Dentistry Journal

Research

12 pages, 280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Prevalence of Gingival Recession According to the Cairo Classification in a Population from the North of Portugal

by Beatriz Moura, Filomena Salazar, Rosana Costa, Cristina Cabral and Cátia Reis

Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120376 - 22 Nov 2024

Background/Objectives: Gingival recession (GR) has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of various factors. It affects aesthetics and comfort, and has negative consequences for quality of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession in [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Gingival recession (GR) has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of various factors. It affects aesthetics and comfort, and has negative consequences for quality of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession in a sample of the population in northern Portugal, according to the classification system proposed by Cairo. The secondary objective is to investigate possible risk factors for the prevalence of gingival recession. Methods: This observational study analyzed 50 patients who met all our inclusion criteria. Participants underwent a clinical periodontal examination and completed a questionnaire. Results: On the lingual/palatine side, recession type 2 (RT2) was the most prevalent (39.1%), and on the buccal side, recession type 3 (RT3) was the most prevalent (37.7%). Statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of RT3 on both sides, buccal and lingual/palatine, which was higher in patients over 65. Buccal side RT2 and buccal and lingual/palatine side RT3 were more prevalent in males. Buccal side RT2 was more prevalent in ex-smokers compared to nonsmokers. RT3 was more prevalent in ex-smokers compared to smokers and nonsmokers. Most patients have gingival recession with loss of interproximal attachment. Conclusions: Older age, male gender, high plaque levels, and smoking habits are considered risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

18 pages, 3338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Synthetic Small Molecule, LGM2605: A Promising Modulator of Increased Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Osteoclast Differentiation by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin

by Taewan J. Kim, Andrew S. MacElroy, Aleena Defreitas, Bruce J. Shenker and Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070195 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1224

Abstract

Our research explores the interplay between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) and the host’s inflammatory response in molar/incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP). Cdt disrupts phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) signaling, influencing cytokine expression through canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation as well as nuclear [...] Read more.

Our research explores the interplay between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) and the host’s inflammatory response in molar/incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP). Cdt disrupts phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) signaling, influencing cytokine expression through canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, leading to inflammation in MIPP. THP-1 differentiated macrophages (TDMs) exposed to Cdt exhibited an upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and subsequent cytokine release. We analyzed the ability of a small molecule therapeutic, LGM2605, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, to reduce pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine release in Cdt-exposed and Aa-inoculated TDMs. LGM2605’s mechanism of action involves inhibiting NF-κB while activating the Nrf2–transcription factor and antioxidants. Herein, we show that this small molecule therapeutic mitigates Cdt-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. Our study also further defines Cdt’s impact on osteoclast differentiation and maturation in MIPP. Cdt promotes increased TRAP+ cells, indicating heightened osteoclast differentiation, specific to Cdt’s phosphatase activity. Cathepsin K levels rise during this process, reflecting changes in TRAP distribution between control and Cdt-treated cells. Exploring LGM2605’s effect on Cdt-induced osteoclast differentiation and maturation, we found TRAP+ cells significantly reduced with LGM2605 treatment compared to Cdt alone. Upon LGM2605 treatment, immunocytochemistry revealed a decreased TRAP intensity and number of multinucleated cells. Moreover, immunoblotting showed reduced TRAP and cathepsin K levels, suggesting LGM2605’s potential to curb osteoclast differentiation and maturation by modulating inflammatory cytokines, possibly involving Nrf2 activation. In summary, our research reveals the intricate connections between Cdt, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and osteoclast differentiation, offering novel therapeutic possibilities for managing these conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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16 pages, 798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Study on the Implications of Immunological Markers in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis in People with Diabetes Mellitus

by Andreea Dinu and Oana Raluca Antonescu

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060149 - 21 May 2024

Viewed by 1225

Abstract

The basic idea from which the working hypothesis for this study started is the fact that the only systemic disease today that is clearly linked to periodontal disease by biochemical mechanisms is diabetes mellitus, as well as the clinical finding that diabetes causes [...] Read more.

The basic idea from which the working hypothesis for this study started is the fact that the only systemic disease today that is clearly linked to periodontal disease by biochemical mechanisms is diabetes mellitus, as well as the clinical finding that diabetes causes a number of specific periodontal changes. Highlighting the biochemical markers of inflammation during periodontal disease in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is the main aim of the study. To achieve this objective, we used the human ELISA kit from Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Pleasanton, CA, USA), for the detection of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and TNF-α. The data analysis shows that plasma levels of these cytokines are associated with the progression of periodontitis. In conclusion, we can state that the involvement of immunological markers is evident in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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10 pages, 3587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Dentifrice Ingredients on Volume and Vitality of a Simulated Periodontal Multispecies Biofilm

by Jelena Karacic, Moritz Ruf, Johannes Herzog, Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer and Philipp Sahrmann

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050141 - 13 May 2024

Viewed by 3292

Abstract

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different toothpaste ingredients on biofilm volume and vitality in an established non-contact biofilm removal model. A multi-species biofilm comprising Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown [...] Read more.

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different toothpaste ingredients on biofilm volume and vitality in an established non-contact biofilm removal model. A multi-species biofilm comprising Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown on protein-coated titanium disks. Six disks per group were exposed to 4 seconds non-contact brushing using a sonic toothbrush. Four groups assessed slurries containing different ingredients, i.e., dexpanthenol (DP), peppermint oil (PO), cocamidopropyl betaine (CB), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), one positive control group with the slurry of a toothpaste (POS), and a negative control group with physiological saline (NEG). Biofilm volume and vitality were measured using live-dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics and inter-group differences. In the test groups, lowest vitality and volume were found for CB (50.2 ± 11.9%) and PO (3.6 × 10⁵ ± 1.8 × 10⁵ µm³), respectively. Significant differences regarding biofilm vitality were found comparing CB and PO (p = 0.033), CB and NEG (p = 0.014), NaOH and NEG (p = 0.033), and POS and NEG (p = 0.037). However, no significant inter-group differences for biofilm volume were observed. These findings suggest that CB as a toothpaste ingredient had a considerable impact on biofilm vitality even in a non-contact brushing setting, while no considerable impact on biofilm volume was found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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17 pages, 2631 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Antioxidant Benefits of Topical Carvacrol and Magnolol Periodontal Hydrogel Therapy in Periodontitis Associated with Diabetes in Wistar Rats

by Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalău, Gabriela Ciavoi, Ioana Scrobotă, Andreea Olivia Marcu, Ioana Romanul, Eleonora Marian, Laura Grațiela Vicaș and Mariana Ganea

Dent. J. 2023, 11(12), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11120284 - 8 Dec 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2162

Abstract

It is well recognized that oxidative stress contributes to chronic stress-induced cytotoxicity, which is a major factor in the progression of many diseases, including periodontitis and diabetes. Formulas based on natural extracts with antioxidant properties are alternative treatment perspectives in the management of [...] Read more.

It is well recognized that oxidative stress contributes to chronic stress-induced cytotoxicity, which is a major factor in the progression of many diseases, including periodontitis and diabetes. Formulas based on natural extracts with antioxidant properties are alternative treatment perspectives in the management of such diseases. The aim of our study was to assess how carvacrol and magnolol influence periodontitis associated with diabetes in Wistar rats. Ninety Wistar rats were distributed in nine groups: I—control group; II—diabetes group (D); III—periodontitis group (P); IV—periodontitis and diabetes group (PD); V—periodontitis and diabetes with vehicle alone (PDV); VI—periodontitis and diabetes treated with carvacrol (PDC); VII—periodontitis and diabetes treated with magnolol (PDM); VIII—periodontitis and diabetes treated with carvacrol and magnolol (PDCM); IX—healthy group with vehicle alone (CV). Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity levels (CAT) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, respectively. Where diabetes and periodontitis were induced, MDA was augmented and CAT was depleted significantly. Whether given alone (PDM) or in combination with carvacrol (PDCM), magnolol significantly decreased MDA. Between the PDM group and the PDCM group, there were no notable differences. In Wistar rats with periodontitis related to diabetes, topical use of hydrogels containing magnolol, either alone or in combination with carvacrol, may reduce oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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10 pages, 856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Periodontal Disease and Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on the OHRQoL of the Patient: A Pilot Study of Case Series

by María José Moya-Villaescusa, Arturo Sánchez-Pérez, Jesús Esparza-Marín, Alfonso Jornet-García and José María Montoya-Carralero

Dent. J. 2023, 11(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11040094 - 3 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2501

Abstract

The objective of this prospective study was to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL) in patients with periodontitis and nonsurgical periodontal treatment. A prospective, longitudinal case series study was carried out at the University Dental Clinic of the Morales Meseguer Hospital in [...] Read more.

The objective of this prospective study was to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL) in patients with periodontitis and nonsurgical periodontal treatment. A prospective, longitudinal case series study was carried out at the University Dental Clinic of the Morales Meseguer Hospital in Murcia. Eighty periodontal patients with periodontitis, aged 22 to 72 years, were included in this study. The Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14sp) questionnaire was used on two occasions: at the first visit and one month after completing the nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Clinical measurements of probing depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing were performed at baseline and after periodontal therapy. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance. We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the pre- and post-treatment in all the dimensions studied except disability. Similarly, statistically significant differences were also found according to the degree or stage of the disease. However, these differences were not observed with respect to the extent of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease has a negative impact on the OHRQoL of periodontal patients, especially in severe stages (III–IV). Basic periodontal treatment can improve the OHRQoL of periodontal patients one month after treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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14 pages, 1181 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis Using a Combined Nd: YAG and Er: YAG Laser Approach: Investigation of Clinical and Bone Loss Biomarkers

by Ioannis Fragkioudakis, Antonios Kallis, Evangelia Kesidou, Olympia Damianidou, Dimitra Sakellari and Ioannis Vouros

Dent. J. 2023, 11(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11030061 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2462

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the combined Nd-Er: YAG laser on the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis by evaluating clinical markers and biomarkers of bone loss (RANKL/OPG). Twenty (20) patients having at least 1 implant diagnosed with peri-implantitis were randomly [...] Read more.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the combined Nd-Er: YAG laser on the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis by evaluating clinical markers and biomarkers of bone loss (RANKL/OPG). Twenty (20) patients having at least 1 implant diagnosed with peri-implantitis were randomly assigned to two groups for surgical treatment. In the test group (n = 10), Er: YAG laser was used for granulation tissue removal and implant surface decontamination, while Nd: YAG laser was employed for deep tissue decontamination and biomodulation. In the control group (n = 10), an access flap was applied, and mechanical instrumentation of the implant surface was performed by using titanium curettes. The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and six months after treatment: Full-mouth Plaque Score (FMPS), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Probing Attachment Levels (PAL), recession (REC), and Bleeding on probing (BoP). Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected at baseline and six months for the evaluation of soluble RANKL and OPG utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Baseline clinical values were similar for both groups, with no statistical differences between them. The study results indicated statistically significant improvements in the clinical parameters during the 6-month observation period in both groups. More specifically, PPD, PAL, and REC were improved in the test and control groups with no differences in the between-groups comparisons. However, a greater reduction in the BoP-positive sites was noted for the laser group (Mean change 22.05 ± 33.92 vs. 55.00 ± 30.48, p = 0.037). The baseline and six-month comparisons of sRANKL and OPG revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The combined Nd: YAG—Er: YAG laser surgical therapy of peri-implantitis seemed to lead to more favorable improvements in regard to bleeding on probing six months after treatment compared to the conventional mechanical decontamination of the implant surface. None of the methods was found superior in the modification of bone loss biomarkers (RANKL, OPG) six months after treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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13 pages, 15273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of EDTA Gel on Residual Subgingival Calculus and Biofilm: An In Vitro Pilot Study

by Charles M. Cobb, Stephen K. Harrel, Donggao Zhao and Paulette Spencer

Dent. J. 2023, 11(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11010022 - 9 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3061

Abstract

Background: Residual calculus, following scaling and root planing (SRP), is associated with persistent inflammation and the progression of periodontitis. This study examined the effects of a 24% neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel on subgingival calculus and biofilms. Methods: Eleven single-rooted teeth extracted because [...] Read more.

Background: Residual calculus, following scaling and root planing (SRP), is associated with persistent inflammation and the progression of periodontitis. This study examined the effects of a 24% neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel on subgingival calculus and biofilms. Methods: Eleven single-rooted teeth extracted because of severe periodontal disease were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) three teeth served as untreated controls; (2) three teeth were treated by scaling and root planing (SRP) only; and (3) three teeth were treated by SRP + EDTA. The remaining two teeth, one SRP only and the other SRP + EDTA were designated for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. EDTA gel was placed on the SRP surface for 2 min and then burnished with a sterile cotton pellet. Results: SRP + EDTA treated specimens exhibited severely damaged biofilm and the disruption of the extracellular polymeric matrix. EDS scans of the smear layer and calculus featured reductions in the Weight % and Atomic % for N, F, Na, and S and increases in Mg, P, and Ca. Conclusions: A 25% neutral EDTA gel was applied after SRP severely disrupted the residual biofilm and altered the character of dental calculus and the smear layer as shown by reductions in the Weight % and Atomic % for N, F, Na, and S and increases in Mg, P, and Ca. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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11 pages, 1680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Express Diagnostics of Proteolytic Activity of Periodontopathogens—Methodological Approach

by Ekaterina Aronova, Marina Dmitrienko, Anastasija Ivanova, Yulia Gaykova, Anna Kurochkina, Alisa Blinova, Julia Bazarnova and Elizaveta Paponova

Dent. J. 2022, 10(11), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110217 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2181

Abstract

The species spectrum of the oral microbiome is considered to be the key factor in the development and progression of periodontal inflammatory disorders. The “red complex” including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola has the highest pathogenic potential. These bacteria have [...] Read more.

The species spectrum of the oral microbiome is considered to be the key factor in the development and progression of periodontal inflammatory disorders. The “red complex” including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola has the highest pathogenic potential. These bacteria have several biochemical mechanisms that allow them to colonize and destroy periodontal tissues. Proteolytic enzymes play a crucial role in this process. Early diagnosis of pathological conditions induced by microbial contamination allows for the timely treatment of periodontitis. Otherwise, the development of the disease may lead to tooth loss. A total of 48 patients aged 18 to 65 years old who required professional oral hygiene were recruited for this clinical study. Microbial content analysis of dental plaque from the interdental space and the back of the tongue was performed using real-time PCR. To determine the proteolytic activity of oral bacteria, the new express diagnostic method was applied (diagnostic sensitivity, 0.875; specificity, 0.928). The results demonstrate a strong and significant correlation between the new method and the PCR analysis (r = 0.785, p < 0.001). These results show that the new express method can be valuable as an early diagnostic method for periodontal inflammatory disorders caused by the “red complex” bacteria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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8 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Tooth Wear Epidemiology and Its Associated Periodontal Health and Sociodemographic Factors in a Cluster of Senior Citizens in Northern Greece

by Charis Theodoridis, George Menexes, Vasiliki Topitsoglou and Sotirios Kalfas

Dent. J. 2022, 10(11), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110216 - 18 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2468

Abstract

Tooth wear (TW) is an irreversible and cumulative phenomenon causing aesthetic and functional compromise. Increasing wear has been associated with age, and various other factors have been reported to influence its type and/or severity both in individuals and groups. Increased TW may constitute [...] Read more.

Tooth wear (TW) is an irreversible and cumulative phenomenon causing aesthetic and functional compromise. Increasing wear has been associated with age, and various other factors have been reported to influence its type and/or severity both in individuals and groups. Increased TW may constitute a major future problem for the elderly. The present cross-sectional study aims at determining the prevalence of TW in senior citizens from Northern Greece and evaluating the patient-level associations between TW, periodontal condition, and sociodemographic factors. A sample of 363 dentate individuals, aged between 65 and 74 years, was considered according to the WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys and three different dentists examined the representative population groups from different urban and rural areas in Northern Greece. The examiners were calibrated prior to the survey, with an interexaminer agreement of over 85%. The simplified TWI, community periodontal index (CPI), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (DI), calculus index (CI), and sociodemographic factors were detected and measured. TW is very prevalent among senior citizens in Northern Greece, with males having been found to experience more wear. Age and oral health status, when measured by the periodontal indices AL, DI, and CI, are significantly combined with TW in both urban and rural areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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12 pages, 16063 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Viability and Adhesion of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on a Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Combined with Collagen, Polylactic Acid–Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer and Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Preclinical Pilot Study

by Leonor C. Espitia-Quiroz, Andrés L. Fernández-Orjuela, Lina M. Anaya-Sampayo, Adriana P. Acosta-Gómez, Luis Gonzalo Sequeda-Castañeda, Sandra Janeth Gutiérrez-Prieto, Nelly S. Roa-Molina and Dabeiba A. García-Robayo

Dent. J. 2022, 10(9), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10090167 - 6 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2501

Abstract

Background: Conventional periodontal therapy relies on bone regeneration strategies utilizing scaffolds made of diverse materials, among which collagen, to promote cell adhesion and growth. Objective: To evaluate periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) cell adhesion and viability for periodontal regeneration purposes on hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing [...] Read more.

Background: Conventional periodontal therapy relies on bone regeneration strategies utilizing scaffolds made of diverse materials, among which collagen, to promote cell adhesion and growth. Objective: To evaluate periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) cell adhesion and viability for periodontal regeneration purposes on hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing collagen (HAp-egg shell) combined with polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF). Methods: Four variations of the HAp-egg shell were used to seed HPdLF for 24 h and evaluate cell viability through a live/dead assay: (1) (HAp-egg shell/PLGA), (2) (HAp-egg shell/PLGA + collagen), (3) (HAp-egg shell/PLGA + PRF) and (4) (HAp-egg shell/PLGA + PRF + collagen). Cell adhesion and viability were determined using confocal microscopy and quantified using central tendency and dispersion measurements; significant differences were determined using ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: Group 1 presented low cell viability and adhesion (3.70–10.17%); groups 2 and 3 presented high cell viability and low cell adhesion (group 2, 59.2–11.1%, group 3, 58–4.6%); group 4 presented the highest cell viability (82.8%) and moderate cell adhesion (45%) (p = 0.474). Conclusions: The effect of collagen on the HAp-egg shell/PLGA scaffold combined with PRF favored HPdLF cell adhesion and viability and could clinically have a positive effect on bone defect resolution and the regeneration of periodontal ligament tissue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

10 pages, 546 KiB

Open AccessReview

Minimally Invasive Non-Surgical Technique in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects—A Narrative Review

by Styliani Anoixiadou, Andreas Parashis and Ioannis Vouros

Dent. J. 2023, 11(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11010025 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3638

Abstract

Intrabony defects occur frequently in periodontitis and represent sites that, if left untreated, are at increased risk for disease progression. Although resective or repair procedures have been used to treat intrabony defects, aiming at their elimination, the treatment of choice is surgical periodontal [...] Read more.

Intrabony defects occur frequently in periodontitis and represent sites that, if left untreated, are at increased risk for disease progression. Although resective or repair procedures have been used to treat intrabony defects, aiming at their elimination, the treatment of choice is surgical periodontal regeneration. The development of periodontal regeneration in the last 30 years has followed two distinctive, though totally different, paths. The interest of researchers has so far focused on regenerative materials and products on one side, and on novel surgical approaches on the other side. In the area of materials and products, three different regenerative concepts have been explored namely, barrier membranes, bone grafts, and wound healing modifiers/biologics, plus many combinations of the aforementioned. In the area of surgical approaches, clinical innovation in flap design and handling, as well as minimally invasive approaches, has radically changed regenerative surgery. Recently, a minimally invasive non-surgical technique (MINST) for the treatment of intrabony defects was proposed. Initial clinical trials indicated comparable results to the surgical minimally invasive techniques in both clinical and radiographic outcomes. These results support the efficacy of this treatment approach. The aim of this review is to present the evidence on the application of minimally invasive non-surgical techniques and their efficacy in the treatment of intrabony defects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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Other

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16 pages, 2528 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Orally Derived Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Studies

by Alessandro Campagna, Giacomo Baima, Federica Romano, Federico Amoroso, Federico Mussano, Giacomo Oteri, Mario Aimetti and Matteo Peditto

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050145 - 16 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1643

Abstract

The present systematic review was performed to assess the application of orally derived stem cells in periodontal regenerative therapy, and because of this, the following PICO question was proposed: “In patients with periodontitis, can the adjunctive use of orally derived stem cells provide [...] Read more.

The present systematic review was performed to assess the application of orally derived stem cells in periodontal regenerative therapy, and because of this, the following PICO question was proposed: “In patients with periodontitis, can the adjunctive use of orally derived stem cells provide additional clinical and radiographic benefits for periodontal regeneration?”. Randomized clinical studies were electronically and manually searched up until December 2023. Quantitative analyses were performed with the aim of evaluating the mean differences (MDs) between the treatment and control groups in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, gingival recession (GR), and radiographic bone gain (RBG) using random effect models. A total of seven studies were selected for the systematic review. Meta-analyses excluding studies with a high risk of bias highlighted a non-statistically significant result for the use of stem cells when compared to the control groups in terms of CAL gain [MD = 1.05; 95% CI (−0.88, 2.97) p = 0.29] and PPD reduction [MD = 1.32; 95% CI (−0.25, 2.88) p = 0.10]. The same also applied to GR [MD = −0.08; 95% CI (−0.79, 0.63) p = 0.83] and RBG [MD = 0.50; 95% CI (−0.88, 1.88) p = 0.48]. Based on the high heterogeneity, there is not enough evidence to consider the adjunctive application of orally derived mesenchymal stem cells as a preferential approach for periodontal regenerative treatment, as compared to standard procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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10 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Efficacy of Periodontal Endoscopy during Subgingival Debridement to Treat Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

by Carlos M. Ardila and Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050112 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2533

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy (PEND) during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. The search strategy included four databases: PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Scielo. The initial [...] Read more.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy (PEND) during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. The search strategy included four databases: PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Scielo. The initial online exploration generated 228 reports, and 3 RCTs met the selection criteria. These RCTs described a statistically significant decrease in probing depth (PD) in the PEND group compared to controls after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The improvement in PD was 2.5 mm for PEND and 1.8 mm for the control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). It was also described that the PEND group presented a significantly inferior proportion of PD 7 to 9 mm at 12 months (0.5%) as compared to the control group (1.84%) (p = 0.03). All RCTs noted improvements in clinical attachment level (CAL). It was described as having significant differences in bleeding on probing (BOP) in favor of PEND, with an average reduction of 43% versus 21% in the control groups. Similarly, it was also presented that they were significant differences in plaque indices in favor of PEND. PEND during subgingival debridement to treat periodontitis demonstrated efficacy in reducing PD. Improvement was also observed in CAL and BOP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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14 pages, 1488 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Periodontal Disease in Obese Patients; Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein Study: A Systematic Review

by Julieta Cruz-Ávila, Elizabeth Hernández-Pérez, Rogelio González-González, Ronell Bologna-Molina and Nelly Molina-Frechero

Dent. J. 2022, 10(12), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10120225 - 29 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2487

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Both conditions trigger inflammatory and immune responses with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the release of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Individuals with [...] Read more.

Periodontal disease (PD) and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Both conditions trigger inflammatory and immune responses with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the release of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Individuals with a high body mass index (BMI) present a chronic inflammatory state. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP) in obese patients with PD and their possible relationship by analyzing the levels of these markers. A digital literature search was performed in three databases—PubMed, SciElo and Medigraphic—through an advanced search for original articles, employing IL-6 and CRP in obese patients with PD, within a publication period from 2010 to 2021. PRISMA guidelines, the JADAD scale and a qualitative analysis of scientific evidence were performed using the Cochrane collaboration method and the RoB 2 assessment tool. Ten articles were included in this analysis with the variables recorded and associated with subjects with obesity and PD. Of the ten articles included, three analyzed IL-6 and CRP, four analyzed IL-6 and three analyzed CRP. In conclusion, and based on the available evidence, the aforementioned markers of inflammation demonstrate that there is a relationship between PD and obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)

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Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment

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