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Electronics
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V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030
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V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer Science & Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 22027

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrei Vladyko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
R&D Department, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: Internet of Things (IoT); wireless sensor network (WSN); vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET); vehicle-to-everything (V2X); software-defined networking (SDN); network security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ammar Muthanna

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
Interests: Internet of Things (IoT); software-defined networking (SDN); 5G; 6G; intelligent edge
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the recent innovation of control systems, the replacement of human control with autonomous control becomes a demand for vehicle systems. This pushes us to develop a reliable communication system able to provide a communication medium for such networks and their applications. However, designing such networks faces many challenges due to the high mobility of cars and the required latency of expected run applications. Furthermore, such networks should support an enormous amount of traffic and high density of vehicles. Thus, new technologies and infrastructure should be deployed.

This issue aims to share research on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications algorithms and distributed edge computing for network 2030 and studies developing an efficient system for data traffic flow in 5G networks with the associated mathematical methods.

We welcome submissions addressing the important challenges (see the non-exhaustive list of topics below) and presenting novel research or experimentation results. Survey papers that offer an original perspective on related work and identify key challenges for future research are welcome as well. We look forward to your submissions.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • V2X technologies for NET-2030
  • 6G for V2X Communications
  • 5G V2X systems
  • Offloading algorithm for V2X-based edge computing system architecture
  • SDN controller for optimal traffic control and management
  • Edge computing for V2X
  • Blockchain for V2X security
  • Drones in V2X communications
  • Fog computing for V2X
  • V2X communication for autonomous driving and highly automated vehicles
  • D2D and V2X communications
  • Artificial intelligence for V2X network management optimization

Dr. Andrei Vladyko
Dr. Ammar Muthanna
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)
  • NET-2030
  • 6G V2X
  • highly automated vehicle (HAV)

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2761 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Efficiency of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles with Different Communication Topologies
by Hui Liu, Lian Gong, Xing Chen, Xunjia Zheng and Cheng Lv
Electronics 2023, 12(17), 3584; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173584 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 907
Abstract
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) employ vehicle-to-vehicle communications to safely drive in a platoon with short inter-vehicle distances, which can improve traffic throughput and reduce fuel consumption. With the development of wireless communication technology, more and more information can be used for vehicle [...] Read more.
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) employ vehicle-to-vehicle communications to safely drive in a platoon with short inter-vehicle distances, which can improve traffic throughput and reduce fuel consumption. With the development of wireless communication technology, more and more information can be used for vehicle controllers. However, is more information better? In this paper, a fuel economy-based performance evaluation index is established for evaluating the efficiency of CAVs driving in a platoon with different communication topologies. Four typical communication topologies that describe the CAV with different amounts of information are studied by the linear controller. The differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the parameters. Due to the increase in information, more control parameters need to be computed, and it is hard to find an optimal solution. So, the simulation results show that CAV with more information did not obtain a better fuel economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030)
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18 pages, 1449 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Beacon Distribution Mechanism for Internet of Vehicles: An Analytical Study
by Lakhdar Kamel Ouladdjedid and Bouziane Brik
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040818 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
In the last decade, with the arrival of the 5G communication technology and the increasing numbers of vehicles being connected to the internet, conventional vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are evolving towards the internet of vehicles (IoV), which makes the co-existence of IEEE 802.11p [...] Read more.
In the last decade, with the arrival of the 5G communication technology and the increasing numbers of vehicles being connected to the internet, conventional vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are evolving towards the internet of vehicles (IoV), which makes the co-existence of IEEE 802.11p and 5G-based technologies very important for the design of a heterogeneous IoV system that takes advantage of both. The IEEE 802.11p standard is still the best candidate to support direct communications for safety critical services. In fact, both the ETSI ITS-G5 and the IEEE 1609 standard families adopt the IEEE 802.11p standard as a medium access control (MAC) mechanism, and they require vehicles to exchange periodic awareness messages to avoid dangerous situations. When the density of vehicles increases, the MAC layer will suffer from radio channel congestion problems, and this may affect the various VANET applications, especially safety applications. Therefore, the decentralized congestion control (DCC) mechanism has been specified by ETSI to mitigate the channel congestion; this was achieved by adapting the transmission parameters, such as the transmit power and data-rate. However, many research studies have demonstrated limitations and a low performance of DCC, especially when the channel load is extremely high. To deal with this, in this paper, we investigate a new promising technique, called the transmission timing control (TTC), to control the channel load for periodic cooperative awareness. It consists of spreading the transmissions over time in order to avoid contention on the transmission channel. The objective of the paper is to propose an analytical study to calculate the probability of successful transmission using TTC. The demonstrated results show the efficiency of our timing control-enabled scheme to deal with the channel load on top of different conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030)
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20 pages, 2022 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic-Aided Fast-Layered Alternating Iterative Tensor Channel Estimation for V2X Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems
by Xiaoping Zhou, Zhen Ma, Jiehui Li and Liang Yu
Electronics 2022, 11(22), 3742; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223742 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1473
Abstract
Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications can support enhanced V2X applications for connected and automated vehicles. The design of millimeter-wave V2X communications is, however, not exempt from challenges as a result of fast time-varying propagation and highly dynamic vehicular networks and [...] Read more.
Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications can support enhanced V2X applications for connected and automated vehicles. The design of millimeter-wave V2X communications is, however, not exempt from challenges as a result of fast time-varying propagation and highly dynamic vehicular networks and topologies. To address some of these challenges, we propose an ultrasonic-aided tensor channel estimation for V2X millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems to improve the safety and traffic efficiency of cooperative automated driving. At the receiver, the dimension of multidimensional complex V2X information is reduced by the subspace tensor decomposition model. In order to quickly track beam angle changes caused by vehicle position changes, the ultrasonic-aided direction of arrival (DOA) tracking method is adopted to provide information about the surrounding environment. Based on the ultra-high resolution quantization grid and adaptive iterative update of the dictionary matrix, the DOA of the ultrasonic signal can be tracked. The angle update information of the millimeter-wave signal can be obtained by converting the estimated angle information. Using the cost function with global characteristics and ultrasonic-aided DOA tracking, a fast-layered alternating iterative tensor algorithm is proposed for joint iterative channel estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed solution outperforms some advanced alternative methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030)
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18 pages, 4603 KiB  
Article
Design and Development of Smart Parking System Based on Fog Computing and Internet of Things
by Mohammed Balfaqih, Waheb Jabbar, Mashael Khayyat and Rosilah Hassan
Electronics 2021, 10(24), 3184; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243184 - 20 Dec 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5526
Abstract
Current parking systems employ a single gateway-centered solution (i.e., cloud) for data processing which leads to the possibility of a single point of failure, data loss, and high delays. Moreover, the parking-spot selection process considers criteria that do not maximize parking utilization and [...] Read more.
Current parking systems employ a single gateway-centered solution (i.e., cloud) for data processing which leads to the possibility of a single point of failure, data loss, and high delays. Moreover, the parking-spot selection process considers criteria that do not maximize parking utilization and revenue. The pricing strategy does not achieve high revenue because a fixed pricing rate is utilized. To address these issues, this paper proposes a smart parking system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that provides useful information to drivers and parking administrators about available parking spots and related services such as parking navigation, reservation, and availability estimation. A multi-layer architecture is developed that consists of multiple sensor nodes, and fog and cloud computing layers. The acquired parking data are processed through fog computing nodes to facilitate obtaining the required real-time parking data. A novel algorithm to obtain the optimal parking spot with the minimum arrival time is also presented. Proof-of-concept implementation and simulation evaluations are conducted to validate the system performance. The findings show that the system reduces the parking arrival time by 16–46% compared to current parking systems. In addition, the revenue is increased for the parking authority by 10–15%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030)
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Review

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23 pages, 6312 KiB  
Review
Deep Learning-Based Pedestrian Detection in Autonomous Vehicles: Substantial Issues and Challenges
by Sundas Iftikhar, Zuping Zhang, Muhammad Asim, Ammar Muthanna, Andrey Koucheryavy and Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif
Electronics 2022, 11(21), 3551; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213551 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 10877
Abstract
In recent years, autonomous vehicles have become more and more popular due to their broad influence over society, as they increase passenger safety and convenience, lower fuel consumption, reduce traffic blockage and accidents, save costs, and enhance reliability. However, autonomous vehicles suffer from [...] Read more.
In recent years, autonomous vehicles have become more and more popular due to their broad influence over society, as they increase passenger safety and convenience, lower fuel consumption, reduce traffic blockage and accidents, save costs, and enhance reliability. However, autonomous vehicles suffer from some functionality errors which need to be minimized before they are completely deployed onto main roads. Pedestrian detection is one of the most considerable tasks (functionality errors) in autonomous vehicles to prevent accidents. However, accurate pedestrian detection is a very challenging task due to the following issues: (i) occlusion and deformation and (ii) low-quality and multi-spectral images. Recently, deep learning (DL) technologies have exhibited great potential for addressing the aforementioned pedestrian detection issues in autonomous vehicles. This survey paper provides an overview of pedestrian detection issues and the recent advances made in addressing them with the help of DL techniques. Informative discussions and future research works are also presented, with the aim of offering insights to the readers and motivating new research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue V2X Communications and Applications for NET-2030)
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