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Crystals
Special Issues
Study of Structure, Heat Treatment and Properties of Steels
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Study of Structure, Heat Treatment and Properties of Steels

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 7907

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Golański

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Guest Editor
Politechnika Czestochowska, Czestochowa, Poland
Interests: steel; heat treatment; mechanical properties; precipitates; welded joints
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hanna Purzyńska

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Co-Guest Editor
Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: steel; creep tests; precipitation processes; mechanical properties
Dr. Paweł Wieczorek

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Co-Guest Editor
Czestochowa University of Technology, częstochowa, Poland
Interests: steel; heat treatment; electron microscopy; precipitation hardening

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Steel as a construction material is still the basic material used for critical elements in many branches of industry. High requirements set up for constructions, such as increased service life, or increased yield strength, require using steels of higher and higher properties, optimum from the user point of view. Creating the required properties of steel is connected with the selection or optimization of the proper chemical composition, with controlled heating and quenching, as well as thermomechanical and thermochemical operations. It allows rational shaping of the microstructure in a wide range and, thus, the functional properties of steel. Although metallurgy and treatment of iron have been present for millennia, a deeper understanding of metal science and its associated principles were developed in the last century and also in the first two decades of the 21st century. The development of research methods during this time made it possible to learn in a more and more advanced way about the mechanisms and processes of shaping steel microstructure and properties.

You are cordially invite to submit your research to the Special Issue “Study of Structure, Heat Treatment, and Properties of Steels”. We welcome all high-quality papers related to methods of improvement of strength, cyclic properties and fracture toughness of steel, the stability of microstructures, the possible application of new (or improved) alloys, and the use of treatment for alloy improvement, in particular in the following topics:

- Modeling;

- Unconventional heat treatment;

- Heat treatment;

- Microstructure;

- Mechanical properties;

- Thermomechanical treatment;

- Precipitates and phase(s).

Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Golański
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • modelling
  • unconventional heat treatment
  • stereology
  • heat treatment
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • thermomechanical treatment
  • precipitates and phase(s)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4892 KiB  
Article
3D-FEM Simulation of Hot Rolling Process and Characterization of the Resultant Microstructure of a Light-Weight Mn Steel
by Ana Claudia González-Castillo, José de Jesús Cruz-Rivera, Mitsuo Osvaldo Ramos-Azpeitia, Pedro Garnica-González, Carlos Gamaliel Garay-Reyes, José Sergio Pacheco-Cedeño and José Luis Hernández-Rivera
Crystals 2021, 11(5), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050569 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2675
Abstract
Computational simulation has become more important in the design of thermomechanical processing since it allows the optimization of associated parameters such as temperature, stresses, strains and phase transformations. This work presents the results of the three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the [...] Read more.
Computational simulation has become more important in the design of thermomechanical processing since it allows the optimization of associated parameters such as temperature, stresses, strains and phase transformations. This work presents the results of the three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the hot rolling process of a medium Mn steel using DEFORM-3D software. Temperature and effective strain distribution in the surface and center of the sheet were analyzed for different rolling passes; also the change in damage factor was evaluated. According to the hot rolling simulation results, experimental hot rolling parameters were established in order to obtain the desired microstructure avoiding the presence of ferrite precipitation during the process. The microstructural characterization of the hot rolled steel was carried out using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the phases present in the steel after hot rolling are austenite and α′-martensite. Additionally, to understand the mechanical behavior, tensile tests were performed and concluded that this new steel can be catalogued in the third automotive generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Structure, Heat Treatment and Properties of Steels)
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16 pages, 2706 KiB  
Article
Strain Modified Constitutive Equation and Processing Maps of High Quality 20MnCr5(SH) Gear Steel
by Jingcheng Yang, Lizhong Wang, Yingjun Zheng and Zhiping Zhong
Crystals 2021, 11(5), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050536 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2042
Abstract
In order to develop the high-temperature forging process of high-quality 20MnCr5(SH) gear steel, according to the physical characteristics of high-temperature hot deformation of 20MnCr5(SH), the single pass hot pressing test was carried out in the temperature range of 930–123 °C and the strain [...] Read more.
In order to develop the high-temperature forging process of high-quality 20MnCr5(SH) gear steel, according to the physical characteristics of high-temperature hot deformation of 20MnCr5(SH), the single pass hot pressing test was carried out in the temperature range of 930–123 °C and the strain rate range of 0.002–2 s−1 by using a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator. The stress-strain curve of 20MnCr5(SH) was analyzed and confirmed by microstructure analysis. The dynamic recrystallization occurred, and the constitutive equation of 20MnCr5(SH) high temperature flow stress was established. Considering that the traditional Arrhenius constitutive equation does not consider the effect of strain on the constitutive equation, a strain modified Arrhenius constitutive equation is proposed. The results show that the correlation is 0.9895 and the average relative error is 8.048%, which verifies the stress prediction ability of the strain modified constitutive equation. According to the dynamic material theory and instability criterion, the processing maps of 20MnCr5(SH) are obtained. It is therefore considered that 20MnCr5(SH) is most suitable for thermoplastic processing at strain rate of 0.05–1 s−1 and temperature of 1030–1100 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Structure, Heat Treatment and Properties of Steels)
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11 pages, 2435 KiB  
Article
Microstructural and Hardness Evolution in a Duplex Stainless Steel Processed by High-Pressure Torsion
by Ming Ma, Hua Ding, Yi Huang, Cheng Wei Tian and Terence G. Langdon
Crystals 2020, 10(12), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121138 - 15 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2452
Abstract
The duplex stainless steel 2205, designated DSS2205 and having a duplex structure comprising ferrite and austenite phases, was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) and the microstructural and hardness evolutions were investigated after various HPT revolutions and at different positions within the specimens. The [...] Read more.
The duplex stainless steel 2205, designated DSS2205 and having a duplex structure comprising ferrite and austenite phases, was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) and the microstructural and hardness evolutions were investigated after various HPT revolutions and at different positions within the specimens. The results show that the grain refinement induced by severe deformation processing is different in the ferrite and austenite phases such that the ferrite grains are refined via dislocation subdivision, whereas grain refinement in the austenite phase depends mainly on the interaction of dislocations and twin boundaries at relatively low strains. When the numbers of revolutions increases, the grain refinement in austenite restricts the occurrence of deformation twinning so that dislocation slip becomes dominant. During HPT processing, the effect of the phase boundaries on the mechanical properties of the alloy is very significant. The results show the average width between two adjacent phases and the hardness of the alloy are generally consistent with the classical Hall–Petch relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Structure, Heat Treatment and Properties of Steels)
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