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Diagnostics
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Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases
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Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 10877

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mukul Vij

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Interests: hepatopathology; primary liver cancer; pediatric cholestasis; anatomic pathology; transplant pathology
Dr. Julien Calderaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
Interests: hepatopathology; primary liver cancer; artificial intelligence in liver diseases; molecular liver pathology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hepatobiliary diseases are a highly complex and heterogeneous group of disorders that include a vast number of benign and malignant conditions. There has been a worldwide increase in the number of patients afflicted with hepatobiliary diseases. Light microscopic evaluation remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of most pediatric and adult primary hepatobiliary diseases, as well as focal or diffuse space-occupying lesions. These are very exciting times in liver pathology, as there has been tremendous improvement in our understanding of the pathogenetic process of many hepatobiliary disease processes and liver cancer, thus, further strengthening the role of pathologists evaluating liver biopsies.

This Special Issue aims to review advances in the pathology of pediatric and adult hepatobiliary diseases, such as cholestasis, steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cholangiopathies, vascular liver diseases, drug-induced liver injury, primary liver cancer and others. We welcome original submissions, reviews, or brief reports for this Special Issue.

Dr. Mukul Vij
Dr. Julien Calderaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • primary liver cancer
  • cholestasis
  • hereditary liver diseases
  • hepatitis
  • cholangiopathy
  • steatohepatitis
  • allograft pathology
  • molecular pathology
  • drug-induced liver injury
  • pediatric liver tumors

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2163 KiB  
Article
An Immunohistochemical Study of MAGE Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Stylianos Tologkos, Vasiliki Papadatou, Achilleas G. Mitrakas, Olga Pagonopoulou, Grigorios Tripsianis, Triantafyllos Alexiadis, Christina-Angelika Alexiadi, Antonios-Periklis Panagiotopoulos, Christina Nikolaidou and Maria Lambropoulou
Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151692 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1109
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one the most common primary malignancies with high mortality and morbidity. The melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) gene family includes several genes that are highly expressed in numerous human cancers, making many of them part of the cancer-testis antigen (CTA) family. [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one the most common primary malignancies with high mortality and morbidity. The melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) gene family includes several genes that are highly expressed in numerous human cancers, making many of them part of the cancer-testis antigen (CTA) family. MAGE-C1 is expressed in various malignancies but is absent in normal cells, except for the male germ line. Its presence is associated with a worse prognosis, increased tumor aggressiveness, and lymph node invasion. Similarly, MAGE-C2 is linked to the development of various malignant tumors. Despite these associations, the roles and mechanisms of MAGE-C1/MAGE-C2 in HCC remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of MAGE-C1 and MAGE-C2 in HCC and correlate it with clinicohistological characteristics. Our findings indicated that MAGE-C1 expression is associated with a higher number of nodules, elevated AFP levels, HBV or HCV positivity, older age, male sex, and lymph node invasion. MAGE-C2 expression was correlated with these characteristics and the presence of cirrhosis. These results align with the limited literature, which suggests a correlation between MAGE expression and older age and HBV infection. Consequently, our study suggests that MAGE-C1 and MAGE-C2 are promising novel biomarkers for prognosis and potential therapeutic targets in HCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases)
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14 pages, 930 KiB  
Article
Non-Invasive Prediction of Choledocholithiasis Using 1D Convolutional Neural Networks and Clinical Data
by Enrique Mena-Camilo, Sebastián Salazar-Colores, Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernández, Edgard Efrén Lozada-Hernández and Juan Manuel Ramos-Arreguín
Diagnostics 2024, 14(12), 1278; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121278 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 745
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel one-dimensional convolutional neural network that utilizes clinical data to accurately detect choledocholithiasis, where gallstones obstruct the common bile duct. Swift and precise detection of this condition is critical to preventing severe complications, such as biliary colic, jaundice, and [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a novel one-dimensional convolutional neural network that utilizes clinical data to accurately detect choledocholithiasis, where gallstones obstruct the common bile duct. Swift and precise detection of this condition is critical to preventing severe complications, such as biliary colic, jaundice, and pancreatitis. This cutting-edge model was rigorously compared with other machine learning methods commonly used in similar problems, such as logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, and a state-of-the-art random forest, using a dataset derived from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography scans performed at Olive View–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center. The one-dimensional convolutional neural network model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving 90.77% accuracy and 92.86% specificity, with an area under the curve of 0.9270. While the paper acknowledges potential areas for improvement, it emphasizes the effectiveness of the one-dimensional convolutional neural network architecture. The results suggest that this one-dimensional convolutional neural network approach could serve as a plausible alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, considering its disadvantages, such as the need for specialized equipment and skilled personnel and the risk of postoperative complications. The potential of the one-dimensional convolutional neural network model to significantly advance the clinical diagnosis of this gallstone-related condition is notable, offering a less invasive, potentially safer, and more accessible alternative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases)
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14 pages, 558 KiB  
Article
Prophylactic Medication during Radioembolization in Metastatic Liver Disease: Is It Really Necessary? A Retrospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review of the Literature
by Manon N. G. J. A. Braat, Sander C. Ebbers, Ahmed A. Alsultan, Atal O. Neek, Rutger C. G. Bruijnen, Maarten L. J. Smits, Joep de Bruijne, Marnix G. E. H. Lam and Arthur J. A. T. Braat
Diagnostics 2023, 13(24), 3652; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13243652 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1264
Abstract
Purpose: Trans-arterial radioembolization is a well-studied tumoricidal treatment for liver malignancies; however, consensus and evidence regarding periprocedural prophylactic medication (PPM) are lacking. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis from 2014 to 2020 was performed in patients treated with 90Y-glass microspheres for neuroendocrine or [...] Read more.
Purpose: Trans-arterial radioembolization is a well-studied tumoricidal treatment for liver malignancies; however, consensus and evidence regarding periprocedural prophylactic medication (PPM) are lacking. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis from 2014 to 2020 was performed in patients treated with 90Y-glass microspheres for neuroendocrine or colorectal liver metastases. Inclusion criteria were the availability of at least 3 months of clinical, biochemical, and imaging follow-up and post-treatment 90Y-PET/CT imaging for the determination of the whole non-tumorous liver absorbed dose (Dh). Logistic regression models were used to investigate if variables (among which are P/UDCA and Dh) were associated with either clinical toxicity, biochemical toxicity, or hepatotoxicity. Additionally, a structured literature search was performed in November 2022 to identify all publications related to PPM use in radioembolization treatments. Results: Fifty-one patients received P/UDCA as post-treatment medication, while 19 did not. No correlation was found between toxicity and P/UDCA use. Dh was associated with biochemical toxicity (p = 0.05). A literature review resulted in eight relevant articles, including a total of 534 patients, in which no consistent advice regarding PPM was provided. Conclusion: In this single-center, retrospective review, P/UDCA use did not reduce liver toxicity in patients with metastatic liver disease. The whole non-tumorous liver-absorbed dose was the only significant factor for hepatotoxicity. No standardized international guidelines or supporting evidence exist for PPM in radioembolization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 40726 KiB  
Review
Autoimmune Hepatitis: From Evolution to Current Status—A Pathologist’s Perspective
by Puja Sakhuja and Surbhi Goyal
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020210 - 18 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, relapsing and remitting, immune-mediated liver disease that progresses to cirrhosis if left untreated. A significant number of patients may present with acute hepatitis or acute liver failure, which are often misdiagnosed as toxic liver injury. AIH shows [...] Read more.
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, relapsing and remitting, immune-mediated liver disease that progresses to cirrhosis if left untreated. A significant number of patients may present with acute hepatitis or acute liver failure, which are often misdiagnosed as toxic liver injury. AIH shows a preponderance in young women but may be seen in children and the elderly. Diagnosis requires the integration of clinical, biochemical, and serologic parameters, along with supportive liver histology and exclusion of other causes of liver disease. Liver biopsy is a prerequisite for diagnosis of AIH, to assess severity and stage of disease, exclude other entities, and recognize any concurrent morbidities. No single biomarker or histologic feature is pathognomonic for AIH. The diagnostic and histologic criteria have undergone several modifications since the original scoring system was proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) in 1993. Recently, the IAIHG has proposed consensus recommendations for histologic criteria, relevant for both acute and chronic AIH. This review article will describe the evolving diagnostic criteria for AIH, with their limitations and utility, and with an emphasis on the role of liver histology in the diagnosis and management of AIH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases)
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58 pages, 76598 KiB  
Review
Update on the Pathology of Pediatric Liver Tumors: A Pictorial Review
by Priyanka Bhagat, Mukul Vij, Lexmi Priya Raju, Gowripriya Gowrishankar, Jagadeesh Menon, Naresh Shanmugam, Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy, Ashwin Rammohan and Mohamed Rela
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3524; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233524 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3459
Abstract
Liver tumors in children are uncommon and show remarkable morphologic heterogeneity. Pediatric tumors may arise from either the epithelial or mesenchymal component of the liver and rarely may also show both lines of differentiation. Both benign and malignant liver tumors have been reported [...] Read more.
Liver tumors in children are uncommon and show remarkable morphologic heterogeneity. Pediatric tumors may arise from either the epithelial or mesenchymal component of the liver and rarely may also show both lines of differentiation. Both benign and malignant liver tumors have been reported in children. The most common pediatric liver tumors by age are benign hepatic infantile hemangiomas in neonates and infants, malignant hepatoblastoma in infants and toddlers, and malignant hepatocellular carcinoma in teenagers. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of pediatric liver tumors. We discuss the clinical presentation, imaging findings, pathology, and relevant molecular features that can help in the correct identification of these tumors, which is important in managing these children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases)
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Other

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6 pages, 4885 KiB  
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Aggressive Variant of Hepatic Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma with PD-L1 and SSTR2a Expression
by Madhur Pardasani, Muthukumarassamy Rajakannu, Mukul Vij, Rajesh Rajalingam and Mohamed Rela
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2916; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182916 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1342
Abstract
An aggressive Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell (IPT-like FDC) sarcoma is reported in an adult female. The patient developed multifocal recurrence and passed away 13 months after the initial surgical resection. A bright field microscopic examination of the tumor demonstrated [...] Read more.
An aggressive Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell (IPT-like FDC) sarcoma is reported in an adult female. The patient developed multifocal recurrence and passed away 13 months after the initial surgical resection. A bright field microscopic examination of the tumor demonstrated a classical growth pattern and the diffuse expression of Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and somatostatin receptor 2a (SSTR2a). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases)
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