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Electronics
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Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity
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Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 20601

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yawei Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: high field magnet; HTS machine; no-insulation coil; electrical aircraft; HTS cable
Prof. Dr. Philippe Vanderbemden

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
Interests: electrical, magnetic and thermal measurements; characterization of bulks and tapes; flux trapping; magnetic shielding; AC losses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Peifeng Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: epoxy modification; epoxy resin impregnated superconducting magnets; hts tape; high field magnet; mechanical analysis; multi-physics coupling simulation; multi-scale high-performance computing method
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Superconductivity has great advantages on high power density and energy-saving because of its unique zero-resistance behavior and large current capacity. The applied superconductivity is able to advance the power system with lower energy loss, higher efficiency, greater reliability, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, applied superconductivity technology in smart grid has been actively undertaken by scientists and companies around the world, particularly after the discovery of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) in 1986, which allows novel power network solutions to be applied in the grid which utilize superconductivity’s matchless advantages, such as superconducting generator and motor, power transmission, superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL), and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). The behavior of the abovementioned superconducting power system is very complicated, and its modeling, design, fabrication, and operation are challenging. There is a need for an in-depth understanding on the electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical behavior of superconductors in these applications. It is necessary to elucidate the performance and benefits of these superconducting devices and also to study their effects on the modern power grid. It is also important to consolidate the practical and conceptual knowledge of industry and economy order to support the emerging superconducting power technology.   

Thus, to address the needs in the efficient implementation of the novel superconducting technology for the latest power system, the research, development, and application of applied superconductivity in grid is emerging to be explored. The main aim of this Special Issue is to provide novel techniques, theories, and concepts for the modern power system with superconductivity. Topics can range from an individual device to integrated systems, from laboratory investigations to industrial and commercial development. Topics of interests include but are not limited to the following:

  • Smart grid with superconducting devices
  • Superconducting generator/motor
  • Superconducting cables and power transmission
  • HVDC systems with superconducting fault current limiter
  • Superconducting energy saving and smart grids
  • Applied superconductivity and DC microgrids
  • Superconducting transportation electrifications
  • Superconducting magnetic energy storage and smart grid
  • Superconducting fusion technology
  • Resistive and superconducting joints
  • Power system with superconducting devices
  • Practicability, stability, and reliability of superconducting power system.
  • Other energy-saving devices using superconductors
  • AC Losses of superconductors in electrical devices
  • Quench characterization, detection, and protection technique of superconducting devices

Dr. Yawei Wang
Prof. Dr. Philippe Vanderbemden
Dr. Peifeng Gao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced energy system
  • smart grid
  • superconducting generator
  • superconducting motor
  • transportation electrification
  • superconducting magnetic energy storage
  • superconducting fault current limiter
  • superconducting cable
  • fusion energy
  • high temperature superconductor
  • AC loss
  • quench
  • energy-saving
  • stability and reliability
  • energy efficiency

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4132 KiB  
Article
Progress on Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor Tape Targeting Resistive Fault Current Limiter Application
by Jiamin Zhu, Sikan Chen and Zhijian Jin
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030297 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3021
Abstract
The resistive superconducting fault current limiter is well known for its simple structure and outstanding current-limiting effect, and it is broadly applied in power grid systems. The second-generation high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape, of higher structural strength and greater room-temperature resistance, is well suited [...] Read more.
The resistive superconducting fault current limiter is well known for its simple structure and outstanding current-limiting effect, and it is broadly applied in power grid systems. The second-generation high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape, of higher structural strength and greater room-temperature resistance, is well suited for application in resistive superconducting fault current limiters. The quenching caused by overcurrent in the HTS tape is a complexed coupling effect of several physical factors. The tape structure and properties directly impact the ultimate HTS tape’s quench performance. In this study, various SS316-laminated HTS tapes, of different critical currents, room-temperature resistances, and masses, were prepared. The pulse impact parameters of the various tape samples were measured using the RLC high-current impact test platform. By analyzing the resultant data, a quantitative assessment methodology to measure a tape’s tolerance toward impact was developed. The dependence of the HTS tape’s tolerance toward impact on its critical current, room-temperature resistance, and mass was studied. This provides numerical guidance on HTS material selection for resistive superconducting fault current limiters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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14 pages, 5106 KiB  
Article
High-Temperature Superconducting Non-Insulation Closed-Loop Coils for Electro-Dynamic Suspension System
by Li Lu, Wei Wu, Xin Yu and Zhijian Jin
Electronics 2021, 10(16), 1980; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161980 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2639
Abstract
The null-flux electro-dynamic suspension (EDS) system is a feasible high-speed maglev system with speeds of above 600 km/h. Owing to their greater current-carrying capacity, superconducting magnets can provide a super-magnetomotive force that is required for the null-flux EDS system, which cannot be provided [...] Read more.
The null-flux electro-dynamic suspension (EDS) system is a feasible high-speed maglev system with speeds of above 600 km/h. Owing to their greater current-carrying capacity, superconducting magnets can provide a super-magnetomotive force that is required for the null-flux EDS system, which cannot be provided by electromagnets and permanent magnets. Relatively mature high-speed maglev technology currently exists using low-temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets as the core, which works in the liquid helium temperature region (T ⩽ 4.2 K). Second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets wound by REBa2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO, RE = rare earth) tapes work above the 20 K region and do not rely on liquid helium, which is rare on Earth. In this study, the HTS non-insulation closed-loop coils module was designed for an EDS system and excited with a persistent current switch (PCS). The HTS coils module can work in the persistent current mode and exhibit premier thermal quenching self-protection. In addition, a full-size double-pancake (DP) module was designed and manufactured in this study, and it was tested in a liquid nitrogen (LN2) environment. The critical current of the DP module was approximately 54 A, and it could work in the persistent current mode with an average decay rate measured over 12 h of 0.58%/day. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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18 pages, 4410 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Kiloampere Peltier Current Lead Using Orthogonal Experimental Design Method
by Linying Liu, Shengnan Zou, Shutong Deng, Lingfeng Lai and Chen Gu
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091054 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2126
Abstract
Reducing heat leakage is crucial for the development of practical superconducting devices. In this work, orthogonal experimental design method is first used to optimize the design of hundred-ampere and kiloampere Peltier current leads (PCLs). Geometry and arrangement of Peltier materials and conductive materials [...] Read more.
Reducing heat leakage is crucial for the development of practical superconducting devices. In this work, orthogonal experimental design method is first used to optimize the design of hundred-ampere and kiloampere Peltier current leads (PCLs). Geometry and arrangement of Peltier materials and conductive materials of the current lead are analyzed. Through our simulation, we find that the coupling effect between the radius of Bi2Te3 (r2) and the length of Bi2Te3 (L2) has the greatest effect on the heat leakage of PCLs at the cold end for both PCLs. Furthermore, numerical simulations suggest that the lowest heat leakage at the cold end (approximately 30.0 W/kA) is at the same level for both hundred-ampere and kiloampere PCLs. If taking the heat dissipation area at the hot end into account, multiterminal solutions are better solutions for kiloampere current leads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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15 pages, 1061 KiB  
Article
Investigations on Quench Recovery Characteristics of High-Temperature Superconducting Coated Conductors for Superconducting Fault Current Limiters
by Wei Chen, Peng Song, Hao Jiang, Jiahui Zhu, Shengnan Zou and Timing Qu
Electronics 2021, 10(3), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030259 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are attracting increasing attention due to their potential for use in modern smart grids or micro grids. Thanks to the unique non-linear properties of high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) tapes, an SFCL is invisible to the grid with faster response compared [...] Read more.
Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are attracting increasing attention due to their potential for use in modern smart grids or micro grids. Thanks to the unique non-linear properties of high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) tapes, an SFCL is invisible to the grid with faster response compared to traditional fault current limiters. The quench recovery characteristic of an HTS tape is fundamental for the design of an SFCL. In this work, the quench recovery time of an HTS tape was measured for fault currents of different magnitudes and durations. A global heat transfer model was developed to describe the quench recovery characteristic and compared with experiments to validate its effectiveness. Based on the model, the influence of tape properties on the quench recovery time was discussed, and a safe margin for the impact energy was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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12 pages, 1691 KiB  
Article
Fault Current Limiting Characteristics of a Small-Scale Bridge Type SFCL with Single HTSC Element Using Flux-Coupling
by Tae-Hee Han, Seok-Cheol Ko and Sung-Hun Lim
Electronics 2020, 9(4), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040569 - 28 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2312
Abstract
In this paper, a bridge type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with a single high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) element is proposed to allow fault current limiting operation in direct current (DC) conditions. First, the principle of operation of the bridge type SFCL with a [...] Read more.
In this paper, a bridge type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with a single high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) element is proposed to allow fault current limiting operation in direct current (DC) conditions. First, the principle of operation of the bridge type SFCL with a single HTSC element using flux-coupling was presented. After the fault occurrence, the fault current limiting operation and voltage characteristics, the power load characteristics of each device, and the energy consumption of the two coils and the HTSC element were analyzed in the proposed SFCL. As a result, it is confirmed that in the case of the additive polarity winding, the power consumption and the energy consumption of the HTSC element were lower than those in the subtractive polarity winding, and the fault current limiting characteristics were excellent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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22 pages, 12648 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Magnetic Field Properties of a 3.0 T/m Air-Core HTS Quadrupole Magnet and Optimal Shape Design to Increase the Critical Current Reduced by the Incident Magnetic Field
by Yojong Choi, Junseong Kim, Geonwoo Baek, Seunghak Han, Woo Seung Lee and Tae Kuk Ko
Electronics 2020, 9(3), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030450 - 7 Mar 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3693
Abstract
Air-core high-temperature superconducting quadrupole magnets (AHQMs) differ from conventional iron-core quadrupole magnets, in that their iron cores are removed, and instead high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) are applied. The high operating temperature and high thermal stability of HTS magnets can improve their thermodynamic cooling efficiency. [...] Read more.
Air-core high-temperature superconducting quadrupole magnets (AHQMs) differ from conventional iron-core quadrupole magnets, in that their iron cores are removed, and instead high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) are applied. The high operating temperature and high thermal stability of HTS magnets can improve their thermodynamic cooling efficiency. Thus, HTS magnets are more suitable than low temperature superconducting magnets for withstanding radiation and high heat loads in the hot cells of accelerators. AHQMs are advantageous because they are compact, light, and free from the hysteresis of ferromagnetic materials, due to the removal of the iron-core. To verify the feasibility of the use of AHQMs, we designed and fabricated a 3.0 T/m AHQM. The magnetic field properties of the fabricated AHQM were evaluated. Additionally, the characteristics of the air-core model and iron-core model of 9.0 T/m were compared in the scale for practical operation. In comparison with the iron-core model, AHQM significantly reduces the critical current (IC) due to the strong magnetic field inside the coil. In this study, a method for the accurate calculation of IC is introduced, and the calculated results are compared with measured results. Furthermore, the optimal shape design of the AHQM to increase the critical current is introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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20 pages, 6478 KiB  
Article
A Smart Overvoltage Monitoring and Hierarchical Pattern Recognizing System for Power Grid with HTS Cables
by Kaihua Jiang, Lin Du, Yubo Wang and Jianwei Li
Electronics 2019, 8(10), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101194 - 20 Oct 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3367
Abstract
As one part of the power system, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables may be subject to various system faults, such as overvoltage. When overvoltage occurs, HTS cables may quench and the resistance of HTS tapes will increase rapidly, which will result in reduction of [...] Read more.
As one part of the power system, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables may be subject to various system faults, such as overvoltage. When overvoltage occurs, HTS cables may quench and the resistance of HTS tapes will increase rapidly, which will result in reduction of transmission capacity, increase of power loss and even electrical insulation breakdown. To protect the operation safety of power system, the level of overvoltage should be investigated in the system. This paper proposes a non-contact variable frequency sampling and hierarchical pattern recognizing system for overvoltage. Lightning and internal overvoltage signals are captured by specially designed non-contact voltage sensors. The sensors are installed at the grounding tap of transformer bushings and the cross arm of transmission towers. A variable sampling technique is employed to solve the conflict between sampling speed and storage capacity. A hierarchical pattern recognizing system is proposed to subdivide each overvoltage into specific types. Seven common overvoltages are discussed and analyzed. Wavelet theory and S-transform singular value decomposition (SVD) theory are adopted to extract the feature parameters of different overvoltages. Particle swarm optimization is employed to maintain a high classification rate and improve the initial set of the support vector machine (SVM) used as recognition algorithm. Field-acquired overvoltage data from an 110 kV substation validate the effectiveness of the proposed recognition system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems with Superconductivity)
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