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Crystals
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Metallurgical Slag (Volume II)
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Metallurgical Slag (Volume II)

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Crystallization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2023) | Viewed by 7799

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jie Dang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Interests: metallurgical slag treatment; physical chemistry of metallurgy; recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhiyuan Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Interests: manufacturing engineering; materials engineering; reaction kinetics; process engineering; thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first volume of the Special Issue “Metallurgical Slag” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/crystals/special_issues/metallurgical_slag) was a great success, with 23 papers published. It is our pleasure to announce the second volume of “Metallurgical Slag”.

The metallurgical industry is the material basis and a key industry for the development of human society. The rapid development of human society comes with the leaping development of the metallurgical industry in recent years. Metallurgical slag is a byproduct generated during high-temperature metallurgical processes, and its large quantity and complex chemistry have been a burden and barrier for industrial development. There are very strict environmental rules placed by the government in many countries to deal with these wastes. Therefore, slag treatment and recycling are critical for sustainable development and have huge economic benefits, and they have attracted extensive attention and efforts from many researchers to explore ways to recycle waste slag in the metallurgical industry, as well as potential application in other fields. The complex chemistry and variant physical properties make it difficult to find a unified method to treat all slags at once, but it also provides opportunities to specify their application in different fields.

Thus, this Special Issue mainly focuses on the advances in the utilization of metallurgical slag. The purpose of the present Special Issue is to explore the new treatment and recycling methods of slag waste from ferrous metallurgy and also nonferrous metallurgy. The possible topics include but are not limited to:

  • Advances in the treatment and recycling of metallurgical waste slag;
  • Microstructure and properties of metallurgical slag;
  • Physical and chemical properties of metallurgical slag.

Both reviews and original research articles on metallurgical slag are welcome. We hope you will participate in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Jie Dang
Dr. Zhiyuan Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallurgical slag
  • utilization
  • crystallization of slag
  • physical and chemical properties
  • iron and steel
  • non-ferrous metal
  • metallurgical solid waste

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 6934 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3
by Jianqi Cao, Yao Li, Wanming Lin, Julong Che, Feng Zhou, Yunfang Tan, Dongliang Li, Jie Dang and Chao Chen
Crystals 2023, 13(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020202 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1954
Abstract
The elimination of inclusions in steelmaking processes has been widely studied. The removal of inclusions by slags containing the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 are studied using an integrated numerical model. The integrated model involves the inclusion motion model, interfacial tension [...] Read more.
The elimination of inclusions in steelmaking processes has been widely studied. The removal of inclusions by slags containing the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 are studied using an integrated numerical model. The integrated model involves the inclusion motion model, interfacial tension calculation model, surface tension calculation model of slag, and the mass action concentration model, based on ion and molecule coexistence theory. The motion behaviors of both solid Al2O3 inclusions and 50%wtAl2O3–50%wtCaO liquid inclusions of varied sizes at CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3(-MgO) slag systems are evaluated. The results show that it is more difficult to remove the inclusions with smaller sizes and in slag with a higher viscosity. Liquid inclusions are more difficult to remove than solid inclusions. It is found that the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO refining slag shows a better ability to remove Al2O3 inclusions than that of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag. The reason for this is that the addition of the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 can decrease the viscosity of slags, as well as improving the wetting effects of slags on Al2O3 inclusions. For two slags systems, the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag system shows a better ability to remove Al2O3 inclusions than the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system. The addition of 5% to 8% Ce2O3 in a CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag is an optimized case for industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallurgical Slag (Volume II))
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11 pages, 1264 KiB  
Article
Influence of Fly Ash on the Fluidity of Blast Furnace Slag for the Preparation of Slag Wool
by Peipei Du, Yue Long, Yuzhu Zhang and Liangjin Zhang
Crystals 2023, 13(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010119 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Using fly ash as the modifier, blast furnace slag was modified to prepare slag wool, fulfilling the goal of using one type of waste to make use of another type of waste, and it is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of [...] Read more.
Using fly ash as the modifier, blast furnace slag was modified to prepare slag wool, fulfilling the goal of using one type of waste to make use of another type of waste, and it is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of industrial bulk solid wastes and resource recycling. In the process of forming fiber from blast furnace slag, fluidity is the key factor affecting the smooth formation of fiber from slag. To explore the changes in the fluidity of modified blast furnace slag, the temperature-dependent viscosity of modified blast furnace slag with different amounts of fly ash added was measured, and the effects of fly ash addition on the viscosity, fluidity, and activation energy of particle migration, and slag structure of modified blast furnace slag were investigated. The results indicated that with the increase in the amount of fly ash added, in the high-temperature region (>1324 °C), the viscosity of modified blast furnace slag increases gradually, the fluidity decreases gradually (i.e., the fluidity becomes worse), and the suitable fiber-forming temperature range gradually widens. When the fly ash addition increases from 5% to 25%, the trend of the activation energy of slag particle migration is as follows: increase, decrease, increase significantly, decrease. When the addition of fly ash is less than 20%, the SiO2 content and slag temperature jointly affect the breakage and reorganization of oxygen bridge bonding in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the slag structure. When the addition of fly ash increases to 25%, the slag temperature dominates the breakage of oxygen bridge bonding in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the slag structure. When using fly ash as the modifier to prepare slag wool, from the perspective of slag fluidity and process operability, the optimum addition amount of fly ash is 15%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallurgical Slag (Volume II))
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14 pages, 9876 KiB  
Article
Composition Engineering on the Local Structure and Viscosity of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-FeO Slag by Machine Learning Methods
by Ziyu Lyu, Chao Gu, Ziyang Lyu and Yanping Bao
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101338 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Due to the high cost and low accuracy of high-temperature tests, the viscosity data for multicomponent slag systems is difficult to be obtained precisely. Therefore, it is important to fulfill the viscosity database of the multicomponent slag systems via reasonable methods with lower [...] Read more.
Due to the high cost and low accuracy of high-temperature tests, the viscosity data for multicomponent slag systems is difficult to be obtained precisely. Therefore, it is important to fulfill the viscosity database of the multicomponent slag systems via reasonable methods with lower costs. In this study, a viscosity prediction method based on the machine learning method was proposed for the CaO-SiO2-FeO-Al2O3-P2O5 quinary slag system. To provide valid data for the machine learning model, the viscosity predicted by the molecular dynamic method and multiple semi-empirical models were compared to verify the applicability of these methods to the slag system. Different machine learning models were also developed. The results showed that the prediction results from the gradient boosting decision tree method were the most accurate for the CaO-SiO2-FeO-Al2O3-P2O5 quinary slag system. Based on this method, a color-map concerning the numerical effect of Al2O3 and P2O5 contents and slag viscosity is provided, which also provides assistance for the composition engineering to fulfill a certain demand on the viscosity design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallurgical Slag (Volume II))
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10 pages, 3271 KiB  
Article
Study on the Effect of Different Factors on the Change of the Phosphorus-Rich Phase in High Phosphorus Steel Slag
by Zhongliang Wang, Yanping Bao, Dazhi Wang, Chao Gu and Min Wang
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081030 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
With the use of high phosphorus iron ore, there is a large amount of high phosphorus steel slag formed, which is difficult to handle. How to separate the elemental phosphorus has become a key issue in the secondary utilization of steel slag. Experiments [...] Read more.
With the use of high phosphorus iron ore, there is a large amount of high phosphorus steel slag formed, which is difficult to handle. How to separate the elemental phosphorus has become a key issue in the secondary utilization of steel slag. Experiments found that there were distinct phosphorus-rich phases, iron-rich phases and matrix phases in the high-phosphorus steel slag cooled with the furnace. In this study, the effects of heat treatment conditions and slag basicity on the P2O5 content, as well as the size of the phosphorus-rich phase were investigated. Taking all factors into consideration, the optimal experimental conditions were determined as the holding temperature and time of 1350 °C and 60 min, respectively, and the slag basicity of 1.8. At this time, the P2O5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase reached 24.2%, and the average size of the phosphorus-rich phase was 63.51 μm. The phosphorus-rich phase is separated by crushing and magnetic separation for making phosphate fertilizer, and the residual steel slag is used again for steelmaking, which enables the realization of the resource utilization of high phosphorus steel slag. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallurgical Slag (Volume II))
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