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Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects
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Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 16671

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhaowen Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: intelligent combustion; emission control; microwave-assisted ignition; alternative fuels; power mechanical testing and intelligent control; heat transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuhan Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: internal combustion engines; spray combustion; computational fluid dynamics; vehicle emissions; air quality; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bo Du

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Interests: transport data analytics; low-/zero-emission transport; traffic emission; charging/refueling solution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While the scientific and technological revolution has greatly promoted the development of human civilization, it has also brought a series of problems to the earth, such as global warming and air pollution. To protect the environment, many countries such as the United States, European Union, China, India, Japan and Australia have announced their roadmaps and measures to reach carbon neutrality. As a key source of carbon emissions, energy conservation and emissions reduction in the energy sector are crucial to the realization of carbon neutrality. Various new combustion modes for improving efficiency and reducing emissions have recently become research hotspots in the energy field. Meanwhile, the efficient use of renewable/alternative fuels such as ammonia, hydrogen, ethanol and methanol can also be used to replace fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances and prospects related to the theory, experimentation, simulation and application of all types of low-emission combustion techniques. Both research and review articles are welcome.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Low-emission combustion techniques in IC engines, gas turbines, boilers and other burners;
  • Cleaner and renewable fuels;
  • Theory and application of renewable/alternative fuels;
  • Advanced combustion measurements, diagnostic techniques and control technologies;
  • Advanced combustion simulation methods and models;
  • Advanced pollutant emission measurements and control techniques;
  • Plasma-assisted combustion, lean combustion, HCCI and other advanced combustion modes;
  • Low-/zero-emission transport planning and operation.

Dr. Zhaowen Wang
Dr. Yuhan Huang
Dr. Bo Du
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • low-emission combustion
  • renewable/alternative fuels
  • combustion modes
  • combustion diagnostics
  • emission reduction technologies
  • ignition and combustion
  • carbon neutrality
  • transport planning and operation

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2280 KiB  
Article
An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of the Laminar Burning Velocities of Ammonia/n-Heptane Blends
by Jinhu Liang, Anwen Wang, Yujia Feng, Xiaojie Li, Yi Hu, Shijun Dong, Yang Zhang and Fengqi Zhao
Energies 2024, 17(19), 4874; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194874 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 567
Abstract
Ammonia is carbon-free and is a very promising renewable fuel. The ammonia/diesel dual-fuel combustion strategy is an important combustion strategy for ammonia internal combustion engines. To achieve clean and efficient combustion with a high ammonia blending ratio in ammonia engines, it is important [...] Read more.
Ammonia is carbon-free and is a very promising renewable fuel. The ammonia/diesel dual-fuel combustion strategy is an important combustion strategy for ammonia internal combustion engines. To achieve clean and efficient combustion with a high ammonia blending ratio in ammonia engines, it is important to thoroughly investigate the combustion characteristics and chemical reaction mechanisms of ammonia/diesel fuel blends. Based on the constant volume combustion vessel experiments, the laminar burning velocities (LBVs) of ammonia/n-heptane blends were measured at the conditions of an ammonia–energy ratio of 60–100%, at initial pressures of 0.1–0.5 MPa and initial temperatures of 338–408 K, and under an equivalence ratio regime of 0.8–1.3. The experimental results indicate that the laminar burning velocities of ammonia/n-heptane fuel blends increase with a decreasing ammonia–energy ratio. Specifically, with an ammonia–energy ratio of 60%, an initial temperature of 373 K, an initial pressure of 0.1 MPa, and an equivalence ratio of 1.1, the measured LBV is approximately 20 cm/s, which is about 61% faster than that of pure ammonia flames under the same conditions. A previously developed chemical kinetic mechanism is employed to simulate the new experimental data, and the model exhibits overall good performance. The sensitivity analyses have been conducted to highlight the important reaction pathways. The elementary reaction O2 + Ḣ<=>Ö + ȮH demonstrates the most significant promotional effect on the laminar burning velocities, while the interaction reaction pathways of via H-abstraction from n-heptane by ṄH2 radicals are not showing obvious effects on the simulation results under the studied conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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21 pages, 6874 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Split Diesel Injections in Methanol/Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion in an Optical Engine
by Hongyi Zhang, Zhonghui Zhao, Jun Wu, Xinyan Wang, Weihao Ouyang and Zhaowen Wang
Energies 2024, 17(14), 3382; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143382 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 731
Abstract
Methanol is a promising alternative fuel due to its wide availability of raw materials, mature production processes, and low production cost. However, because of the low cetane number, methanol must include a more reactive fuel to assist with combustion when used in compression [...] Read more.
Methanol is a promising alternative fuel due to its wide availability of raw materials, mature production processes, and low production cost. However, because of the low cetane number, methanol must include a more reactive fuel to assist with combustion when used in compression ignition (CI) engines. In this study, based on the optical CI engine platform, methanol is injected into the intake port, and diesel is directly injected into the cylinder to achieve dual-fuel combustion. The effects of the methanol energy ratios and diesel split injection strategies on combustion are investigated. The results show that the premixed blue flame was mainly concentrated in the near wall region, whereas the yellow flame produced by diesel combustion tended to concentrate in the central region as the methanol energy ratio increased. When the methanol energy ratio exceeded 50%, the ignition delay was significantly prolonged, while the flame area was greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the peak values for the cylinder pressure and heat release rate decreased significantly, indicating a significant deterioration in combustion. At the earlier diesel pre-injection timing at −58°, the overall dual-fuel combustion at each main injection timing exhibited low-temperature premixed combustion characteristics, with a lower peak exothermic rate and flame brightness. At the later pre-injection timing at −33°, the spray flame at all main injection timings could be observed, with higher peak heat release rates and indications of thermal efficiency. Combustion at later main injection timings was characterized by diffusion combustion, and the main injection timing could effectively regulate the combustion process through phase adjustment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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14 pages, 5346 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature on Morphologies and Microstructures of Soot Particles in the Diesel Exhaust Pipe
by Hongling Ju, Fanquan Bian, Mingrui Wei and Yi Zhang
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5488; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145488 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 8305
Abstract
Insulating cotton was used to change the airflow temperature in the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine, and soot particles at different positions in the exhaust pipe under different operating conditions were collected. The morphologies and microstructures of soot particles were observed by [...] Read more.
Insulating cotton was used to change the airflow temperature in the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine, and soot particles at different positions in the exhaust pipe under different operating conditions were collected. The morphologies and microstructures of soot particles were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The characteristic parameters, including the mean primary particle diameter (dp), radius of gyration of soot aggregate (Rg), fractal dimension of soot particle (Df), carbon layer spacing (Ds), and carbon layer torsion resistance (Tf), were statistically analyzed. The changes in each characteristic parameter before and after adding insulating cotton were compared. After installing the cotton, soot particles still grew through surface chemical reactions and physical processes in the diesel exhaust pipe, the agglomeration becomes more and more prevalent, the particle size increased, and Df increased. The increase in the airflow temperature in the exhaust pipe promoted the surface growth of primary soot particles and enhanced the turbulence, which made the chain-like soot particles more likely to reunite under the action of turbulent eddies. Consequently, Rg decreased and Df increased. Furthermore, the average Ds and Tf of primary soot particles deceased, especially under high loads. This indicated that the increase in the temperature of the exhaust pipe was conducive to the graphitization of primary soot particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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19 pages, 6099 KiB  
Article
Effect of Mixing Section Acoustics on Combustion Instability in a Swirl-Stabilized Combustor
by Donghyun Hwang, Cheolwoong Kang and Kyubok Ahn
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8492; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228492 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
An experimental study was performed to investigate the characteristics of two different combustion instability modes in a swirl-stabilized combustor. The first is the eigenfrequency corresponding to the half-wave of the combustion chamber section, and the second is the quarter-wave eigenmode of the inlet [...] Read more.
An experimental study was performed to investigate the characteristics of two different combustion instability modes in a swirl-stabilized combustor. The first is the eigenfrequency corresponding to the half-wave of the combustion chamber section, and the second is the quarter-wave eigenmode of the inlet mixing section. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of the swirl number on each combustion instability mode and analyze their generalized characteristics. Premixed gases composed of hydrocarbon fuels (C2H4 and CH4) and air were burned by independently varying the experimental conditions. Three dynamic pressure transducers and a photomultiplier tube were installed to detect pressure oscillations and heat release fluctuations in the inlet and combustion chamber sections, respectively. A high-speed camera was used to capture the instantaneous flame structures. In the swirl-stabilized combustor, the bands of the dominant frequencies were strongly dependent on the swirl number of the swirler vane. When the swirl number was low, the entire combustion system was often coupled with the quarter-wave eigenmode of the inlet mixing section. However, as the swirl number increased, the combustion instability mode was almost independent of the mixing section acoustics. Analysis of the phase difference and flame structure clearly demonstrated the differences between each eigenmode. The results provide new insights into the effect of the resonance mode in the inlet mixing section on combustion instability, depending on the swirl number in the swirl-stabilized combustor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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18 pages, 4378 KiB  
Article
Numerical Comparative Study of Fuel Cavitation in Microchannels under Different Turbulence Models
by Ziming Li, Zhenming Liu, Ping Chen, Jingbin Liu and Jiechang Wu
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8265; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218265 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1673
Abstract
The fuel injector is a critical component of the internal combustion engine. The diameters of the injector nozzle and the control chamber’s oil inlet and outlet are generally between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, which are typical microchannel structures. During high-pressure injection, the cavitation [...] Read more.
The fuel injector is a critical component of the internal combustion engine. The diameters of the injector nozzle and the control chamber’s oil inlet and outlet are generally between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, which are typical microchannel structures. During high-pressure injection, the cavitation phenomenon in the channel seriously affects the reliability of the internal combustion engine. The choice of turbulence and cavitation models is the key to investigate the cavitation in the microchannel by using numerical methods. Based on the Winklhofer microchannel fuel experiment, five representative turbulence models were used to construct a microchannel model, and the results were compared and analyzed with the experiment. The results show that the pressure gradient values obtained from the combination of RNG k-ε and ZGB models were similar to the experimental data, with an error of less than 6%. The cavitation distribution calculated from the combination of LES and ZGB models was most consistent with the experimental observation data. The outlet mass flow rate obtained from the LES and ZGB models matched the trend of the experimental data in the pressure difference range of 19 bar to 85 bar, with an error of less than 2%. For the cross-sectional flow rate calculation, the RNG k-ε and ZGB models had the smallest calculation errors, with errors below 11%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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16 pages, 3892 KiB  
Article
Study on Dynamic Injection Prediction Model of High-Pressure Common Rail Injector under Thermal Effect
by Zhenming Liu, Ziming Li, Jiechang Wu, Jingbin Liu and Ping Chen
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5067; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145067 - 11 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1777
Abstract
This study investigates a prediction model for the cycle injection quantity in a high-pressure common rail injector under a transient thermal boundary. The results show that the transient temperature increase curve calculated by the mathematical model of the common rail injector under adiabatic [...] Read more.
This study investigates a prediction model for the cycle injection quantity in a high-pressure common rail injector under a transient thermal boundary. The results show that the transient temperature increase curve calculated by the mathematical model of the common rail injector under adiabatic flow is significantly different from the experimental data. A non-isothermal model of the injector coupled with heat transfer is established, which considers the actual heat transfer phenomenon. The excellent agreement between the new calculation results and the experimental data confirms that the fuel injection process of a common rail injector comprises the coupled phenomena of fuel heating and heat transfer. Based on the established simulation model, it is found that in the continuous injection process of the injector, owing to the thermal effect of injection, the cycle injection quantity decreases gradually with an increase in the injector working time and then stabilizes. Under the condition of an injection pulse width of 1.2 ms and frequency of 100 Hz, when the injection pressure increases from 140 MPa to 300 MPa, the reduction in the cycle injection quantity increases from 3.9% to 7.8%, because the higher injection pressure results in higher transient heat at the nozzle holes. In the work of common rail injector assemblies, to achieve more accurate control of the cycle injection quantity, it is necessary to include the correction of a decreasing cycle injection quantity caused by transient heat in the electronic control system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Emission Combustion Techniques: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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