Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 26556

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: analog and mixed signal circuits; ultra-low-power integrated circuits design; digital-to-analog converter
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging Internet of Things (IoT), smart grid, and transport electrification applications, along with the advances of semiconductor technology, which enables faster switching devices for highly efficient power conversion, are bringing about new EMC challenges that need to be addressed through the whole design flow of electric and electronic systems, starting from the highest levels of abstraction down to the physical level.

The coexistence of ultra-low voltage IoT nodes and safety-critical sensors close to power converters and drives in smart grids and electric vehicles, in particular, are raising new EMC concerns which demand novel concepts and methodologies in EMC modeling, design, simulation, optimization, and measurement, both at the system- and at the integrated circuit-level. Moreover, a strong multidisciplinary approach is currently needed to gain insight into increasingly complex phenomena and interference scenarios.

On the other hand, emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques provide new tools to EMC designers, whose potential is still to be explored.

In this Special Issue, contributions addressing electromagnetic compatibility and interference topics in the broadest sense, including but not limited to IC- and system-level immunity and susceptibility issues of either information and communication technology (ICT) and power electronic systems, either in emerging IoT, smart grid, electric vehicles applications or in more traditional systems, EMC-oriented simulation and measurement techniques, and EMC applications of ML and AI, are welcome and encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Paolo Stefano Crovetti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • EMC in IoT applications
  • Power electronics EMC
  • IC-level EMC
  • System level EMC
  • Electromagnetic interference
  • Electromagnetic compatibility
  • EMC simulations
  • EMC measurements
  • EMI mitigation techniques
  • EMC applications of Artificial Intelligence/machine learning

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3172 KiB  
Article
Shielding Effectiveness Measurements of Drywall Panel Coated with Biochar Layers
by Patrizia Savi, Giuseppe Ruscica, Davide di Summa and Isabella Natali Sora
Electronics 2022, 11(15), 2312; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152312 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
Shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a critical issue in civil applications generally solved with metal screens. In recent years, the properties of many composite materials filled with carbon nanotubes or graphene or materials with a carbon-based coating have been analysed with the [...] Read more.
Shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a critical issue in civil applications generally solved with metal screens. In recent years, the properties of many composite materials filled with carbon nanotubes or graphene or materials with a carbon-based coating have been analysed with the aim of using them for electromagnetic shielding applications. Among other carbon materials, biochar, derived from biomass and characterized by high carbon content, emerges as a sustainable, renewable, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive material. In this paper, commercial biochar thermally treated at 750 °C is used to coat with several layers common building components such as drywall panel. Shielding effectiveness is measured in the frequency band 1–18 GHz for normal incidence and skew angles 10, 20 and 30 deg in a full anechoic chamber with double ridged, vertically and horizontally polarized broadband horn antennas. The results show that the proposed biochar-coated drywall panels provide a good shielding effectiveness compared to similar solutions, with the advantage of a less expensive and easier to realize building material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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12 pages, 3321 KiB  
Article
Increasing EMI Immunity and Linearity of a CMOS 180 nm Voltage-to-Delay Converter
by Anna Richelli, Luigi Colalongo and Federico Angelo Bosio
Electronics 2022, 11(8), 1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081177 - 7 Apr 2022
Viewed by 2008
Abstract
This paper presents a voltage-controlled delay unit (VCDU) with a novel architecture allowing for a wide input range of linearity and an improved immunity to electromagnetic interferences. The circuit is based on a current-starved inverter with a biasing technique to extend the input [...] Read more.
This paper presents a voltage-controlled delay unit (VCDU) with a novel architecture allowing for a wide input range of linearity and an improved immunity to electromagnetic interferences. The circuit is based on a current-starved inverter with a biasing technique to extend the input voltage range of linearity near to the rail-to-rail linearity range. The proposed scheme was designed by UMC 180 nm standard CMOS process and works without power-hungry amplifiers or comparators. It has a voltage supply of 1.8 V and exhibits a rail-to-rail linearity range (0–1.8 V) with an average EMI-induced jitter of only 1% of the nominal delay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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24 pages, 4413 KiB  
Article
Space Imaging Sensor Power Supply Filtering: Improving EMC Margin Assessment with Clustering and Sensitivity Analyses
by Laurent Patier and Sébastien Lalléchère
Electronics 2021, 10(18), 2301; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182301 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2172
Abstract
This work is dedicated to the assessment of the filtering performances of an optoelectronic sensor for space applications. Particular care is taken concerning the power supply subsystem (here voltage shifter integrated circuit), which is part of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance of an [...] Read more.
This work is dedicated to the assessment of the filtering performances of an optoelectronic sensor for space applications. Particular care is taken concerning the power supply subsystem (here voltage shifter integrated circuit), which is part of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance of an imaging equipment embedded on spacecrafts. The proposed methodology aims at two major targets: First, evaluating the Filter Effectiveness (FE) subject concerning varying parameters (including filter topology, parasitic effects and source/load impedance variations); second, quantifying the relative importance of representative equivalent electrical components through sensitivity analyses (nominal and parasitic values). The latter point is of utmost importance considering the expected versatility of such systems, such as manufacturing tolerances, for instance. Nominal values and/or components are often badly defined for confidentiality reasons, lack of knowledge or pure ignorance of inputs. An analytical deterministic formulation (here through the transfer matrix approach) is proposed and completed with an original stochastic strategy (Reduced Order Clustering, ROC). This ensures the reliable assessment of both statistical filter performances and most influential parameters, jointly with computational resources saving relatively to brute force Monte Carlo simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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20 pages, 7681 KiB  
Article
Digital Suppression of EMI-Induced Errors in a Baseband Acquisition Front-End including Off-the-Shelf, EMI-Sensitive Operational Amplifiers
by Paolo Crovetti and Francesco Musolino
Electronics 2021, 10(17), 2096; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172096 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2856
Abstract
In this paper, the susceptibility to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of an analog signal acquisition front-end (AFE) due to EMI distortion in opamp-based pre-conditioning amplifiers is addressed. More specifically, the possibility to correct EMI-induced errors in the digital domain by post-processing the acquired digital [...] Read more.
In this paper, the susceptibility to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of an analog signal acquisition front-end (AFE) due to EMI distortion in opamp-based pre-conditioning amplifiers is addressed. More specifically, the possibility to correct EMI-induced errors in the digital domain by post-processing the acquired digital waveforms is discussed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time with reference to an AFE based on EMI-sensitive, off-the-shelf operational amplifiers mounted on a specific EMI test PCB. Extensive experimental characterization in the presence of continuous wave and amplitude modulated EMI reveals the superior immunity to EMI of the proposed AFE and the robustness of the approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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14 pages, 1174 KiB  
Article
Specifying Power Filter Insertion Loss Values in Terms of Electromagnetic Safety of IT Equipment
by Leszek Nowosielski, Bartosz Dudziński, Rafał Przesmycki and Marek Bugaj
Electronics 2021, 10(16), 2041; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10162041 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
At present, one of the main methods of minimizing risk resulting from electromagnetic information leakage is to attenuate the undesired levels of radiated and conducted disturbances generated by IT equipment, as these disturbances can carry information processed by said equipment. Attenuation of conducted [...] Read more.
At present, one of the main methods of minimizing risk resulting from electromagnetic information leakage is to attenuate the undesired levels of radiated and conducted disturbances generated by IT equipment, as these disturbances can carry information processed by said equipment. Attenuation of conducted compromising emissions is most commonly handled with filters with a sufficiently high insertion loss. This article defines an original analytical relation specifying insertion loss value requirements for mains filters and estimates values of parameters included in the defined relation. Furthermore, this defined relation was used to define requirements for insertion loss provided by the mains filters, above which the ratio value of potentially compromising conducted emission levels to the environmental noise level at the infiltrating system input S/N < 0 dB. As a consequence, electromagnetic infiltration is significantly impeded. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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13 pages, 15597 KiB  
Article
The Effect of EMI Generated from Spread-Spectrum-Modulated SiC-Based Buck Converter on the G3-PLC Channel
by Waseem El Sayed, Piotr Lezynski, Robert Smolenski, Niek Moonen, Paolo Crovetti and Dave W. P. Thomas
Electronics 2021, 10(12), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121416 - 12 Jun 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4670
Abstract
Power line communication (PLC) is increasingly emerging as an important communication technology for the smart-grid environment. As PLC systems use the existing infrastructure, they are always exposed to conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from switching mode power converters, which need to be tightly controlled [...] Read more.
Power line communication (PLC) is increasingly emerging as an important communication technology for the smart-grid environment. As PLC systems use the existing infrastructure, they are always exposed to conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from switching mode power converters, which need to be tightly controlled to meet EMC regulations and to ensure the proper operation of the PLC system. For this purpose, spread-spectrum modulation (SSM) techniques are widely adopted to decrease the amplitude of the generated EMI from the power converters so as to comply with EMC regulations. In this paper, the influence of a spread-spectrum-modulated SiC-based buck converter on the G3-PLC channel performance is described in terms of channel capacity reduction using the Shannon–Hartley equation. The experimental setup was implemented to emulate a specific coupling path between the power and communication circuits and the channel capacity reduction was evaluated by the Shannon–Hartley equation in several operating scenarios and compared with the measured frame error rate. Based on the obtained results, SSM provides the EMI spectral peak amplitude reduction required to pass the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests, but results in increased EMI-induced channel capacity degradation and increased transmission error rate in PLC systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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21 pages, 6509 KiB  
Article
A Study to Resist Conduced Interference from GIS Bus-Charging Currents Switching for Electronic Current Transformer
by Shijun Bai, Fanding Yue, Lincui Zeng, Yi Li, Chuanchuan Wang, Xiaohua Wang and Mingzhe Rong
Electronics 2021, 10(8), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080957 - 16 Apr 2021
Viewed by 2254
Abstract
In this paper, we study the conducted interference to an electronic current transformer introduced in the process of bus-charging currents which are caused by switching a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) disconnector. To cope with these issues, the EMTP-ATP and Matlab/Simulink software are used [...] Read more.
In this paper, we study the conducted interference to an electronic current transformer introduced in the process of bus-charging currents which are caused by switching a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) disconnector. To cope with these issues, the EMTP-ATP and Matlab/Simulink software are used to carry out equivalent modeling simulations and experimental research, respectively. More specifically, the very fast transient current generated by disconnector switching (DS) is used as the input source of the equivalent simulation model of the Rogowski coil, and the characteristics of conducted interference waveforms of the Rogowski coil, the active integrator and filter outputs under single and multiple breakdowns are analyzed step by step. Moreover, several anti-interference methods are proposed to improve the resistance to the high-voltage and high-frequency conducted interference for the Rogowski coil, such as reducing the Rogowski cut-off frequency, increasing the transient voltage suppressor (TVS), active filter, and Cy capacitor. Besides, the study also reveals that the residual charge of the integral capacitor will discharge with a time constant τ = 1 s after arc quenching with the first-order discharge circuit, which is composed of the feedback resistance and the integral capacitor C. Lastly, the experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the modeling method proposed in this paper and the effectiveness of anti-interference measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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18 pages, 5855 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the ESD Reconstruction Methodology Based on Current Probe Measurements and Frequency Response Compensation for Different ESD Generators and Severity Test Levels
by Panagiotis K. Papastamatis, Evangelos A. Paliatsos, Ioannis F. Gonos and Ioannis A. Stathopulos
Electronics 2021, 10(6), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060728 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3276
Abstract
System-level electrostatic discharge testing according to IEC 61000-4-2 has been the main standardized electrostatic discharge immunity testing procedure for the last few decades. The correlation between a failed test result and the injected electrostatic discharge current waveform characteristics, as well as the reduced [...] Read more.
System-level electrostatic discharge testing according to IEC 61000-4-2 has been the main standardized electrostatic discharge immunity testing procedure for the last few decades. The correlation between a failed test result and the injected electrostatic discharge current waveform characteristics, as well as the reduced reproducibility of the standard methodology, have always concerned product manufacturers and test engineers. In an effort to accurately reconstruct the electrostatic discharge current during immunity testing, researchers are focusing more and more on the usability of current probes in capturing the injected current in “real time”. In this article, the results of a proposed methodology, based on current probe measurements and a frequency response compensation method, published in recent bibliography, for different test levels and electrostatic discharge generators are presented, aiming to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the method, investigate its universal applicability, and introduce points of future work toward the current reconstruction during system-level electrostatic discharge testing effort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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Review

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12 pages, 3874 KiB  
Review
Assessment of Conducted Emission for Multiple Compact Fluorescent Lamps in Various Grid Topology
by Lok Choon Long, Waseem El Sayed, Venkatkumar Munesswaran, Niek Moonen, Robert Smolenski and Piotr Lezynski
Electronics 2021, 10(18), 2258; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182258 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2361
Abstract
This paper presents the measurement of aggregated conducted emission in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz produced by multiple compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and how it equates to a multiple power converter system. Discrepancies in peak emission measurement results related [...] Read more.
This paper presents the measurement of aggregated conducted emission in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz produced by multiple compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and how it equates to a multiple power converter system. Discrepancies in peak emission measurement results related to this application are illustrated to understand the underlying issue related to volatility of frequency components. Furthermore, this knowledge analyzes the relation of electromagnetic disturbances with respect to different topological network connections. The final presented results constitute theoretical description and statistical information about the characteristics of conducted emission measured in this multi-converter system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, Volume II)
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