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Diagnostics
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Recent Advances in Hematology and Oncology
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Recent Advances in Hematology and Oncology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 4331

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chohao Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
2. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
Interests: hematology; oncology; evidence-based medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Greetings! 

This Special Issue is dedicated to showcasing recent breakthroughs in the fields of hematology and oncology, providing a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research that contributes to our understanding of oncological and hematological malignancies. 

We welcome submissions of articles that explore emerging therapies, diagnostic techniques, and molecular insights, offering valuable perspectives for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare practitioners alike. Key themes to be addressed include precision medicine, immunotherapy, genomics, and targeted therapies. Through this initiative, our goal is to serve as an indispensable resource, bridging knowledge gaps and fostering further advancements in the dynamic realms of hematology and oncology. 

We eagerly anticipate your contributions to this Special Issue, and we believe that your insights will significantly contribute to the collective knowledge in these crucial fields. 

Dr. Chohao Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hematological malignancies
  • lymphoma
  • leukemia
  • multiple myeloma
  • precision medicine
  • immunotherapy
  • genomics
  • targeted therapies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 994 KiB  
Article
Laboratory Evaluation of Interferences Associated with Factor XIa Inhibitors Asundexian and Milvexian in Routine Coagulation Assays
by Gavin T. Buckley, Maeve P. Crowley and James V. Harte
Diagnostics 2024, 14(17), 1991; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171991 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used for the treatment of thrombosis. While inhibitors of factor IIa and factor Xa have shown effectiveness, the risk of bleeding remains a significant concern. Recently, direct factor XIa inhibitors—including asundexian and milvexian—have emerged as potential anticoagulation [...] Read more.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used for the treatment of thrombosis. While inhibitors of factor IIa and factor Xa have shown effectiveness, the risk of bleeding remains a significant concern. Recently, direct factor XIa inhibitors—including asundexian and milvexian—have emerged as potential anticoagulation therapies, based on clinical observations that patients with factor XIa deficiencies seldom present with spontaneous bleeding tendencies. The interferences associated with DOACs in routine and specialised coagulation assays are well-described; however, the interferences associated with emerging FXIa inhibitors are largely uncharacterised. Here, we briefly report the impact of asundexian and milvexian in routine coagulation assays using in vitro plasma-based systems. Asundexian and milvexian induce concentration-dependent prolongations in APTT-based assays with curvilinear regressions, which may be suitable for the measurement of pharmacodynamic effects at peak levels ex vivo. We also report differential sensitivities of APTT-based assays—particularly at higher FXIa inhibitor concentrations—highlighting the clinical need for an extensive evaluation of interferences associated with FXIa inhibitors in coagulation assays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Hematology and Oncology)
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13 pages, 1835 KiB  
Article
Complete Blood Counts and Research Parameters in the Detection of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
by Eloísa Urrechaga, Mónica Fernández and Urko Aguirre
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131322 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 860
Abstract
The diagnosis of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is frequently challenging, especially in terms of the distinction from the other non-neoplastic causes of cytopenia. Currently, it is based on the presence of peripheral blood cytopenias, peripheral blood and bone marrow dysplasia/blasts, and clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, [...] Read more.
The diagnosis of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is frequently challenging, especially in terms of the distinction from the other non-neoplastic causes of cytopenia. Currently, it is based on the presence of peripheral blood cytopenias, peripheral blood and bone marrow dysplasia/blasts, and clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, but MDS diagnostic features are polymorphic and non-specific. We investigated the utility of complete blood count (CBC) and research parameters (RUO) from the analyzer BC 6800 Plus (Mindray Diagnostics) to discriminate MDS-related cytopenia. Methods: 100 samples from healthy individuals were used to establish the values of research parameters in normal subjects. A retrospective study was conducted including 66 patients diagnosed with MDS, 90 cytopenic patients due to other diseases (cancer patients receiving therapy, aplastic anemia, other hematological malignancies) and 50 with macrocytic anemia. The Wilcoxon test was applied to detect statistical differences among the groups of patients, considering p < 0.05 significant. The diagnostic performance of the RUO parameters for discriminating MDS among cytopenias was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Amultivariable logistic regression model was performed to identify the potential predictors for having MDS. The area under curve (AUC) and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test of the model were assessed. The performance of the model was verified in a prospective study including 224 cytopenic patients (validation group). Results: In the MDS group, the mean cell volume (MCV), percentage of macrocytic red cells (MAC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and immature platelets fraction (IPF) had increased values compared to the cytopenic and normal patients, while platelets, red and white cell counts, Neu X (related to the cytoplasmic complexity of neutrophils), Neu Y (related to nucleic acid content) and Neu Z (related to cell size) were lower (p < 0.001). Neu X, Neu Y, and Neu Z showed higher AUC for detecting MDS > 0.80; MAC, RDW and IPF AUC > 0.76. The multivariable model demonstrated that Neu X and Neu Y could be used in the recognition of MDS, AUC 0.88. In the validation group, 89.0% of the MDS patients were well classified. Conclusion: MDS are common malignant disorders with a poor prognosis, and early diagnosis is warranted for optimal benefit from treatment. RUO gain insights to detect dysplasia of MDS and could be used in the differential diagnosis of MDS from cytopenias of other etiologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Hematology and Oncology)
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Other

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8 pages, 1354 KiB  
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Capillary Leak Syndrome Associated with Anaplastic T Cell Lymphoma and Transcutaneous Exudation: An Unusual Presentation
by Radu Andrei Tomai, Antonia Oancea, Ciprian Tomuleasa and Delia Dima
Diagnostics 2024, 14(17), 1924; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171924 - 31 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 749
Abstract
Capillary leak syndrome is a rare complication of cancer, particularly of hematologic malignancies. The syndrome was first described as an idiopathic entity; however, increasingly, more cases are being reported in association with cancers and other conditions. Diagnosis stems from the recognition of the [...] Read more.
Capillary leak syndrome is a rare complication of cancer, particularly of hematologic malignancies. The syndrome was first described as an idiopathic entity; however, increasingly, more cases are being reported in association with cancers and other conditions. Diagnosis stems from the recognition of the double paradox, consisting of severe generalized oedema and hypotension, accompanied by hallmark laboratory modifications. Concurrent conditions in patients with malignancies can alter laboratory findings and make the diagnosis a challenge. This report presents the case of a patient with capillary leak syndrome and an atypical presentation, with generalized skin rash and transcutaneous exudation occurring concurrently with anaplastic large T cell lymphoma, macrophage activation syndrome, and cytopenias. Symptom-specific treatment with diuretics and albumin was ineffective in the case of our patient; however, the CLS remitted promptly with cancer-specific therapy. No treatment has proved to be generally effective against CLS up to date, as is the case for this patient. Thus, the rapid recognition of cancer-associated capillary leak syndrome and the initiation of cancer-specific treatment proves to be the better approach and is key to avoiding unnecessary delays and ineffective treatments targeted specifically at CLS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Hematology and Oncology)
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6 pages, 4724 KiB  
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Nodal Low-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Co-Expressing CD5 and CD10 but Not CD23, IRTA1, or Cyclin D1: The Diagnostic Challenge of a Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
by Khin-Than Win, Yen-Chuan Hsieh, Hung-Chang Wu and Shih-Sung Chuang
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060640 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1457
Abstract
The diagnosis of lymphoma is based on histopathological and immunophenotypical features. CD5 and CD10 are traditionally considered a T-cell antigen and a germinal center B-cell antigen, respectively. It is very unusual for a low-grade B-cell lymphoma (BCL) to co-express CD5 and CD10. Although [...] Read more.
The diagnosis of lymphoma is based on histopathological and immunophenotypical features. CD5 and CD10 are traditionally considered a T-cell antigen and a germinal center B-cell antigen, respectively. It is very unusual for a low-grade B-cell lymphoma (BCL) to co-express CD5 and CD10. Although the biologic basis or clinical significance of such co-expression is unclear, this rare event may pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Here, we report a case of a 63-year-old male presenting with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis. Histologically, the nodal tumor was largely diffuse with neoplastic small atypical lymphocytes co-expressing CD5, CD10, and CD20, but not CD23 or cyclin D1. The leukemic cells in the peripheral blood exhibited hairy projections. Taking together the marked splenomegaly, involvement of lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood, a final diagnosis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) was reached. The patient was alive with partial response for 10 months after immunochemotherapy. The dual expression of CD5 and CD10 is extremely unusual for low-grade BCL and may lead to an erroneous diagnosis. Integrating the findings into peripheral blood smear tests, flow cytometry, histopathology, imaging, and clinical features is mandatory to exclude other lymphoma types and to reach a correct diagnosis, particularly for a case with nodal presentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Hematology and Oncology)
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