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Crystals
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Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition)
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Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4797

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wangzhong Mu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: microstructure and property correlation of engineering materials; thermophysical property analysis; in situ characterization; sustainable metallurgy; chemical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chao Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Interests: process modeling; clean steel; inclusions; CFD; physical model; tundish; ladle refining; stainless steel
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue in Crystals entitled ‘Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials’ has attracted a lot of attention in the metallurgy and materials science community; it can be found online at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/crystals/special_issues/G43656XLVO. Therefore, we intend to open a second volume of this topic to continue the collection of research and review articles in the area of crystallization in high-performance metallic materials. Crystallization refers to the process by which a solid phase forms, where atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal in the matrix. Crystallization of metallic materials normally refers to the solid formed during the solidification as well as the subsequent phase transition. Several fundamental aspects considering thermodynamics and kinetics need to be considered for the crystallization mechanism. For the solidification process, a variety of different morphologies of crystalline can be observed, e.g., columnar and equiaxed crystals and dendrites. This solidification understanding can be applied to the casting process as an industrial crystallization. Subsequently, crystallization behaviors can also refer to microstructure evolution in solid-state materials, e.g., austenite decomposition in low-alloy steels. Nucleation and growth as well as interfacial phenomenon are the two scientific issues included in the crystallization process. The current Special Issue emphasizes crystallization behaviors in high-performance metallic materials. Both solidification and solid-phase transformation are considered, and conventional construction materials, e.g., steels or high-temperature alloys, as well as novel alloy grades, e.g., high entropy alloys, are included. State-of-the-art characterization methods as well as simulation and modelling work regarding crystallization are also included. Finally, particle behaviors associated with crystallization, i.e., non-metallic inclusion and precipitate behaviors during solidification and post-process in high-performance alloys, are included. In addition, the crystallization behavior of slag and heat flux used for metals’ manufacturing is also included. Authors from academia and industry are therefore invited to submit their original research and review contributions on crystallization of high-performance metallic materials to the current Special Issue.

Dr. Wangzhong Mu
Dr. Chao Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solidification of steels and alloys
  • casting process
  • solid phase transformation
  • high-performance metallic materials
  • in-situ characterization
  • nucleation and growth in metals
  • inclusion/precipitate engineering in steels and alloys
  • slag and flux engineering
  • thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization
  • process–structure–property correlation in alloys
  • simulations

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 11001 KiB  
Article
Influence Mechanisms of Cold Rolling Reduction Rate on Microstructure, Texture and Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Silicon Steel
by Feihu Guo, Yuhao Niu, Bing Fu, Jialong Qiao and Shengtao Qiu
Crystals 2024, 14(10), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100853 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 487
Abstract
The effects of cold rolling reduction on the microstructure, recrystallization behavior, and magnetic properties of 3.0%Si-0.8%Al-0.3%Mn steel were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). With the reduction rates of 78%, 85% and 87% in the cold rolled sheet, the [...] Read more.
The effects of cold rolling reduction on the microstructure, recrystallization behavior, and magnetic properties of 3.0%Si-0.8%Al-0.3%Mn steel were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). With the reduction rates of 78%, 85% and 87% in the cold rolled sheet, the width of the deformation band becomes narrower, the number of intragranular shear bands decreases, and the proportion of grain boundaries increases. The intensity of the α and γ fibers texture in the cold rolled sheet is enhanced, and the annealed sheet is dominated by the γ fibers texture and the content increases from 26.0% to 34.5%. During the recrystallization process, the Goss and γ-grains nucleate first. The λ-grains nucleate mainly at the grain boundaries of the deformed α-grains, and the α-grains ultimately recrystallize. With the increase in the cold rolling reduction rate, the γ-grains develop into the main texture due to a large amount of nucleation at the deformation band and grain boundary. The λ-grains with a high mobility do not have a numerical advantage, and the increase in the texture content is very small. The content of the unfavorable γ fiber texture in the annealed sheet increases, the magnetic induction intensity B50 decreases, Pe and Pt decrease significantly, and the critical grain size with the lowest iron loss decreases from 136.2 to 109.4 μm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition))
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15 pages, 6969 KiB  
Article
Effects of Continuous Rolling and Reversible Rolling on 2.4% Si Non-Oriented Silicon Steel
by Kaixuan Shao, Yuhao Niu, Yinghao Pei, Jialong Qiao, Hongbo Pan and Haijun Wang
Crystals 2024, 14(9), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14090824 - 20 Sep 2024
Viewed by 594
Abstract
The cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel sheets with a Si content of 2.4 wt.%, produced by continuous and reversible cold rolling, were used as the experimental material. The effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties were studied by optical microscopy, [...] Read more.
The cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel sheets with a Si content of 2.4 wt.%, produced by continuous and reversible cold rolling, were used as the experimental material. The effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties were studied by optical microscopy, an X-ray diffractometer, and a magnetic property measuring instrument. The experimental results showed that the dominant texture components at the surface of both sheets were almost the same, i.e., α and γ fibers. After annealing at 920 °C for 30 s, a complete recrystallization occurred in both sheets. When annealing below 1070 °C, the average grain sizes of continuous cold-rolled sheets were slightly higher than those of reversible cold-rolled ones. Additionally, for all specimens, the recrystallization texture components were γ fiber, as well as weak α fiber, λ fiber, and Goss texture. Additionally, the difference was the texture intensity. The iron losses of the finished products of continuous cold rolling were lower than those of the finished products of reversible cold rolling with the increase in annealing temperature, and the magnetic induction was higher than that of the finished products of reversible cold rolling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition))
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14 pages, 8362 KiB  
Article
Effect of Erbium Micro-Additions on Microstructures and Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Microwave Sintering
by Tao Qin, Bowen Fan, Jincheng Yu, Chengwei Bu and Jiukun Zhang
Crystals 2024, 14(4), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040382 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1202
Abstract
The effects of rare earth erbium (Er) micro-additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy were investigated. The microstructures and fracture surfaces of specimens prepared via high-energy ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and microwave sintering were carried out by optical [...] Read more.
The effects of rare earth erbium (Er) micro-additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy were investigated. The microstructures and fracture surfaces of specimens prepared via high-energy ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and microwave sintering were carried out by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under the conditions of sintering heating rate of 20 min/°C and soaking time of 30 min at 490 °C, it was found that with the increase in Er addition, the grain size first decreased then increased, and it reached a minimum size of about 5 μm when the Er content was 0.6%, showing that the grains were refined. At the same time, the compactness and microhardness reached maximum levels, which were 97.6% and 94.5 HV, respectively. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation reached the peak at 160.5 MPa and 4.4%, respectively. The dynamic mechanical response of Er/2024Al alloy with different Er content was studied through a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at strain rates of 600 s−1 and 800 s−1, respectively. Both at the strain rates of 600 s−1 and 800 s−1, the dynamic yield stress of the specimens increased gradually with an increase in Er content. For the 0.6 wt.% Er specimen, the dynamic yield stress reached 371.3 MPa at a strain rate of 800 s−1, which was 28.2% higher than that at a strain rate of 600 s−1. When the strain rate is 800 s−1, the deformation degree of the 0.6 wt.%Er specimen is 55.3%, which is 14.7% higher than for the Er-free one, and there are adiabatic shear bands formed in the 0.6 wt.%Er specimen. Through a fracture analysis of the samples, a certain number of dimples appeared in the fracture of an impact specimen, indicating that the addition of Er improved the toughness of the material. This research can provide a reference for the development and application of high-performance aluminum alloy in automotive structural materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition))
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Review

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25 pages, 5457 KiB  
Review
Antibacterial Pure Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Materials—A Review
by Qingfeng Song, Lingzhi Yang, Fang Yi, Chao Chen, Jing Guo, Zihua Qi and Yihan Song
Crystals 2024, 14(11), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110939 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 609
Abstract
Implant-related infections are one of the major challenges faced by orthopedic surgeries. Developing implants with inherent antibacterial properties is an effective strategy to address this issue. Biodegradable magnesium and magnesium alloys have become a research hotspot due to their good bioactivity, mechanical properties, [...] Read more.
Implant-related infections are one of the major challenges faced by orthopedic surgeries. Developing implants with inherent antibacterial properties is an effective strategy to address this issue. Biodegradable magnesium and magnesium alloys have become a research hotspot due to their good bioactivity, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and excellent antibacterial ability. However, magnesium and its alloys have rapid corrosion, and the difficulty in expelling harmful magnesium ions and hydrogen gas produced by degradation from the body. This review summarizes the mainstream surface modification techniques such as laser surface modification, friction stir processing, and micro-arc oxidation, along with their impact on the antimicrobial properties of magnesium-based materials. This paper reviews the latest research progress on improving the antibacterial properties of magnesium alloys through alloying and introduces the antibacterial effects of mainstream magnesium alloys and also elaborates on the antibacterial mechanism of magnesium alloy materials. It is expected to provide more basis and insights for the design of biodegradable magnesium alloys with antibacterial properties, thereby promoting their development and clinical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition))
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26 pages, 1433 KiB  
Review
Advancements in and Applications of Crystal Plasticity Modelling of Metallic Materials
by Vasilis Loukadakis and Spyros Papaefthymiou
Crystals 2024, 14(10), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100883 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1529
Abstract
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is a set of methodologies utilized by researchers and engineers assisting the study of material behaviour during production processes and/or service. ICME aligns with societal efforts for the twin green and digital transitions while improving the sustainability and [...] Read more.
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is a set of methodologies utilized by researchers and engineers assisting the study of material behaviour during production processes and/or service. ICME aligns with societal efforts for the twin green and digital transitions while improving the sustainability and cost efficiency of relevant products/processes. A significant link of the ICME chain, especially for metallic materials, is the crystal plasticity (CP) formulation. This review examines firstly the progress CP has made since its conceptualization and secondly the relevant thematic areas of its utilization and portraits them in a concise and condensed manner. CP is a proven tool able to capture complex phenomena and to provide realistic results, while elucidating on the material behaviour under complex loading conditions. To this end, a significant number of formulations falling under CP, each with their unique strengths and weaknesses, is offered. It is a developing field and there are still efforts to improve the models in various terms. One of the biggest struggles in setting up a CP simulation, especially a physics-based one, is the definition of the proper values for the relevant parameters. This review provides valuable data tables with indicative values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of High Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition))
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