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Electronics
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Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems
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Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 16406

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Oyunchimeg Shagdar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
REVECOM TEAM, VEDECOM Institute, 23 bis Allée des Marronniers, 78000 Versailles, France
Interests: C-ITS; wireless communications; heterogeneous vehicular networking; cybersecurity; context awareness
Prof. Dr. Nadjib Ait Saadi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bâtiment Descartes — Campus des Sciences, Universite de Versailles Saint Quintin (UVSQ), 78000 Versailles, France
Interests: cellular networks; C-V2X: security and routing; cloud networking; wireless multimedia sensor networks
Dr. Mohamed Hadded

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRT SystemX, 2 Bd Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
Interests: cybersecurity; privacy; C-ITS; communication protocols and optimization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Next-generation wireless communication technologies are believed to be an essential factor for the success of autonomous cars in the years ahead, and they will enable the deployment of novel services and application scenarios in future intelligent transportation by allowing different entities to share data in a fast and reliable manner. Advancement in communication technologies for intelligent transportation systems together with advanced computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) cause important features such as large-scale network deployments, technology selection in heterogeneous wireless access, and smart and secure integrated services to be greatly in demand.

The aim of this Special Issue is to attract and publish high-quality peer-reviewed papers in the area of intelligent transportation systems. The guest editorial board invites researchers and industrial experts to submit interesting and innovative contributions and surveys covering all aspects of next-generation wireless communication technologies such as 4G/5G/6G, VLC, mmWave, together with advanced computing and AI applied in the context of transportation systems. The scope of this Special Issue includes but is not limited to:

  • Wireless communication technologies for ITS (4G/5G/6G, Wi-Fi, VLC, mmWave, etc.);
  • Vehicular heterogeneous networks and management (technology selection, routing, IPv6, NDN, ICN);
  • Softwarization/virtualization solutions for vehicular communications (SDN, NFV, MEC, cloud);
  • Artificial intelligence for vehicular communications;
  • Solutions for security and privacy protection (PKI, IPsec, VPN, TLS, and blockchain);
  • Simulations, experimentations, and field tests;
  • Standardization activities;
  • C-ITS applications and their enablers (collective perception, maneuver coordination, platooning, remote driving).

Dr. Oyunchimeg Shagdar
Prof. Dr. Nadjib Ait Saadi
Dr. Mohamed Hadded
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Wireless communication technologies for ITS (4G/5G/6G, Wi-Fi, VLC, mmWave, etc.)
  • Vehicular heterogeneous networks and management (technology selection, routing, IPv6, NDN, ICN)
  • Softwarization/virtualization solutions for vehicular communications (SDN, NFV, MEC)
  • Artificial intelligence for vehicular communications
  • Solutions for security and privacy protection (PKI, IPsec, VPN, TLS, and blockchain)
  • Simulations, experimentations, and field tests
  • Standardization activities
  • C-ITS applications and their enablers (collective perception, maneuver coordination, platooning, remote driving)
  • Safety, security and reliability of critical computer applications

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3735 KiB  
Article
A Microscopic Platoon Stability Model Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication
by Mushtaq Ahmad, Zahid Khan, Anis Koubaa and Wadii Boulila
Electronics 2022, 11(13), 1994; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131994 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
With Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication capability, vehicle platoon on the highway helps to reduce traffic congestion. However, the dynamic nature of vehicles imposes challenges on the V2V-based platoon management. In this paper, by considering the characteristics of a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a microscopic [...] Read more.
With Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication capability, vehicle platoon on the highway helps to reduce traffic congestion. However, the dynamic nature of vehicles imposes challenges on the V2V-based platoon management. In this paper, by considering the characteristics of a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a microscopic platoon management scheme is proposed to deal with three basic dynamic platoon maneuvers, namely merging, splitting, and speed-change. The congestion detection feature of VANET is used as a scale for platoon merging, splitting, and speed selection. Real-time congestion is detected if the number of vehicles in a given road segment exceeds the occupancy rate or the time headway is less than the thresholds. In the proposed platoon management scheme, platoon maintenance is triggered in congestion detection. Finally, a VANET-based platoon platform is built by using Network Simulator Version 2 (NS2) network simulation to assess the performance over some real road traces generated by Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). It is shown that V2V-based dynamic vehicle platoon management provides an inexpensive technique to cope with the dynamic platoon management requirement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems)
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18 pages, 2212 KiB  
Article
Optical CDMA MAC Evaluation in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications
by Emmanuel Plascencia, Oyunchimeg Shagdar, Hongyu Guan, Olivier Barrois and Luc Chassagne
Electronics 2022, 11(9), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091454 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
One of the most critical challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) visible light communications (VLCs) is the access capability of multi-users over the same channel. VLC links are known to be line of sight (LOS) and highly directional compared to the commonly used radio-frequency (RF) [...] Read more.
One of the most critical challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) visible light communications (VLCs) is the access capability of multi-users over the same channel. VLC links are known to be line of sight (LOS) and highly directional compared to the commonly used radio-frequency (RF) technologies, but multi-user interference can still be problematic. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a medium access control (MAC) protocol for VLC. In the present work, we propose a novel optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) protocol. The fundamentals of the VLC channel are presented, and the interference problem is discussed in more detail. We also explain the CDMA MAC protocol and its adaptation from optical fiber communications. The simulations with our OCDMA protocol based on pseudo-noise (PN) sequence codes are presented, and the results are compared with those obtained using a solution based on VLC and optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) from the OCDMA gold standard. Finally, the results show that PN sequence OCDMA can provide sufficiently high performance and is particularly attractive because there are no synchronization requirements between nodes in real V2V scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems)
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16 pages, 4348 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Computation Offloading with Task Scheduling Minimizing Reallocation in VANETs
by Minyeong Gong, Younghwan Yoo and Sanghyun Ahn
Electronics 2022, 11(7), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071106 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1747
Abstract
Computation Offloading (CO) can accelerate application running through parallel processing. This paper proposes a method called vehicular adaptive offloading (VAO) in which vehicles in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) offload computationally intensive tasks to nearby vehicles by taking into account the dynamic topology change [...] Read more.
Computation Offloading (CO) can accelerate application running through parallel processing. This paper proposes a method called vehicular adaptive offloading (VAO) in which vehicles in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) offload computationally intensive tasks to nearby vehicles by taking into account the dynamic topology change of VANETs. In CO, task scheduling has a huge impact on overall performance. After representing the precedence relationship between tasks with a directed acyclic graph (DAG), VAO in the CO requesting vehicle assigns tasks to neighbors so that it can minimize the probability of task reallocations caused by connection disruption between vehicles in VANETs. The simulation results showed that the proposed method decreases the number of reallocations by 45.4%, as compared with the well-known task scheduling algorithms HEFT and Max-Min. Accordingly, the schedule length of entire tasks belonging to one application is shortened by 14.4% on average. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems)
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18 pages, 682 KiB  
Article
Context-Aware Content Selection and Message Generation for Collective Perception Services
by Ameni Chtourou, Pierre Merdrignac and Oyunchimeg Shagdar
Electronics 2021, 10(20), 2509; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202509 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2231
Abstract
Collective perception messages (CPMs) inform neighbors about detected objects and their current status. Although CPMs can greatly contribute to improving vehicle perception, their performance will degrade if the wireless channel is saturated and/or vehicles must process excessively high amount of data to build [...] Read more.
Collective perception messages (CPMs) inform neighbors about detected objects and their current status. Although CPMs can greatly contribute to improving vehicle perception, their performance will degrade if the wireless channel is saturated and/or vehicles must process excessively high amount of data to build such a perception. Channel saturation and processing overhead can be induced by transmissions of CPMs if vehicles and roadside infrastructure transmit CPMs too often with too much redundant information. Indeed, according to the current draft standard, the CPM generation frequency at individual vehicles and infrastructure can be as high as 10 Hz and depending on the perception capability, individual CPMs can be quite heavy (around 1500 Bytes), containing redundant information. It is hence important to integrate techniques that reduce information redundancy while providing sufficient perception with optimal resource use. In this paper, we propose context-aware communication schemes that control CPM content selection and transmission. Two types of contexts, particularly radio resource use (channel busy ratio: CBR) and infrastructure availability, have been considered in the proposed schemes. Using a network simulator, we evaluated the performances of the proposed schemes in terms of CBR, packet delivery ratio and awareness ratio. The simulation results show that the scheme that takes into account both resource use and infrastructure availability offers the best performance on all the above metrics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems)
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18 pages, 5203 KiB  
Article
Describing I2V Communication in Scenarios for Simulation-Based Safety Assessment of Truck Platooning
by Jacco van de Sluis, Olaf Op den Camp, Jeroen Broos, Ihsan Yalcinkaya and Erwin de Gelder
Electronics 2021, 10(19), 2362; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192362 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
V2X communication plays an important role in the transition towards connected, cooperative, automated driving. Wireless communication enables instant information exchange between vehicles (V2V) to support, e.g., platooning, and between the infrastructure and vehicles (I2V) to inform vehicles on, e.g., the local speed limit [...] Read more.
V2X communication plays an important role in the transition towards connected, cooperative, automated driving. Wireless communication enables instant information exchange between vehicles (V2V) to support, e.g., platooning, and between the infrastructure and vehicles (I2V) to inform vehicles on, e.g., the local speed limit information or the approach of an accident location. In the Horizon 2020 HEADSTART project, we have shown how to test V2V communication in a scenario-based safety assessment framework. Safety assessment aims to determine the impact on safety in the case of potentially critical scenarios, e.g., due to, or in parallel to deterioration of communication. In this study, we extend this methodology with the incorporation of I2V communication. The developed method allows us to treat V2V and I2V communication independently. We demonstrate the method in the use case of an Intelligent Speed Adaptation I2V-functionality for platooning trucks. The practical implementation of test descriptions that consider the potential deterioration of communication signals in the standardized OpenSCENARIO format is shown. The study illustrates how tests are performed in a hardware-in-the-loop setup specifically developed for testing platooning functions. The availability of a test method that is capable of dealing with V2X communication is an important step towards the implementation of type approval methods for Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems)
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12 pages, 1907 KiB  
Article
Millimeter-Wave Channel Modeling in a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Using Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) Code
by Arshee Ahmed, Haroon Rasheed and Madhusanka Liyanage
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10090992 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3091
Abstract
The increase in capacity demand for vehicular communication is generating interest among researchers. The standard spectra allocated to VANET tend to be saturated and are no longer enough for real-time applications. Millimeter-wave is a potential candidate for VANET applications. However, millimeter-wave is susceptible [...] Read more.
The increase in capacity demand for vehicular communication is generating interest among researchers. The standard spectra allocated to VANET tend to be saturated and are no longer enough for real-time applications. Millimeter-wave is a potential candidate for VANET applications. However, millimeter-wave is susceptible to pathloss and fading, which degrade system performance. Beamforming, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and diversity techniques are being employed to minimize throughput, reliability and data rate issues. This paper presents a tractable channel model for VANET in which system performance degradation due to error is addressed by concatenated Alamouti space-time block coding (ASTBC) and Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) coding. Two closed-form approximations of bit error rate (BER), one for BCH in Rayleigh fading and the second for BCH with ASTBC, are derived. These expressions comprise SNR and code rate and can be utilized in designing VANET architectures. The results show that the BER using concatenated ASTBC and BCH outmatches the conventional BER ASTBC expression. The analytical results are compared with numerical results, thereby showing the accuracy of our closed-form expressions. The performance of the proposed expressions is evaluated using different code rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technology in Intelligent Transport Systems)
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