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Designs
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Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design
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Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design

A special issue of Designs (ISSN 2411-9660). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2018) | Viewed by 64236

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ernesto Benini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: CFD of flows in industrial and energy systems: optimal design methods; performance analysis in design and off-design conditions; full-annulus uRANS methods; aerothermodynamics of propulsion machines; CFD of supersonic and hypersonic flows
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last few decades, there has been increased attention to enriching multi-disciplinary capabilities of turbomachinery design methods by enforcing integration of aerodynamical, structural and other technological aspects, e.g., development of robust design methods resulting in a prolongation of machine performance over its entire life. To this aim, literature of the work has witnessed the rapid growth of research developments on multi-objective design optimization, advanced simulation techniques and data-mining of experimental data to support turbomachinery design.

The primary objective of this Special Issue is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and to identify critical issues and challenges for future investigation on turbomachinery design methods, optimization techniques, multi-criteria simulation and performance assessment.

Prof. Dr. Ernesto Benini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Designs is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Turbomachinery design methods
  • Turbomachinery optimization methods
  • Multidisciplinary and multiobjective design of turbomachines
  • Robust optimization of turbomachines
  • Optimization under uncertainties
  • Experimental design methods
  • Data mining in support to turbomachinery design

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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21 pages, 4291 KiB  
Article
Computational Design Optimization for S-Ducts
by Alessio D’Ambros, Timoleon Kipouros, Pavlos Zachos, Mark Savill and Ernesto Benini
Designs 2018, 2(4), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2040036 - 12 Oct 2018
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5706
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the computational design of a typical S-Duct that is found in the literature. We model the design problem as a shape optimization study. The design parameters describe the 3D geometrical changes to the shape of the S-Duct and [...] Read more.
In this work, we investigate the computational design of a typical S-Duct that is found in the literature. We model the design problem as a shape optimization study. The design parameters describe the 3D geometrical changes to the shape of the S-Duct and we assess the improvements to the aerodynamic behavior by considering two objective functions: the pressure losses and the swirl. The geometry management is controlled with the Free-Form Deformation (FFD) technique, the analysis of the flow is performed using steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the exploration of the design space is achieved using the heuristic optimization algorithm Tabu Search (MOTS). The results reveal potential improvements by 14% with respect to the pressure losses and by 71% with respect to the swirl of the flow. These findings exceed by a large margin the optimality level that was achieved by other approaches in the literature. Further investigation of a range of optimum geometries is performed and reported with a detailed discussion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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17 pages, 2336 KiB  
Article
Aerodynamic Design of Low-Speed Axial-Flow Fans: A Historical Overview
by Stefano Castegnaro
Designs 2018, 2(3), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2030020 - 21 Jun 2018
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 16508
Abstract
The paper presents a historical overview of the developments of aerodynamic design methods for low-speed axial-flow fans. This historical overview starts from the first fan applications, dating back to the 16th century, and arrives to the modern times of computer-based design techniques, passing [...] Read more.
The paper presents a historical overview of the developments of aerodynamic design methods for low-speed axial-flow fans. This historical overview starts from the first fan applications, dating back to the 16th century, and arrives to the modern times of computer-based design techniques, passing through the pioneering times of aerodynamic theories and the times of designing before computers. The overview shows that the major achievements in the axial fan design discipline have actually been related to other technological fields, such as marine and aeronautical propulsion, as well as to the development of wind tunnels. At the end of the paper, the reader will have acquired a complete panorama of how the historical developments of the discipline have brought us to the current state of the art. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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18 pages, 3899 KiB  
Article
On Surrogate-Based Optimization of Truly Reversible Blade Profiles for Axial Fans
by Gino Angelini, Tommaso Bonanni, Alessandro Corsini, Giovanni Delibra, Lorenzo Tieghi and David Volponi
Designs 2018, 2(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2020019 - 20 Jun 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3879
Abstract
Open literature offers a wide canvas of techniques for surrogate-based multi-objective optimization. The large majority of works focus on methodological and theoretical aspects and are applied to simple mathematical functions. The present work aims at defining and assessing surrogate-based techniques used in complex [...] Read more.
Open literature offers a wide canvas of techniques for surrogate-based multi-objective optimization. The large majority of works focus on methodological and theoretical aspects and are applied to simple mathematical functions. The present work aims at defining and assessing surrogate-based techniques used in complex optimization problems pertinent to the aerodynamics of reversible aerofoils. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: how meta-model techniques affect the results of the multi-objective optimization problem, and how these meta-models should be exploited in an optimization test-bed. The multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) is solved using genetic optimization based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II. The paper explores the possibility to reduce the computational cost of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) using two different surrogate models (SM): a least square method (LSM), and an artificial neural network (ANN). SMs were tested in two optimization approaches with different levels of computational effort. In the end, the paper provides a critical analysis of the results obtained with the methodologies under scrutiny and the impact of SMs on MOEA. The results demonstrate how surrogate model incorporation into MOEAs influences the effectiveness of the optimization process itself, and establish a methodology for aerodynamic optimization tasks in the fan industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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25 pages, 13449 KiB  
Article
Development of a Butterfly Wind Turbine with Mechanical Over-Speed Control System
by Yutaka Hara, Kotaro Tagawa, Shigenori Saito, Keisuke Shioya, Takeshi Ono, Kenji Makino, Kazutoshi Toba, Takakazu Hirobayashi, Yousuke Tanaka, Kazuo Takashima, Susumu Sasaki, Kengo Nojima and Shigeo Yoshida
Designs 2018, 2(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2020017 - 12 Jun 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5744
Abstract
Based on a concept of “cost reduction by large rotor and small generator”, a kind of small vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) called a butterfly wind turbine (BWT) has been developed with rotor diameter of 7 m and five looped blades. One of [...] Read more.
Based on a concept of “cost reduction by large rotor and small generator”, a kind of small vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) called a butterfly wind turbine (BWT) has been developed with rotor diameter of 7 m and five looped blades. One of the features is a mechanical system which can twist each blade of a VAWT by using the centrifugal force acting on the blades in order to prevent over-speeding of the rotor. An electric power generation system that combines the BWT utilizing the over-speed control system (OCS) with a coreless generator connected to a three-time increasing gear unit is constructed in this study. The performance of the BWT power-generation system is predicted by the blade element momentum (BEM) theory. The final goal of this research is to show the feasibility of the low-cost VAWT power generation system with the proposed OCS. From the results of a series of forcible rotation experiments of the BWT rotor that is driven by an induction motor in very low wind speed condition, it is shown that the twist movement of the blades is improved by the design of the OCS that considers the observed radial force deprived of the centrifugal force and the pre-compression of springs. In the generation experiments with the final design of the OCS, the expected twists of the blades are observed for the first time in strong natural wind speed over 18 m/s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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22 pages, 6760 KiB  
Article
Design and Optimization of Fuel Injection of a 50 kW Micro Turbogas
by Roberto Capata and Manuele Achille
Designs 2018, 2(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2020014 - 18 May 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5018
Abstract
The present article deals with the design of a micro turbogas turbine suitable for on board applications, e.g., as a power generator on hybrid transit bus, characterized by a simple constructive approach. Deriving the machine layout from an existing KJ-66 aircraft model engine, [...] Read more.
The present article deals with the design of a micro turbogas turbine suitable for on board applications, e.g., as a power generator on hybrid transit bus, characterized by a simple constructive approach. Deriving the machine layout from an existing KJ-66 aircraft model engine, the authors propose a theoretical design of a compact, lightweight turbogas turbine, by investigating the technical possibility and limits of the proposed design. In particular, a different combustion chamber layout has been proposed, and fuel adduction channels for different swirler designs have been simulated via ANSYS Fluent in order to identify a satisfactory fuel spreading. As a result, the complete characterization of the design parameters and geometries has been performed, and a series of RANS simulations has been used in order to identify an optimal swirler configuration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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16 pages, 5488 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Mixing Performance of Different Impeller Designs in Stirred Vessels Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
by Ian Torotwa and Changying Ji
Designs 2018, 2(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2010010 - 8 Mar 2018
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 22310
Abstract
Design and operation of mixing systems using agitated vessels is a difficult task due to the challenge of obtaining accurate information on impeller-induced turbulence. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can provide detailed understanding of such systems. In this study, experimental tests [...] Read more.
Design and operation of mixing systems using agitated vessels is a difficult task due to the challenge of obtaining accurate information on impeller-induced turbulence. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can provide detailed understanding of such systems. In this study, experimental tests and computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to examine the flow characteristics of four impeller designs (anchor, saw-tooth, counter-flow and Rushton turbine), in achieving solution homogeneity. The impellers were used to mix potassium sulfate granules, from which values of electrical conductivity of the solution were measured and used to estimate the distribution pattern of dissolved solid concentrations within the vessel. CFD models were developed for similar mixing arrangement using commercial software, ANSYS Fluent 18.1 solver and the standard k-epsilon (ε) turbulence model. The Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach was used to simulate the impeller rotation. Velocity profiles generated from the simulations were in good agreement with the experimental predictions, as well as with results from previous studies. It was concluded that, through CFD analysis, detailed information can be obtained for optimal design of mixing apparatus. These findings are relevant in choosing the best mixing equipment and provides a basis for scaling up mixing operations in larger systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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4995 KiB  
Article
Demand Response Design of Domestic Heat Pumps
by Mohammed Jasim M. Al Essa
Designs 2018, 2(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2010001 - 23 Dec 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3751
Abstract
This paper proposes an emergency-based demand response (DR) controller of domestic heat pump (DHP) units based on an estimated frequency of the UK electricity in 2035. The normal pattern of DHP demand is adjusted to maintain system frequency within its limit using a [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an emergency-based demand response (DR) controller of domestic heat pump (DHP) units based on an estimated frequency of the UK electricity in 2035. The normal pattern of DHP demand is adjusted to maintain system frequency within its limit using a linear model of power and temperature inside low-carbon houses, while considering consumer comfort. Simulation results show that the proposed DR design of static/dynamic frequency-controlled DHPs will increase the amount of power reserve by 75% and the amount of electricity market by 70%, as compared to their values of the current frequency response by flexible loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Progress in Turbomachinery Design)
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