Diagnostics

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10 pages, 603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

by Lidia Arce-Sánchez, Salvatore Giovanni Vitale, Claudia Montserrat Flores-Robles, Myrna Souraye Godines-Enriquez, Marco Noventa, Carmen Marcela Urquia-Figueroa, Nayeli Martínez-Cruz, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, Salvador Espino y Sosa, José Romo-Yañez, Araceli Montoya-Estrada and Enrique Reyes-Muñoz

Diagnostics 2021, 11(3), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030417 - 1 Mar 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2545

Abstract

The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using two different cut-off levels for TSH values (≥2.5 mIU/L versus ≥4.1 mIU/L). The secondary objective was to analyze the clinical-biochemical characteristics in women with and without SCH. [...] Read more.

The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using two different cut-off levels for TSH values (≥2.5 mIU/L versus ≥4.1 mIU/L). The secondary objective was to analyze the clinical-biochemical characteristics in women with and without SCH. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In total, 1496 Mexican women with infertility were included: Group 1, women with TSH levels ranging between 0.3 and 2.49 mIU/L, n = 886; Group 2, women with TSH between 2.5 and 4.09 mIU/L, n = 390; and Group 3, women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L n = 220. SCH prevalence was 40.7% (CI 95%: 38.3–43.3%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L, and 14.7% (CI 95%: 12.7–16.5%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L, (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of overweight was higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. Thyroid autoimmunity, obesity and insulin resistance were higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH in our selected patients increased almost three times using a TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L compared with a TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L. Women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L compared with TSH cut-off ≤ 2.5 mIU/L more often presented with obesity, thyroid autoimmunity and insulin resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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9 pages, 2645 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Quality Assessment of Endoscopic Forceps Biopsy Samples under Magnifying Narrow Band Imaging for Histological Diagnosis of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Feasibility Study

by Kunihisa Uchita, Hideki Kobara, Kenji Yorita, Yuriko Shigehisa, Chihiro Kuroiwa, Noriko Nishiyama, Yohei Takahashi, Yuka Kai, Jun Kunikata, Toshio Shimokawa, Uiko Hanaoka, Kenji Kanenishi, Tsutomu Masaki, Koki Hirano and Noriya Uedo

Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020360 - 20 Feb 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3252

Abstract

The current standard for diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is colposcopy followed by punch biopsy. We have developed flexible magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) for the diagnosis of CIN. Here, we investigated the feasibility of targeted endoscopic forceps biopsy (E-Bx) under [...] Read more.

The current standard for diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is colposcopy followed by punch biopsy. We have developed flexible magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) for the diagnosis of CIN. Here, we investigated the feasibility of targeted endoscopic forceps biopsy (E-Bx) under guidance of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of CIN. We prospectively enrolled 32 consecutive patients with confirmed or suspected high-grade CIN undergoing cervical conization. Next to colposcopy, the same patients underwent ME-NBI just before conization. ME-NBI was performed, and 30 E-Bx samples were taken from lesions suspicious for high-grade CIN and 15 from non-suspicious mucosa. We recalled 82 punch biopsy (P-Bx) specimens taken from lesions suspicious for high-grade CIN under colposcopic examination before enrollment. The proportion of sufficient biopsy samples, which had an entire mucosal layer with subepithelial tissue, for the diagnosis of CIN was evaluated by both methods. Performance of targeted E-Bx for the final diagnosis of at least high-grade CIN was calculated. Seventeen P-Bx specimens were unavailable. The proportion of sufficient samples with E-Bx was 84%, which was similar to that with P-Bx (87%) (p = 0.672). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ME-NBI using E-Bx was 92%, 81%, and 88%, respectively. In conclusion, ME-NBI-guided E-Bx samples were feasible for histological diagnoses of CIN, and further investigation of its diagnostic accuracy is warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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6 pages, 1424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wavy Floating Greater Omentum Findings Are Useful for Differentiating the Etiology of Fetal Ascites

by Takashi Iizuka, Masanori Ono, Rena Yamazaki, Kyosuke Kagami, Yusuke Mitani, Seisho Sakai and Hiroshi Fujiwara

Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020326 - 17 Feb 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3289

Abstract

The greater omentum is an apron-like peritoneal mesothelial sheet that was described by ultrasound as a floating fluid-filled viscus in ascites during the fetal period. To examine the association between the etiology of fetal ascites and ultrasound findings of the greater omentum, a [...] Read more.

The greater omentum is an apron-like peritoneal mesothelial sheet that was described by ultrasound as a floating fluid-filled viscus in ascites during the fetal period. To examine the association between the etiology of fetal ascites and ultrasound findings of the greater omentum, a retrospective study was conducted. Ultrasound findings of fetal omentum were defined as follows: (1) a cyst-like shape with a thin membrane observed as wavy in the ascites, (2) beside the stomach and below the liver, and (3) no blood flow noted on color Doppler. Eleven pregnancies had fetal ascites. A fetal greater omentum was confirmed in eight cases in which ascites were caused by non-peritonitis: fetal hydrops (n = 4), congenital cytomegalovirus infection (n = 2), idiopathic chylous ascites (n = 1), and unknown cause (n = 1). Of these eight cases, no abdominal surgical management was required in three live babies. However, a fetal greater omentum was not confirmed in all three cases of meconium peritonitis. It was suggested that the finding of the greater omentum can be an important clue for estimating the pathophysiological etiology of fetal ascites and helping with postnatal management. It should be reasonable to add the finding of the greater omentum to the detailed ultrasound examination checklist. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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14 pages, 1361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Reciprocally Dysregulated miRNAs in Eutopic Endometrium Is a Promising Approach for Low Invasive Diagnostics of Adenomyosis

by Evgeny Borisov, Margarita Knyazeva, Veronika Novak, Lidia Zabegina, Tatyana Prisyazhnaya, Aleksey Karizkiy, Igor Berlev and Anastasia Malek

Diagnostics 2020, 10(10), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100782 - 3 Oct 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2756

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age and has great social impact. The diagnostics of endometriosis are based on clinical appearance, ultrasound, and [...] Read more.

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age and has great social impact. The diagnostics of endometriosis are based on clinical appearance, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, a diagnosis is frequently hampered by the absence of objective criteria. Adenomyosis (AM) is a particular type of endometriosis wherein the spread of the ectopic endometrial gland is limited by the uterine myometrium. Alteration of the microRNA expression profile in the eutopic endometrium can be associated with AM, and may be assayed for diagnostic purposes. In the presented study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic potency of this approach. Eutopic endometrium specimens were collected from patients (n = 33) and healthy women (n = 30). The microRNA expression was profiled to select individual microRNAs with AM-associated expression alterations. A new method of two-tailed RT-qPCR microRNA analysis was applied to assay potential markers. The expression ratios of reciprocally dysregulated microRNAs were calculated, and the diagnostic potency of these parameters was evaluated by receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis. Mir-10b, miR-200c and miR-191 were significantly dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of AM patients. The expression ratio of reciprocally dysregulated microRNAs allowed us to diagnose AM with a range of sensitivity from 65% to 74%, and of specificity from 72% to 86%. The analysis of microRNAs from the eutopic endometrium might present a promising low-invasive method of AM diagnostics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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9 pages, 625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Developing a Preoperative Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

by Hannah Lawlor, Alexandra Ward, Alison Maclean, Steven Lane, Meera Adishesh, Sian Taylor, Shandya Bridget DeCruze and Dharani Kosala Hapangama

Diagnostics 2020, 10(10), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100735 - 23 Sep 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3002

Abstract

Early diagnosis of the rare and life-threatening uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is essential for prompt treatment, to improve survival. Preoperative distinction of LMS from benign leiomyoma remains a challenge, and thus LMS is often diagnosed post-operatively. This retrospective observational study evaluated the predictive diagnostic [...] Read more.

Early diagnosis of the rare and life-threatening uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is essential for prompt treatment, to improve survival. Preoperative distinction of LMS from benign leiomyoma remains a challenge, and thus LMS is often diagnosed post-operatively. This retrospective observational study evaluated the predictive diagnostic utility of 32 preoperative variables in 190 women who underwent a hysterectomy, with a postoperative diagnosis of leiomyoma (n = 159) or LMS (n = 31), at the Liverpool Women’s National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, between 2010 and 2019. A total of 7 preoperative variables were associated with increased odds of LMS, including postmenopausal status (p < 0.001, OR 3.08), symptoms of pressure (p = 0.002, OR 2.7), postmenopausal bleeding (p = 0.001, OR 5.01), neutrophil count ≥7.5 × 10⁹/L (p < 0.001, OR 5.72), haemoglobin level <118 g/L (p = 0.037, OR 2.22), endometrial biopsy results of cellular atypia or neoplasia (p = 0.001, OR 9.6), and a mass size of ≥10 cm on radiological imaging (p < 0.0001, OR 8.52). This study has identified readily available and easily identifiable preoperative clinical variables that can be implemented into clinical practice to discern those with high risk of LMS, for further specialist investigations in women presenting with symptoms of leiomyoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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14 pages, 20006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management of Non-Tubal Ectopic Pregnancies: A Single Center Experience

by Guglielmo Stabile, Giulia Zinicola, Federico Romano, Francesca Buonomo, Francesco Paolo Mangino and Giuseppe Ricci

Diagnostics 2020, 10(9), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090652 - 31 Aug 2020

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8405

Abstract

Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies (NT-EPs) are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions. The incidence ranges are between 5–8.3% of all ectopic pregnancies. For this retrospective observational study, 16 patients with NT-EP and treated from January 2014 to May 2020 were recruited. Demographic details, symptoms, Beta [...] Read more.

Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies (NT-EPs) are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions. The incidence ranges are between 5–8.3% of all ectopic pregnancies. For this retrospective observational study, 16 patients with NT-EP and treated from January 2014 to May 2020 were recruited. Demographic details, symptoms, Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) levels, ultrasound findings, management and treatment outcomes were presented. In hemodynamically stable patients, diagnosis was made using ultrasounds and β-hCG levels. Laparoscopy was essential to identify and remove the ectopic pregnancy in clinical unstable patients. A radical laparoscopic approach was chosen in one case of cervical pregnancy diagnosed late in the first trimester. Medical treatment and minimally invasive procedure, alone or combined, resulted in effective strategies in asymptomatic women with an early diagnosis of NT-EP. We report cases of cervical pregnancies successfully treated by hysteroscopy alone or combined with medical treatment, the first case of scar pregnancy treated by mini-reseptoscope and curettage and the fifth case of interstitial pregnancy treated with Methotrexate and Mifepristone. In this manuscript we report a single center experience in the management of NT-EPs with the aim of outlining the importance of the early diagnosis for a minimally invasive treatment in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and preserve future fertility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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11 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Breakfast Skipping in Female College Students Is a Potential and Preventable Predictor of Gynecologic Disorders at Health Service Centers

by Tomoko Fujiwara, Masanori Ono, Takashi Iizuka, Naomi Sekizuka-Kagami, Yoshiko Maida, Yumi Adachi, Hiroshi Fujiwara and Hiroaki Yoshikawa

Diagnostics 2020, 10(7), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070476 - 13 Jul 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7162

Abstract

Inadequate dietary habits in youth are known to increase the risk of onset of various diseases in adulthood. Previously, we found that female college students who skipped breakfast had higher incidences of dysmenorrhea, suggesting that breakfast skipping interferes with ovarian and uterine functions. [...] Read more.

Inadequate dietary habits in youth are known to increase the risk of onset of various diseases in adulthood. Previously, we found that female college students who skipped breakfast had higher incidences of dysmenorrhea, suggesting that breakfast skipping interferes with ovarian and uterine functions. Since dietary habits can be managed by education, it is preferable to establish a convenient screening system for meal skipping that is associated with dysmenorrhea as part of routine services of health service centers. In this study, we recruited 3172 female students aged from 18 to 25 at Kanazawa University and carried out an annual survey of the status of students’ health and lifestyle in 2019, by a questionnaire. We obtained complete responses from 3110 students and analyzed the relationship between dietary habits, such as meal skipping and history of dieting, and menstrual disorders, such as troubles or worries with menstruation, menstrual irregularity, menstrual pain, and use of oral contraceptives. The incidence of troubles or worries with menstruation was significantly higher in those with breakfast skipping (p < 0.05) and a history of dieting (p < 0.001). This survey successfully confirmed the positive relationship between breakfast skipping and menstrual pain (p < 0.001), indicating that this simple screening test is suitable for picking up breakfast skippers who are more prone to gynecologic disorders. In conclusions, since dysmenorrhea is one of the important clinical signs, breakfast skipping may become an effective marker to predict the subsequent onset of gynecological diseases at health service centers. Considering educational correction of meal skipping, breakfast skipping is a potential and preventable predictor that will contribute to managing menstrual disorders from a preventive standpoint in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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Review

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22 pages, 387 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Conundrum of Poor Ovarian Response: From Diagnosis to Treatment

by Polina Giannelou, Mara Simopoulou, Sokratis Grigoriadis, Evangelos Makrakis, Adamantia Kontogeorgi, Agni Pantou, Dionysios Galatis, Theodoros Kalampokas, Panagiotis Bakas, Stamatis Bolaris, Konstantinos Pantos and Konstantinos Sfakianoudis

Diagnostics 2020, 10(9), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090687 - 11 Sep 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7222

Abstract

Despite recent striking advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART), poor ovarian response (POR) diagnosis and treatment is still considered challenging. Poor responders constitute a heterogeneous cohort with the common denominator of under-responding to controlled ovarian stimulation. Inevitably, respective success rates are significantly compromised. [...] Read more.

Despite recent striking advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART), poor ovarian response (POR) diagnosis and treatment is still considered challenging. Poor responders constitute a heterogeneous cohort with the common denominator of under-responding to controlled ovarian stimulation. Inevitably, respective success rates are significantly compromised. As POR pathophysiology entails the elusive factor of compromised ovarian function, both diagnosis and management fuel an ongoing heated debate depicted in the literature. From the criteria employed for diagnosis to the plethora of strategies and adjuvant therapies proposed, the conundrum of POR still puzzles the practitioner. What is more, novel treatment approaches from stem cell therapy and platelet-rich plasma intra-ovarian infusion to mitochondrial replacement therapy have emerged, albeit not claiming clinical routine status yet. The complex and time sensitive nature of this subgroup of infertile patients indicates the demand for a consensus on a horizontally accepted definition, diagnosis and subsequent effective treating strategy. This critical review analyzes the standing criteria employed in order to diagnose and aptly categorize POR patients, while it proceeds to critically evaluate current and novel strategies regarding their management. Discrepancies in diagnosis and respective implications are discussed, while the existing diversity in management options highlights the need for individualized management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases)

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