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Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems: Design, Development, Analysis and Implementation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (14 November 2024) | Viewed by 2336

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Energy Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Interests: EV/HEV dynamic modelling; control and simulation; vehicle supervisory control; battery energy storage; energy management systems; battery management systems; vehicle-to-grid; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Centre for Advanced Low Carbon Propulsion Systems (C-ALPS), Coventry University, Coventry, UK
Interests: battery energy storage system; design of experiment for battery characterisation; model and simulation; parameter optimisation; adaptive state and parameter estimation; control algorithms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A complete battery system consists of many hundreds of individual cells connected in series and/or parallels, and through cell interconnects, control circuits, and cabling and thermal management. Manufacturing tolerances coupled with demanding duty cycles and a heterogeneous environment, particularly the presence of thermal differences within the battery system, result in significant variations in the rate of cell degradation and the energy distribution amongst the cells. Within the field of battery system design and integration, a key enabling technology is the design of the battery management system (BMS). This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality review and research articles related to the topic of battery management systems for lithium-ion battery research and applications for BMS development and implementation. We encourage researchers from various fields within the journal’s scope to contribute their papers highlighting the latest research and developments in their research field, or to invite other relevant experts and colleagues to participate. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • State-of-the-art technologies and new developments for BMS applications;
  • Review articles for Li-ion BMS research and applications;
  • The design, verification, and implementation of enhanced algorithms for battery control and monitoring, including: state-of-charge (SOH), state-of-power (SOP), state-of-health (SOH), and state-of-function (SOF);
  • Battery diagnostic and prognostic functions;
  • Battery system thermal management;
  • Smart Li-ion BMS development;
  • Small-scale and large-scale Li-ion BMS integration;
  • Control development and optimisation for BMS functionalities;
  • Active battery balancing control features, topologies, and integration;
  • The role of the BMS in extending battery pack functionality and service life (e.g., second life and vehicle-to-grid operation);
  • Functional safety within the context of BMS design and verification;
  • Security and privacy in BMS development.

Dr. Truong Minh Ngoc Bui
Dr. Cheng Zhang
Dr. Truong Quang Dinh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • battery management system
  • active balancing
  • state-of-charge
  • state-of-health
  • battery prognostic
  • battery thermal management
  • second-life battery
  • vehicle-to-grid

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 8471 KiB  
Article
Impact of Data Corruption and Operating Temperature on Performance of Model-Based SoC Estimation
by King Hang Wu, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Saad Mekhilef, Prashant Shrivastava and Alex Stojcevski
Energies 2024, 17(19), 4791; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194791 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 603
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming popular around the world. Making a lithium battery (LIB) pack with a robust battery management system (BMS) for an EV to operate under different complex environments is both a challenge and a requirement for engineers. A BMS can [...] Read more.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming popular around the world. Making a lithium battery (LIB) pack with a robust battery management system (BMS) for an EV to operate under different complex environments is both a challenge and a requirement for engineers. A BMS can intelligently manage LIB systems by estimating the battery state of charge (SoC). Due to the nonlinear characteristics of LIB, influenced by factors such as the harsh environment and data corruption caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI) inside electric vehicles, SoC estimation should consider available capacity, model parameters, operating temperature and reductions in data sampling time. The widely used model-based algorithms, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) have limitations. Therefore, a detailed review of the balance between temperature, data sampling time, and different model-based algorithms is necessary. Firstly, a state of charge—open-circuit voltage (SoC-OCV) curve of LIB is obtained by the polynomial curve fitting (PCF) method. Secondly, a first-order RC (1-RC) equivalent circuit model (ECM) is applied to identify the battery parameters using a forgetting factor-based recursive least squares algorithm (FF-RLS), ensuring accurate internal battery parameters for the next step of SoC estimation. Thirdly, different model-based algorithms are utilized to estimate the SoC of LIB under various operating temperatures and data sampling times. Finally, the experimental data by dynamic stress test (DST) is collected at temperatures of 10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C, respectively, to verify and analyze the impact of operating temperature and data sampling time to provide a practical reference for the SoC estimation. Full article
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16 pages, 4113 KiB  
Article
Direct Sonochemical Leaching of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn from Mixed Li-Ion Batteries with Organic Acids
by Joanna Willner, Agnieszka Fornalczyk, Bernadeta Gajda, Tomasz Figlus, Adam Swieboda, Dawid Wegrzyński, Aleksander Mlonka, Bartosz Perenc and Michał Kander
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4055; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164055 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 803
Abstract
Metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese are widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic devices and electric vehicles. It is forecast that there will be a strong increase in the number of electronic devices and electric vehicles in the coming [...] Read more.
Metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese are widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic devices and electric vehicles. It is forecast that there will be a strong increase in the number of electronic devices and electric vehicles in the coming years. (1) Background: In this paper, the application of ultrasound waves on improving Li, Co, Mn, and Ni leaching efficiency from mixed active cathode materials from different types of LIBs is presented. (2) Methods: Environmentally friendly, low-concentrated (0.75 M) organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid) and, additionally, sulfuric acid, were used in sonochemical and chemical leaching (stirring process) at a temperature of 60 °C. (3) Results: The results showed significantly higher leaching efficiency of metals with ultrasound-assisted treatment, especially when using organic acids. An average of 50% better leaching results were obtained for Li in oxalic acid (99.6%) and for Co (93.1%) in citric acid during sonochemical leaching. (4) Conclusions: Based on the theory of hydrogen peroxide formation during ultrasound wave transition in solutions, the role of H2O2 as one of the most effective reductants used to enhance cobalt, manganese, and nickel leaching from LIBs is indicated. Full article
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