Diversity, Ecology and Genetics of Ciliates

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3624

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
Interests: ciliates; Parameciu; protists; symbiosis; bacterial symbionts; microbiomes; mating types; speciation mechanisms; the species concept
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Guest Editor
Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
Interests: ciliates; taxonomy; ecology; aquatic food webs; diversity; symbiosis; microbial communities; protists

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ciliates (Ciliophora) are one of the most diverse groups of protists. Different ciliates occur in various ecological niches, and they are widespread and abundant in many environments, from deserts to the polar oceans, and from bromeliad tank water to the rumen of cattle. They are an indispensable link in aquatic food webs. Short generation times make ciliates ideal bioindicators. Some ciliates live as symbionts in animals, or they can host pro- and eukaryotic symbionts themselves. Although ciliates can be morphologically identified because of their characteristic and robust shape due to the cell cortex structure and other features, the existence of cryptic or genetically isolated sibling species is quite common. Thus, Ciliophora is a group of choice when studying speciation processes and their underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the unique separation of two coexisting nuclei into germline and soma made ciliates an evolutionarily successful group. This nuclear dualism makes the genetics of ciliates unusual, but, at the same time, ciliates serve as fascinating model organisms, continuously providing genetic and epigenetic insights. A number of ciliate genomes have already been sequenced, and the data is continuously accumulating.

It is our pleasure to invite all interested colleagues to contribute to the Special Issue, “Diversity, Ecology and Genetics of Ciliates”. We aim to provide a platform highlighting new research and significant advances in the diversity, taxonomy, and genetics of ciliates. We invite submissions of research articles, reviews, or short communications on ciliate diversity, genomics, speciation, and evolution. Furthermore, reports on ciliate communities from various biotopes and habitats, and interactions among ciliates and other microorganisms will be gladly considered.

Dr. Alexey Potekhin
Dr. Bettina Sonntag
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Ciliophora
  • diversity
  • protistology
  • biogeography
  • microbial communities
  • symbiosis
  • speciation
  • macronucleus
  • epigenetics
  • genomics
  • adaptation and evolution
  • bioindicators
  • ecology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 10388 KiB  
Article
Two-Decade Changes in the Ciliate Assemblage Feeding Pattern Reflect the Reservoir Nutrient Load
by Miroslav Macek, Jaroslav Vrba, Josef Hejzlar, Klára Řeháková, Jiří Jarošík, Michal Šorf and Karel Šimek
Diversity 2024, 16(9), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16090534 - 1 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1530
Abstract
The perception of the importance of ciliate in freshwater has changed dramatically since the “microbial loop” conceptualisation, reflecting methodological attempts. The data from two decades (1994–2018) on the surface (0–3 m) ciliate assemblage in the Slapy reservoir (Vltava River, Czech Republic) during two [...] Read more.
The perception of the importance of ciliate in freshwater has changed dramatically since the “microbial loop” conceptualisation, reflecting methodological attempts. The data from two decades (1994–2018) on the surface (0–3 m) ciliate assemblage in the Slapy reservoir (Vltava River, Czech Republic) during two different nutrient-load defined periods were analysed. We grouped the identified, quantified, and biomass-evaluated ciliates in the quantitative protargol-impregnated preparations according to their feeding behaviour. The sampling median and interquartile range data of the ciliates were plotted; the modelled water age, nutrients, bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and Rhodomonas spp. were applied as the main explanatory background variables. We validated the differences between the periods, engaging multivariate analyses. The picoplankton-filtering species dominated the assemblages in an annual mean (halteriids and minute strobilidiids followed by peritrichs). Algae hunting urotrichs, Balanion planctonicum, and nanoplankton filtering tintinnids were significant before the spring phytoplankton peak when a maximum of ciliate biomass reflected mixotrophic nanoplankton filtering pelagostrombidiids. Only there did ciliate biomass tightly follow their quantified prey. Heterotrophic and mixotrophic Askenasia and Lagynophrya were typical raptorial/flagellate-hunting cilates; only Mesodinium spp. reached the maximum during autumn. The observed oligotrophication of the reservoir increased the ciliate assemblage biomass in the surface layer during stratification in concordance with the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Ecology and Genetics of Ciliates)
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17 pages, 19754 KiB  
Article
Diversity of Pleurostomatid Ciliates: Morphology, Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Freshwater Isolates Found in a Northern China Wetland, with a Description of Two New Species
by Gongaote Zhang, Yongqiang Liu, Hongbo Pan, Yujie Liu, Honggang Ma, Zhe Wang, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Weibo Song and Hunter N. Hines
Diversity 2024, 16(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16050294 - 11 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1241
Abstract
Ciliates of the order Pleurostomatida play essential functions in microbial food webs from a variety of habitats and have been thought to possess a high level of diversity. Due to undersampling and often absent molecular data, the actual diversity and phylogenetic relationships within [...] Read more.
Ciliates of the order Pleurostomatida play essential functions in microbial food webs from a variety of habitats and have been thought to possess a high level of diversity. Due to undersampling and often absent molecular data, the actual diversity and phylogenetic relationships within this group remain unclarified. To help address this deficiency, a survey of freshwater pleurostomatid ciliates was undertaken in Lake Weishan Wetland, northern China. Here, two new Amphileptus species, Amphileptus sinicus sp. nov. and Amphileptus piscinarius sp. nov., were investigated using modern morphological and molecular techniques. Amphileptus sinicus sp. nov. is characterized by possessing a comparatively large cell size of 330–490 μm, contractile vacuoles on both ventral and dorsal margins, and 8–10 left and 42–61 right kineties. Amphileptus piscinarius sp. nov. is characterized by possessing a cell size of 140–210 μm, a large distinctly developed apical extrusome group, 3–4 contractile vacuoles on the ventral margin, and 6–8 left and 24–28 right kineties. Phylogenetic results based on the 18S rRNA gene data of these two species group them with other congeners, with these data suggesting the genus Amphileptus is paraphyletic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Ecology and Genetics of Ciliates)
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