235 KiB  
Article
Revealing the Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3-Reinforced FCC-CoCrFeMnNi Matrix Composites Fabricated via Gas Atomization and Spark Plasma Sintering
by Pan Dai, Runjie Chen, Xian Luo, Lin Yang, Lei Wen, Tao Tu, Chen Wang, Wenwen Zhao and Xianghong Lv
Coatings 2024, 14(6), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14060737 - 9 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1027
Abstract
In the present work, novel Al2O3 particles were used to reinforce heterogeneous CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites with nano- (5.0 wt.%) and nano- + micro- (5.0 wt.% + 10.0 wt.%) specimens. Al2O3 particles were fabricated via [...] Read more.
In the present work, novel Al2O3 particles were used to reinforce heterogeneous CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites with nano- (5.0 wt.%) and nano- + micro- (5.0 wt.% + 10.0 wt.%) specimens. Al2O3 particles were fabricated via gas atomization and spark plasma sintering. The microstructure evolution and properties, i.e., density, hardness, and room temperature compression, were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the concentration of the Cr element in the pure CoCrFeMnNi HEA and the HEA matrix composite can be effectively reduced by using a gas-atomized HEA powder as the matrix. The formation of an impurity phase can also be inhibited, while the distribution uniformity of matrix elements can be improved. The composites prepared via gas-atomized powders formed a network microstructure composed of continuous Al2O3-rich regions and isolated Al2O3-poor regions, exhibiting good plasticity and improved density. The relative densities of the pure HEA, nano- (5.0 wt.%), and nano- + micro- (5.0 wt.% + 10.0 wt.%) composites were 98.9%, 97%, and 94.1%, respectively. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the relative densities compared to the values (97.2%, 95.7%, and 93.8%) of the composites prepared via mechanical alloying. In addition, compared to the compressive fracture strains of nano- (5.0 wt.%) and nano- + micro- (5.0 wt.% + 10.0 wt.%) composites based on the mechanically alloyed HEA powder, the values of the nano- (5.0 wt.%) and nano- + micro- (5.0 wt.% + 10.0 wt.%) specimens prepared via gas atomization and spark plasma sintering increased by 80% and 67%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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17 pages, 5986 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Impact of C/Si Ratio on the Friction and Wear Behavior of Si/SiC Coatings Prepared on C/C-SiC Composites by Slurry Reaction Sintering and Chemical Vapor Infiltration
by Daming Zhao, Kaifeng Cheng, Baiyang Chen, Peihu Gao, Qiaoqin Guo, Hao Cheng, Anton Naumov, Qiao Li and Wenjie Kang
Coatings 2024, 14(1), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010108 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1175
Abstract
Carbon/carbon (C/C)-SiC composite materials have a series of outstanding advantages, such as a light weight, resistance to thermal degradation, excellent friction performance, and good stability in complex environments. In order to improve the wear resistance of the C/C-SiC composite matrix, Si/SiC coatings were [...] Read more.
Carbon/carbon (C/C)-SiC composite materials have a series of outstanding advantages, such as a light weight, resistance to thermal degradation, excellent friction performance, and good stability in complex environments. In order to improve the wear resistance of the C/C-SiC composite matrix, Si/SiC coatings were prepared by a combination of chemical vapor infiltration and reactive sintering. The wear performance of Si/SiC coatings with different amounts of silicon carbide was investigated. When the carbon silicon ratio in the slurry was 1:3, the SiC particle content in the coating was 93.0 wt.%; the prepared Si/SiC coating exhibited the lowest wear rate of 3.2 × 10−3 mg·N−1·m−1 among the four coatings; and its frictional coefficient was 0.95, which was higher than that of the substrate. As the residual Si content in the coating decreased, the continuity between SiC particles in the coating was improved. Both the high hardness of SiC and the dense coating contributed significantly to enhancing the coating’s wear resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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17 pages, 6356 KiB  
Article
Contact Analysis for Cycloid Pinwheel Mechanism by Isogeometric Finite Element
by Ke Zhang, Caixia Guo, Yutao Li, Yuewen Su, Bodong Zhang and Peihu Gao
Coatings 2023, 13(12), 2029; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122029 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
Cycloid drives are generally used in precision machinery requiring high-reduction ratios, such as robot joint (RV) reducers. The contact stress of cycloidal gears greatly affects lifetime and transmission performance. Traditional finite element method (FEM) has less computational efficiency for contact analysis of complex [...] Read more.
Cycloid drives are generally used in precision machinery requiring high-reduction ratios, such as robot joint (RV) reducers. The contact stress of cycloidal gears greatly affects lifetime and transmission performance. Traditional finite element method (FEM) has less computational efficiency for contact analysis of complex surface. Therefore, in this paper, isogeometric analysis (IGA) was employed to explore the multi-tooth contact problem of the cycloid pinwheel drive. Based on the nonuniform rational B spline (NURBS) curved surface generation method, the NURBS tooth profile of the cycloid gear was reconstructed. In addition, the NURBS surface of the cycloid gear–pin tooth–output pin was generated via the element splicing method. A geometrical analysis model of cycloid pinwheel drive was established to solve the contact force of the meshing pair under different input angles and compared with the finite element method in terms of convergence, resultant accuracy, and solving timeliness. The results show that isogeometric analysis has higher accuracy and efficiency than the finite element method in calculating the contact stress and contact force. The error of the IGA is only 8.8% for 10 × 10 elements in contact, while the error of the finite element method reaches about 40%. The method can improve the contact simulation accuracy of the cycloid drive and provides a reference for the design evaluation of RV reducer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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13 pages, 4179 KiB  
Article
The Glaze Icing Performance of a Robust Superhydrophobic Film Composed of Epoxy Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane
by Aoyun Zhuang, Chao Li, Jianping Yu and Yao Lu
Coatings 2023, 13(7), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071271 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Ice accretion on transmission lines can cause operational difficulties and disastrous events. In this study, a micro/nano-structured epoxy resin/polydimethylsiloxane (EP/PDMS) film on glass, with water droplet contact angles (CA) observed as high as 160° and the water droplet sliding angle (SA) < 1° [...] Read more.
Ice accretion on transmission lines can cause operational difficulties and disastrous events. In this study, a micro/nano-structured epoxy resin/polydimethylsiloxane (EP/PDMS) film on glass, with water droplet contact angles (CA) observed as high as 160° and the water droplet sliding angle (SA) < 1° was fabricated by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The glaze icing performance of the superhydrophobic EP/PDMS films have been investigated by comparing the bare glass and room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicon rubber-coated glass substrate representing the glass insulators and silicone rubber insulators, respectively. Compared with the bare glass and the RTV silicon rubber coating, the EP/PDMS superhydrophobic coating showed excellent performance in delaying glaze icing, especially in the early stages of icing. After 20 min of glaze icing with tilting angle of 90° at −5 and −10 °C, 38.9% and 85.7% of the RTV silicon rubber coating were covered, respectively, and less than 3% of the EP/PDMS coating was covered by ice when the blank glass sheet was completely covered. The EP/PDMS films also showed good mechanical robustness and long-term stability, which are important considerations in their widespread real-world adoption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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14 pages, 4510 KiB  
Article
A High-Efficiency Technology for Manufacturing Aircraft Carbon Brake Discs with Stable Friction Performance
by Daming Zhao, Hong Cui, Jilin Liu, Hao Cheng, Qiaoqin Guo, Peihu Gao, Rui Li, Qiao Li and Weiquan Hou
Coatings 2022, 12(6), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060768 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3180
Abstract
A binary C/C brake disc (i.e., the test brake disc) was prepared with a C/C (pyrolytic carbon/resin carbon) matrix using modified natural gas as the carbon source through the isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI) process with a directed flow and the pressure impregnation [...] Read more.
A binary C/C brake disc (i.e., the test brake disc) was prepared with a C/C (pyrolytic carbon/resin carbon) matrix using modified natural gas as the carbon source through the isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI) process with a directed flow and the pressure impregnation carbonization (PIC) process with liquid-phase furfural acetone resin. The microstructural, mechanical, thermal, friction and wear properties of the test brake disc were comprehensively analyzed and compared with commercial ones. The results showed that the production efficiency of the test brake disc was 36% higher than that of the commercial ones, which were manufactured through a thermal-gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TCVI) process. The favorable mechanical and thermal properties of the test brake disc were comparable to the commercial ones. While the test brake disc had a more consistently rough laminar microstructure on the worn surface of the brake disc than the commercial ones, this avoided the annular grinding grooves on the worn surface after the braking tests. In addition, the test brake disc had a stable friction coefficient with a low dispersion coefficient of 3.90%, which would improve the friction stability of C/C brake discs used in aircrafts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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20 pages, 19233 KiB  
Article
Influence of Plasma Arc Current on the Friction and Wear Properties of CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared on CGI through Plasma Transfer Arc Cladding
by Peihu Gao, Ruitao Fu, Jilin Liu, Baiyang Chen, Bo Zhang, Daming Zhao, Zhong Yang, Yongchun Guo, Minxian Liang, Jianping Li, Wei Wang, Zhiyi Yan and Lina Zhang
Coatings 2022, 12(5), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050633 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2182
Abstract
High-entropy alloys receive more attention for high strength, good ductility as well as good wear resistance. In this work, CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were deposited on compacted graphite iron through plasma transfer arc at different currents. The microstructure and wear properties of [...] Read more.
High-entropy alloys receive more attention for high strength, good ductility as well as good wear resistance. In this work, CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were deposited on compacted graphite iron through plasma transfer arc at different currents. The microstructure and wear properties of the CoCrFeNiMn HEA coatings were investigated. The coatings are composed of single phase with FCC structure. The CoCrFeNiMn HEA coating had the highest microhardness of 394 ± 21.6 HV0.2 and the lowest wear mass loss when the plasma current was 65 A. All of the HEA coatings had higher friction coefficients than that of the substrate. There were adhesive, abrasive and oxidation wear forms in the HEA coatings with the wear couple of N80 alloy. The HEA coating presented higher friction coefficient and better wear resistance than compacted graphite iron. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Hard Coatings)
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