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Energies
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Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems
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Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 9994

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuting Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0061, Japan
Interests: permanent magnet machine; flux modulation machine; linear machine; servo machine; electric vehicle traction machine
Prof. Dr. Libing Jing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Interests: design, modeling and analysis of electrical machines and magnetic gear
Prof. Dr. Dawei Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Interests: magnetic field modulation motor; ultra high power density motor system; CNC machine tool/industrial robot servo motor; electric vehicle traction motor
Dr. Christopher H.T. Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: electric motor and drives; renewable energy systems; electromechanical propulsion technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Flux modulation machines have become a hot research topic and gained lots of attention over the last few decades. They are a big family, which includes vernier PM machines, magnetic geared machines, flux switching machines, flux reversal machines, transverse flux machines, variable reluctance machines, brushless doubly fed machines, etc. Flux modulation machines operate on the magnetic gearing effect, thus possessing advantages such as high torque density, low pulsating torque, sinusoidal voltage waveform, etc. Hence, flux modulation machines are promising choices for applications, including servo system, oil pumping, electric vehicles, wind power generation, etc. However, flux modulation machines have several unique shortcomings, e.g., rich harmonics, low power factor, large eddy current loss, strong armature reaction. Therefore, researchers are facing numerous challenges in both design techniques and control strategies for high-performance flux modulation machines. This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for professionals from both academia and industry all over the world to exchange their experience and achievements within the scope of machine topology, design, analysis, control, and applications of flux modulation machines and systems.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Mathematical and integrated modeling of flux modulation machines;
• Power factor and torque analysis for flux modulation machines;
• Multi-electrical or mechanical ports flux modulation machines;
• New topologies of flux modulation machines;
• Multi-objective optimization techniques for flux modulation machines;
• Novel vector and direct torque control strategies for flux modulation machines;
• Sensorless control for flux modulation machines;
• New applications for flux modulation machines and systems.

Dr. Yuting Gao
Prof. Dr. Libing Jing
Prof. Dr. Dawei Li
Prof. Dr. Christopher H.T. Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flux modulation machine
  • novel topology
  • design and optimization
  • control strategy
  • new application

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3780 KiB  
Article
Analytical Investigation of Magnetic Scalar Potentials Oscillation in Spoke PM Flux Modulation Machines
by Lutf Ur Rahman, Abdur Rehman and Byungtaek Kim
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3658; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093658 - 24 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1091
Abstract
In this paper, the oscillation phenomena of the scalar magnetic potential of iron pieces of spoke permanent magnet (PM) machines are analyzed and the effects of the oscillation on the air gap flux and back electro-motive force (EMF) are deeply investigated, especially for [...] Read more.
In this paper, the oscillation phenomena of the scalar magnetic potential of iron pieces of spoke permanent magnet (PM) machines are analyzed and the effects of the oscillation on the air gap flux and back electro-motive force (EMF) are deeply investigated, especially for flux modulation machines such as vernier and flux switching PM (FSPM) machines. To these ends, the formula of the scalar magnetic potential is derived for a generalized spoke PM structure. It reveals that the oscillation phenomena depend on the slot/pole combination, consequently resulting in different behavior according to the machine types such as vernier and FSPM machines. Next, each core’s potential given as a discrete function is developed into a continuous function of an air gap magneto-motive force (MMF) rotating and oscillating through Fourier series expansion. Making use of the developed MMF and the specific permeance of air gap, the equations of air gap flux density and back EMF are derived, which enable accurately estimating the suppression of the modulation flux and the back EMF due to the potential oscillation for different types of spoke PM machines. For validation, various magnetic characteristics are quantitatively examined for different type of spoke PM structures, including PM vernier and FSPM machines, and verified by comparing with FEM simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems)
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20 pages, 9031 KiB  
Article
Prototype of a Two-Phase Axial-Gap Transverse Flux Generator Based on Reused Components and 3D Printing
by Víctor Ballestín-Bernad, Jesús Sergio Artal-Sevil and José Antonio Domínguez-Navarro
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041594 - 5 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
This paper presents a prototype of a low-cost two-phase axial-gap transverse flux generator, in which the magnetic and electric circuits have been made of reused materials, and the stator housing has been manufactured by 3D printing of plastic. Therefore, this work presents as [...] Read more.
This paper presents a prototype of a low-cost two-phase axial-gap transverse flux generator, in which the magnetic and electric circuits have been made of reused materials, and the stator housing has been manufactured by 3D printing of plastic. Therefore, this work presents as a novelty the combination of the novel transverse flux topology and two challenging trends in electrical machines manufacturing, such as reusing of components and additive manufacturing. Axial-gap transverse flux machines potentially enable the combination of two of the main advantages of axial flux machines and transverse flux machines, i.e., short axial length and a high number of poles. The two-phase arrangement with shared air gap is of great interest in order to reduce further the axial length while avoiding the use of magnetic materials in the rotor, such as iron or soft magnetic composites. However, the equivalent air gap might be large, with significant leakage and fringing effects as the magnetic flux closes through the air. Therefore, in this paper the accuracy of the analytical equations and the magnetic equivalent circuit is firstly investigated. The two-phase axial-gap transverse flux machine is prone to misalignment between phases and rotor imbalances that alter the air gap length, so these effects have been included in the simulations with the finite element method. Experimental tests have been conducted throughout the investigation, from the prototype characterization to the steady-state operation, both with no load and with resistive loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems)
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14 pages, 4425 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Flux Reversal Machine with Auxiliary Teeth
by Libing Jing, Kun Yang, Yuting Gao, Zhangtao Kui and Zeyu Min
Energies 2022, 15(23), 8906; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238906 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
As a typical representative of the stator permanent magnet (PM) machines, the flux reversal machines (FRMs) have a simple structure, high availability of PMs, and high efficiency, making them suitable for direct drive applications. However, the PMs of the FRMs are mounted on [...] Read more.
As a typical representative of the stator permanent magnet (PM) machines, the flux reversal machines (FRMs) have a simple structure, high availability of PMs, and high efficiency, making them suitable for direct drive applications. However, the PMs of the FRMs are mounted on the surface of the stator tooth, and its equivalent length of air gap is relatively large, which limits the torque increase. To improve the torque density, a novel FRM with auxiliary teeth is proposed in this paper. Half of the stator teeth are replaced by auxiliary teeth without PMs to reduce magnetic flux leakage, the number of PMs on each stator tooth is also changed. To improve the torque, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the key design parameters to determine the optimal parameters of the machine. Finally, a finite element model is established to verify the analysis results. Compared with the conventional FRM, the torque of the proposed FRM is increased by 25.1%, the torque ripple is reduced by 24.1%, and the consumption of PMs is reduced by 24.1%. Therefore, the proposed FRM has a broader application prospect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems)
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28 pages, 9923 KiB  
Article
Rotor Investigation of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor with Roundness Error and CFD-Thermal Distribution Analysis
by Jingjuan Du, Chaojiang Li, Jian Zhao, Xinyu Huang, Yupeng Liu and Haiying Lv
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4606; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134606 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
The rotor overtemperature caused by losses is one of the important issues for the high-speed electrical machine. This paper focuses on the rotor loss analysis and CFD-thermal coupling evaluation for 105 kW, 36,000 r/min HSPMSM. Three types of sleeve materials as carbon-fiber, Titanium [...] Read more.
The rotor overtemperature caused by losses is one of the important issues for the high-speed electrical machine. This paper focuses on the rotor loss analysis and CFD-thermal coupling evaluation for 105 kW, 36,000 r/min HSPMSM. Three types of sleeve materials as carbon-fiber, Titanium alloy, and stainless steel are introduced in this paper, researching the effects of sleeve conductivity, thickness and rotational speed on rotor eddy current loss, balancing rotor mechanical strength. The sleeve made of titanium alloy material with a thickness of 3.5 mm is chosen to effectively suppress the rotor eddy current loss in high-speed motors in the paper. The air friction loss becomes significant based on the PM motor at high rotational speed. The roundness error of the rotor sleeve has the important impact on the air friction loss of the rotor and the rotor temperature of the motor, which leads to the over temperature of the rotor. Therefore, based on the CFD fluid model, the influence of roundness error, cooling parameters, rotational speed and temperature boundary on the air friction loss is studied in detail, and the expression is summarized to provide reference for estimating the air friction loss. According to the rotor structure in this paper, the optimal cooling air inlet velocity is 10 m/s. Finally, the loss separation method is used to obtain the air friction loss measurement results. The accuracy of the finite element calculation results of air friction loss is verified through the experimental data. The temperature rise of the HSPMSM was also measured with 5.5% error. In this paper, the conclusion and analysis method could provide some reference for the research of the rotor structure and the improvement of the efficiency of HSPMMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems)
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16 pages, 5650 KiB  
Article
Design and Analysis of a High Torque Density Hybrid Permanent Magnet Excited Vernier Machine
by Mei Kang, Liang Xu, Jinghua Ji and Xuhui Zhu
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051723 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2083
Abstract
Permanent magnet (PM) excited vernier machines capable of high torque density have good potential for electric vehicles while requiring high rare earth PM consumption. To achieve a high torque density at a reasonable material cost, hybrid PM excited vernier machines incorporating both expensive [...] Read more.
Permanent magnet (PM) excited vernier machines capable of high torque density have good potential for electric vehicles while requiring high rare earth PM consumption. To achieve a high torque density at a reasonable material cost, hybrid PM excited vernier machines incorporating both expensive rare earth and low-cost ferrite magnets are investigated in this paper. Various combinations of PM arrangements for the hybrid permanent magnet excited vernier machine are investigated to acquire low cost and superior torque density. The best solution obtained is that the PM on the stator adopts rare earth material while the rotor uses ferrite. Furthermore, the PMs on the stator are arranged in an iron-cored Halbach array, which can reduce leakage flux and enhance flux density effectively and the ferrite PMs are used in the rotor, therefore, high-temperature demagnetization is avoided. Then, the reluctance torque and the cogging torque can offset each other effectively, which is beneficial to reducing the torque ripple and smoothing the electromagnetic torque. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Analysis of Flux Modulation Machines and Systems)
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