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Wine and Vine Components and Health
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Wine and Vine Components and Health

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2018) | Viewed by 70359

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Norbert Latruffe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Team BioPeroxIL, INSERM, Biochem Peroxisome Inflammat&Lipid Metab EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche Comte, F-21000 Dijon, France
Interests: bio-active polyphenols; resveratrol; inflammation; bio-availability; cancer; pathologies prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jean-Pierre Rifler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Haute Côte d’Or hospital center, F-21350, France
Interests: wine and health; cardiovascular protection; wine polyphenols; Mediterranean nutrition and health
Jean-Pierre Rifler is emergency physician at the Haute Côte d’Or hospital center, F-21350, France. He become passioned of wine. After his obtained a diploma of Oenolog technician in 1988, he prepared his medical doctor thesis in 1994 on wine and health, especially on the cardiovascular protection by the red wine polyphenols. Since this date, in parallel to his professional activities, he collaborates with scientists in Burgundy in the aim to promote the beneficial effects of a regular and moderated consumption of wine. He managed thesis of medical doctors and set-up clinical protocols to validate the secondary prevention for post-infarcted patients by wine in 2012. This important work has been published in collaboration with Pr Norbert Latruffe, co-guest editor of this present issue, as follow «A moderate red wine intake improves blood lipid parameters and erythrocytes membrane fluidity in post myocardial infarct patients’’ by Rifler JP., et al., Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 2011. vol. 55 pp1-7». Dr Jean-Pierre Rifler also published numerous specialized papers and his periodically invited in congresses and organizations such as in WAC (Wine Active Compounds), Beaune 2011; or at 5è ICPH (International conference on polyphenols on health), Sitges (Barcelona), 2011. He is co-funder of the Mediterranean Nutrition and Health association which organized a colloquium in Hyères (Provence) in 2016 on Wine, Mediterranean Nutrition and Health. By the way Dr Jean-Pierre Rifler is well known for having initiated the french programme on heart defribrillators in public space to save lifes.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While there is a tremendous literature on the topic of wine and health ranging back to the days of Hippocrates, it is considered that there is an unlimited variety of wine, allowing the association of senses, nutrition, and hedonism. The history of vine and wine has lasted for at least 7000 years. Vitis, an adaptable plant, thanks to a large variety of strains; wine is an alchemie with unique properties; a rich and original composition in terms of polyphenols, and well known anti-oxidants. This explains why wine and health are closely linked to nutrition.

In terms of biochemical mechanisms, vine like other plants produce numerous non-energy compounds, called secondary metabolites (e.g., flavonoids, polyphenols), in order to adapt their defenses against often unfavorable environment (biotic and non-biotic stresses), Interestingly, in humans and in the animals kingdom these microconstituents provide similar valuable bioactive properties for essential cell and physiological function (signaling, gene regulation, prevention of acquired or infectious disease, etc). These compounds have been selected through evolution and are generally preserved in all living beings. For instance, resveratrol that plays an essential role in vine plants as elicitor of the natural defenses has been shown to be a protector of health in humans. It could delay, or even block, the appearance of predominant diseases such as atherosclerosis by protecting low-density lipoproteins from the oxidation, but also diabetes and cancer.

Grape, fresh or dried, is a widely consumed fruit by large human populations, as also its by-products, like grape juice and wine, even extracts of vine leaves and shoot use. They contain vast and highly varied quantities of polyphenols as protective micronutrient. Wine, provide unique polyphenols: for instance, resveratrol, procyanidines and monophenols such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. The research supports the idea that wine, a natural biological product, if consumed regularly, but without excess, possesses preventive properties, not only its well-known properties against vascular diseases (illustrated by the so-called French paradox) but also may prevent infections, decrease inflammation, delay neurodegenerative diseases. The question about cancer is still open.

Despite the huge amount of data on this topic, there is still gray areas and uncomplete knowledge. This is why the objective of this issue is to bring wine to a better view especially through the policy makers, the medical world and the vectors of image in order to explain the rational and the philosophy with respect to ethics and the public health.

The focus of this special issue on wine and vine components and health of the journal “Diseases” will includes the effects of wine on human physiology (cardiovascular, aged-linked disorders and s.o.); the effects of polyphenols as wine anti-oxidants and as signaling molecules; and from a humanity point of view, the tasting properties of wine.

Manuscripts (primary articles or review) providing new data and new concepts related to the following keys words are welcome: i.e. wine, vine and grape components including vitamins, minerals, ethanol and polyphenols such as resveratrol, and flavonoids; their bio-availability and metabolism; their effect on pathologies such as aging, longevity, cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, obesity, inflammation, neurodegenerescence, cognition loss, pain, infection, skin problems, altered physical activity and s.o.

Prof. Dr. Norbert Latruffe
Dr. Jean-Pierre Rifler
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • wine
  • vine and grape components
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • ethanol
  • polyphenols
  • resveratrol
  • flavonoids
  • bio-availability
  • metabolism
  • hathologies
  • aging
  • longevity
  • cardiovascular
  • diatetes
  • cancer
  • obesity
  • inflammation
  • neurodegenerescence
  • cognition loss
  • pain
  • infection
  • skin problems
  • altered physical activity

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 522 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Wine and Vine Components and Health
by Norbert Latruffe and Jean-Pierre Rifler
Diseases 2019, 7(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases7010030 - 19 Mar 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3309
Abstract
There is much literature on the topic of wine and health dating back to the days of Hippocrates, and it is believed that there are unlimited varieties of wine, allowing the association of senses, nutrition, and hedonism [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

10 pages, 1630 KiB  
Article
PAOT-Liquid® Technology: An Easy Electrochemical Method for Evaluating Antioxidant Capacity of Wines
by Pincemail Joël, Kaci Mouna-Messaouda, Kevers Claire, Tabart Jessica, Ebabe Elle Raymond and Meziane Smail
Diseases 2019, 7(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases7010010 - 21 Jan 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4101
Abstract
Polyphenol compounds present in high quantity in wines are well-known to have potent cardio-protective properties through several biological mechanisms including antioxidant activity. A large number of methods have been developed for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of food matrices. Most of them have, however, [...] Read more.
Polyphenol compounds present in high quantity in wines are well-known to have potent cardio-protective properties through several biological mechanisms including antioxidant activity. A large number of methods have been developed for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of food matrices. Most of them have, however, the disadvantage of being time consuming and require specific analytical protocols and devices. In the present study, we present the electrochemical PAOT (Pouvoir Antioxydant Total)-Liquid® Technology which can be easily used by winemakers for evaluating antioxidant activity of wine during all steps of making process. The methodology is based on the measurement of electric potential variation resulting from chemical reactions between wine polyphenols and a free radical mediator M• as source of oxidants. Total antioxidant activity as estimated by the PAOT-Liquid® activity was 6.8 fold higher in red wines (n = 14) when compared to rosé (n = 3) and white (n = 3) wines bought in a commercial market. Moreover, PAOT-Liquid® activity was highly correlated with total polyphenols content (TPC) of all wines (r = 0.9540, p < 0.0001) and the classical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) assay which is often used for evaluating antioxidant capacity of food matrices (r = 0.9102, p < 0.0001). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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13 pages, 1603 KiB  
Article
Wine and Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Interaction in Humans
by Anna Boronat, Miriam Martínez-Huélamo, Ariadna Cobos and Rafael De la Torre
Diseases 2018, 6(3), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6030076 - 1 Sep 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5010
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and red wine (RW) are two basic elements that form part of the so-called Mediterranean diet. Both stand out because of their high phenolic compound content and their potential related health benefits. The present study is focused on [...] Read more.
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and red wine (RW) are two basic elements that form part of the so-called Mediterranean diet. Both stand out because of their high phenolic compound content and their potential related health benefits. The present study is focused on the metabolic disposition of resveratrol (RESV), tyrosol (TYR), and hydroxytyrosol (HT) following the consumption of EVOO, RW, and a combination of both. In this study, 12 healthy volunteers consumed a single dose of 25 mL of EVOO, 150 mL of RW, and a combination of both in a crossover randomized clinical trial. Urinary recovery of RESV, TYR, and HT was analysed in urine samples collected over a 6-h period following the intake of each treatment. Higher HT levels were observed following EVOO compared to RW (3788 ± 1751 nmols and 2308 ± 847 nmols respectively). After the combination of EVOO and RW, the recovery of TYR and HT metabolites increased statistically compared to their separate consumption (4925 ± 1751 nmols of TYR and 6286 ± 3198 nmols of HT). EVOO triggered an increase in glucuronide conjugates, while RW intake raised sulfate metabolites. Marginal effects were observed in RESV increased bioavailability after the combination of RW with the fat matrix provided by EVOO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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20 pages, 2885 KiB  
Article
Induction of Neuronal Differentiation of Murine N2a Cells by Two Polyphenols Present in the Mediterranean Diet Mimicking Neurotrophins Activities: Resveratrol and Apigenin
by Amira Namsi, Thomas Nury, Haithem Hamdouni, Aline Yammine, Anne Vejux, Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur, Norbert Latruffe, Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki and Gérard Lizard
Diseases 2018, 6(3), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6030067 - 22 Jul 2018
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 10761
Abstract
In the prevention of neurodegeneration associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), neuronal differentiation is of interest. In this context, neurotrophic factors are a family of peptides capable of promoting the growth, survival, and/or differentiation of both developing and immature [...] Read more.
In the prevention of neurodegeneration associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), neuronal differentiation is of interest. In this context, neurotrophic factors are a family of peptides capable of promoting the growth, survival, and/or differentiation of both developing and immature neurons. In contrast to these peptidyl compounds, polyphenols are not degraded in the intestinal tract and are able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Consequently, they could potentially be used as therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative pathologies associated with neuronal loss, thus requiring the stimulation of neurogenesis. We therefore studied the ability to induce neuronal differentiation of two major polyphenols present in the Mediterranean diet: resveratrol (RSV), a major compound found in grapes and red wine, and apigenin (API), present in parsley, rosemary, olive oil, and honey. The effects of these compounds (RSV and API: 6.25–50 µM) were studied on murine neuro-2a (N2a) cells after 48 h of treatment without or with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Retinoic acid (RA: 6.25–50 µM) was used as positive control. Neuronal differentiation was morphologically evaluated through the presence of dendrites and axons. Cell growth was determined by cell counting and cell viability by staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Neuronal differentiation was more efficient in the absence of serum than with 10% FBS or 10% delipidized FBS. At concentrations inducing neuronal differentiation, no or slight cytotoxicity was observed with RSV and API, whereas RA was cytotoxic. Without FBS, RSV and API, as well as RA, trigger the neuronal differentiation of N2a cells via signaling pathways simultaneously involving protein kinase A (PKA)/phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) and MEK/ERK. With 10% FBS, RSV and RA induce neuronal differentiation via PLC/PKC and PKA/PLC/PKC, respectively. With 10% FBS, PKA and PLC/PKC as well as MEK/ERK signaling pathways were not activated in API-induced neuronal differentiation. In addition, the differentiating effects of RSV and API were not inhibited by cyclo[DLeu5] OP, an antagonist of octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) which is a neurotrophic factor. Moreover, RSV and API do not stimulate the expression of the diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), the precursor of ODN. Thus, RSV and API are able to induce neuronal differentiation, ODN and its receptor are not involved in this process, and the activation of the (PLC/PKC) signaling pathway is required, except with apigenin in the presence of 10% FBS. These data show that RSV and API are able to induce neuronal differentiation and therefore mimic neurotrophin activity. Thus, RSV and API could be of interest in regenerative medicine to favor neurogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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15 pages, 1520 KiB  
Article
Grape Pomace: Antioxidant Activity, Potential Effect Against Hypertension and Metabolites Characterization after Intake
by Zuriñe Rasines-Perea, Isabelle Ky, Gérard Cros, Alan Crozier and Pierre-Louis Teissedre
Diseases 2018, 6(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6030060 - 6 Jul 2018
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5005
Abstract
Observational studies indicate that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods improves vascular health, thereby significantly reducing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the remained potential of grape by-products from important Rhône Valley red [...] Read more.
Observational studies indicate that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods improves vascular health, thereby significantly reducing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the remained potential of grape by-products from important Rhône Valley red wine cultivars: Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvèdre and Alicante. For that, six different extracts from grape pomaces, selected by their antioxidant activity, were studied in vivo during six weeks with spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Extracts used in SHR1, SHR2 and SHR6 groups presented a « rebound effect » on systolic blood pressure, whereas the other extracts do not change it significantly. The bioavailability of Grenache (GRE1) (EA70) seed pomace extract (SHR1 group), Mouvendre (MOU) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR5 group) and Alicante (ALI) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR6 group) was studied by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn) in urine, plasma and tissues to search differences on the metabolism of the different extracts intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

11 pages, 403 KiB  
Review
Potential Beneficial Effects of Wine Flavonoids on Allergic Diseases
by Toshio Tanaka, Atsuhiko Iuchi, Hiroshi Harada and Shoji Hashimoto
Diseases 2019, 7(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases7010008 - 15 Jan 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7492
Abstract
Wine, a widely consumed beverage, comprises several biophenols that promote health. Flavonoids, majorly present in red wine, have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Regular consumption of red wine (100 mL/day) is estimated to provide an average of 88 [...] Read more.
Wine, a widely consumed beverage, comprises several biophenols that promote health. Flavonoids, majorly present in red wine, have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Regular consumption of red wine (100 mL/day) is estimated to provide an average of 88 mg of flavonoids, whereas recent epidemiological studies indicate that wine is one of the major sources of flavonoid intake amongst wine lovers in European countries (providing an average intake of 291–374 mg/day of flavonoids). In addition to being antioxidants, in vitro studies suggest that flavonoids also have anti-allergic activities that inhibit IgE synthesis, activation of mast cells and basophils or other inflammatory cells, and production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines. Furthermore, they affect the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into effector T cell subsets. Moreover, several studies have reported the benefits of flavonoids in allergic models such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, anaphylaxis, and food allergy; however, evidence in humans is limited to allergic rhinitis and respiratory allergy. Although further evaluation is required, it is expected that an appropriate intake of flavonoids may be beneficial in preventing, and eventually managing, allergic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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15 pages, 2787 KiB  
Review
Strategic Syntheses of Vine and Wine Resveratrol Derivatives to Explore Their Effects on Cell Functions and Dysfunctions
by Norbert Latruffe and Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
Diseases 2018, 6(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6040110 - 11 Dec 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4616
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol, the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid, is found in grapes and accordingly in wine and it is considered to be beneficial for human health, especially towards the aging-linked cell alterations by providing numerous biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antitumoral, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, [...] Read more.
Trans-resveratrol, the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid, is found in grapes and accordingly in wine and it is considered to be beneficial for human health, especially towards the aging-linked cell alterations by providing numerous biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antitumoral, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and platelet anti-aggregation properties. Although trans-resveratrol is a promising molecule, it cannot be considered as a drug, due to its weak bio-availability and fast metabolism. To overcome these weaknesses, several research teams have undertaken the synthesis of innovative trans-resveratrol derivatives, with the aim to increase its solubility in water and pharmacological activities towards cell targets. The aim of this review is to show the chronological evolution over the last 25 years of different strategies to develop more efficient trans-resveratrol derivatives towards organism physiology and, therefore, to enhance various pharmacological activities. While the literature on the development of new synthetic derivatives is impressive, this review will focus on selected strategies regarding the substitution of trans-resveratrol phenyl rings, first with hydroxy, methoxy, and halogen groups, and next with functionalized substituents. The effects on cell functions and dysfunctions of interesting resveratrol analogs will be addressed in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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12 pages, 4521 KiB  
Review
Polyphenol Extracts from Red Wine and Grapevine: Potential Effects on Cancers
by Souheila Amor, Pauline Châlons, Virginie Aires and Dominique Delmas
Diseases 2018, 6(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6040106 - 18 Nov 2018
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 9425
Abstract
Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the “French Paradox” concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, [...] Read more.
Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the “French Paradox” concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, and low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since then, the positive effects on health, health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis of moderate wine consumption, in particular red wine, have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoids acting as antioxidants. Several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro, studies have reported that moderate red wine or red wine polyphenolic extract consumption may be active in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, degenerative pathologies, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings about the effects of red wine polyphenols on cancer and to discuss how the polyphenolic composition of red wine may influence its chemopreventive properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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21 pages, 2207 KiB  
Review
Is a Meal without Wine Good for Health?
by Jean-Pierre Rifler
Diseases 2018, 6(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6040105 - 16 Nov 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6282
Abstract
Hippocrates, the father of medicine, had said: “Wine is a thing wonderfully appropriate to man if, in health as in disease, it is administered with appropriate and just measure according to the individual constitution.” Wine has always accompanied humanity, for religion or for [...] Read more.
Hippocrates, the father of medicine, had said: “Wine is a thing wonderfully appropriate to man if, in health as in disease, it is administered with appropriate and just measure according to the individual constitution.” Wine has always accompanied humanity, for religion or for health. Christians and Jews need wine for the liturgy. For Plato, wine was an indispensable element in society and the most important in the symposium. In this second part of the banquet, mixed with water, the wine gave the word. If the French paradox made a lot of ink flow; it was the wine that was originally responsible for it. Many researchers have tried to study alcohol and polyphenols in wine, in order to solve the mystery. Beyond its cardiovascular effects, there are also effects on longevity, metabolism, cancer prevention, and neuroprotection, and the list goes on. The purpose of this work is to make an analysis of the current knowledge on the subject. Indeed, if the paradigm of antioxidants is seductive, it is perhaps by their prooxidant effect that the polyphenols act, by an epigenetic process mediated by nrf2. Wine is a preserve of antioxidants for the winter and it is by this property that the wine acts, in an alcoholic solution. A wine without alcohol is pure heresy. Wine is the elixir that by design, over millennials, has acted as a pharmacopeia that enabled man to heal and prosper on the planet. From Alvise Cornaro to Serge Renaud, nutrition was the key to health and longevity, whether the Cretan or Okinawa diet, it is the small dose of alcohol (wine or sake) that allows the bioavailability of polyphenols. Moderate drinking gives a protection for diseases and a longevity potential. In conclusion, let us drink fewer, but drink better, to live older. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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22 pages, 299 KiB  
Review
Wine: An Aspiring Agent in Promoting Longevity and Preventing Chronic Diseases
by Eleni Pavlidou, Maria Mantzorou, Aristeidis Fasoulas, Christina Tryfonos, Dimitris Petridis and Constantinos Giaginis
Diseases 2018, 6(3), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6030073 - 8 Aug 2018
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 13169
Abstract
Introduction: Moderate wine consumption is a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. Studies around the world have shown a beneficial effect of moderate alcohol intake, especially wine, on health. This review aims to critically summarise the most recent studies that investigate the beneficial effects [...] Read more.
Introduction: Moderate wine consumption is a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. Studies around the world have shown a beneficial effect of moderate alcohol intake, especially wine, on health. This review aims to critically summarise the most recent studies that investigate the beneficial effects of moderate wine intake on human health. Methods: The PubMed database was comprehensively searched to identify trials published from 2013 to 2018 that investigated the association between moderate wine consumption and health. Results: The most recent studies confirm the valuable role of moderate wine consumption, especially red wine, in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cognitive decline, depression, and cancer. In the meantime, recent studies also highlight the beneficial role of red wine against oxidative stress and in favour of desirable gut bacteria. The beneficial role of red wine has been attributed to its phytochemical compounds, as highlighted by clinical trials, where the effect of red wine has been compared to white wine, non-alcoholic wine, other alcoholic drinks, and water. Conclusions: Moderate wine intake, at 1–2 glasses per day as part of the Mediterranean diet, has been positively associated with human health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine and Vine Components and Health)
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