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Energies
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Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies
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Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2023) | Viewed by 16617

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Wenxiao Chu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: energy systems; enhanced heat transfer; thermal management; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC); supercritical fluid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lizhong Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Surbana Jurong-NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, Singapore
Interests: cold thermal energy storage (CTES); cold CO2 capture technologies; liquid air energy storage (LAES); geothermal energy systems; innovative data center cooling technologies; LNG storage and cold energy recovery; H2 carrier reactor and energy system design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Qiuwang Wang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: heat transfer enhancement and its applications to engineering problems; high-temperature heat transfer and fluid flow; transport phenomena in porous media; numerical simulation, prediction, and optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In modern society, industrial development and social progress cannot be separated from the advances in highly integrated equipment, such as printed circuits, 3D printers, turbines, data centers, etc. With the development of device miniaturization and function refinement, equipment and devices can always operate at a high-power density accompanied by a high heat flux, characteristics which may threaten their service efficiency and lifetime. On the other hand, operating conditions, such as high-temperature, high-pressure and compart environments, become more severe. The overheating concern is regarded as the predominant reason for equipment failure, which accounts for nearly a 55% proportion of the system suspension. In this regard, effective thermal management and cooling technologies are crucial for the operation of components in high-accuracy and high-reliability states.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances in a wide range of fields related to the theory, mechanisms, design, modelling, application and control of thermal management and cooling technologies.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Effective thermal management and cooling technologies for batteries, 3D printers, IGBT, LEDs, motors, fiber optics, etc.;
  • High-efficiency thermal protection;
  • Passive cooling strategies;
  • Active cooling strategies;
  • Phase-change cooling;
  • Energy saving in buildings and HVAC systems;
  • Thermal management of nuclear energy;
  • Heat and mass transfer enhancement;
  • CFD simulation and prediction;
  • Artificial intelligence application.

Prof. Dr. Wenxiao Chu
Dr. Lizhong Yang
Prof. Dr. Qiuwang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal management
  • cooling techniques
  • heat and mass transfer
  • thermal and flow dynamics
  • CFD modelling
  • AI control

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 8076 KiB  
Article
Wearable Bio-Inspired Pulsating-Flow Cooling for Live Garments Based on a Novel Design of Ferrofluid Micro-Valve
by Jiawei Tang and Patrick Luk
Energies 2022, 15(23), 8826; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238826 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1917
Abstract
Temperature-related frustrations, such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, hypothermia, and frost damage, are some of the most prevalent health risks encountered by humans. The aggravation may be lethal for individuals who reside or work in conditions of protracted and high temperature. Temperature-control technologies, [...] Read more.
Temperature-related frustrations, such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, hypothermia, and frost damage, are some of the most prevalent health risks encountered by humans. The aggravation may be lethal for individuals who reside or work in conditions of protracted and high temperature. Temperature-control technologies, such as underfloor heating and air conditioners, have been studied and applied to give individuals with a pleasant and, more crucially, an endurable temperature. However, it may be challenging to install these technologies in an exterior or enclosed space. In addition, they are inflexible for individual requirements, such as mobility and personal-temperature management. A wearable bio-inspired pulsing-flow (discontinuous) cooling system, which can significantly enhance cooling performance, is proposed in this work. The proposed system is implemented with valves to generate pulsating flows. Given that traditional mechanical-valve actuation systems continue to face limits in terms of switching frequency, interface wear loss, and size limitations for wearable-garment applications, a ferrofluid-based shape-controllable micro-valve is proposed to reduce the size and weight of the cooling system. An empirical approach is adopted to avoid the extensive computational simulation of the thermo fluidic dynamics involved, so that efforts can be focused on the design of an innovative scaled prototype built from ferrofluid valves positioned in a specific array of the cooling tubes. This allows the performance of continuous and pulsating cooling-flow systems to be compared on the same flow rate baseline. The results demonstrate that the proposed technology not only delivers superior cooling efficiency, but also has the potential to provide individualized temperature regulation in a “live” garment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies)
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19 pages, 17769 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Power and Thermal Management System of Hypersonic Vehicle with Finite Heat Sink of Fuel
by Liang Guo, Liping Pang, Jingquan Zhao and Xiaodong Yang
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5332; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155332 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
The scramjet of hypersonic vehicles faces severe high-temperature challenges, but the heat sink available for scramjet cooling is extremely finite. It is necessary to optimize its power and thermal management system (PTMS) with a finite heat sink of hydrocarbon fuel. This paper proposes [...] Read more.
The scramjet of hypersonic vehicles faces severe high-temperature challenges, but the heat sink available for scramjet cooling is extremely finite. It is necessary to optimize its power and thermal management system (PTMS) with a finite heat sink of hydrocarbon fuel. This paper proposes a two-level optimization method for the PTMS of hypersonic vehicles at Mach 6. The PTMS is based on a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) closed Brayton cycle, and its heat sink is airborne hydrocarbon fuel. System-level optimization aims to obtain the optimal system parameters for the PTMS. The minimum fuel weight penalty and the minimum heat sink consumption of fuel are the optimization objectives. The segmental (SEG) method is used to analyze the internal temperature distribution of fuel–SCO2 heat exchangers in the system-level optimal solution set. This ensures the selected optimal solutions meet the requirement of a pinch temperature difference greater than or equal to 10 °C. Further, the component-level optimization for the fuel–SCO2 heat exchanger is carried out based on the selected optimal solutions. The lightest weight of the heat exchanger and the minimum entropy production are the optimization objectives in this step. Finally, the optimal system parameters and the optimal key component parameters can be searched using this presented two-level optimization method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies)
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14 pages, 3437 KiB  
Article
Modeling of an Elastocaloric Cooling System for Determining Efficiency
by Nora Bachmann, Daniel Schwarz, David Bach, Olaf Schäfer-Welsen, Thomas Koch and Kilian Bartholomé
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5089; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145089 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3832
Abstract
When it comes to covering the growing demand for cooling power worldwide, elastocalorics offer an environmentally friendly alternative to compressor-based cooling technology. The absence of harmful and flammable coolants makes elastocalorics suitable for energy applications such as battery cooling. Initial prototypes of elastocaloric [...] Read more.
When it comes to covering the growing demand for cooling power worldwide, elastocalorics offer an environmentally friendly alternative to compressor-based cooling technology. The absence of harmful and flammable coolants makes elastocalorics suitable for energy applications such as battery cooling. Initial prototypes of elastocaloric systems, which transport heat by means of thermal conduction or convection, have already been developed. A particularly promising solution is the active elastocaloric heat pipe (AEH), which works with latent heat transfer by the evaporation and condensation of a fluid. This enables a fast and efficient heat transfer in a compression-based elastocaloric cooling system. In this publication, we present a simulation model of the AEH based on MATLAB-Simulink. The model showed very good agreement with the experimental data pertaining to the maximum temperature span and maximum cooling power. Hereby, non-measurable variables such as efficiency and heat fluxes in the cooling system are accessible, which allows the analysis of individual losses including the dissipation effects of the material, non-ideal isolation, losses in heat transfer from the elastocaloric material to the fluid, and other parasitic heat flux losses. In total, it can be shown that using this AEH-approach, an optimized system can achieve up to 67% of the material efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies)
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8 pages, 2188 KiB  
Article
Mesoporous VCN Nanobelts for High-Performance Flexible Zn-Ion Batteries
by Zeyan Zhou, Taotao Zeng, Haoran Zhang and Ding Chen
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4932; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134932 - 5 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1945
Abstract
Vanadium nitride (VN) with a wide working window has been identified as a promising electrode material candidate for batteries due to the high specific capacitance and the excellent electrical conductivity. Here, we have successfully prepared VCN nanobelts, which display mesoporous structure with high [...] Read more.
Vanadium nitride (VN) with a wide working window has been identified as a promising electrode material candidate for batteries due to the high specific capacitance and the excellent electrical conductivity. Here, we have successfully prepared VCN nanobelts, which display mesoporous structure with high specific surface area (54.4 m2 g−1) and the total pore volume was 0.266 cm3 g−1. Furthermore, the prepared flexible Zn-ion battery (FZIB) with VCN-5 not only exhibited high specific capacitance (81 μAh cm−2), excellent rate capability, and long cyclic durability (77% after 1000 cycles at 0.6 mA cm−2) but also had the characteristics of flexibility. This FZIB is important to reduce the difficulty in thermal management and can be used in a series of applications, including wearable electric devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies)
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Review

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39 pages, 7881 KiB  
Review
Thermal Management Technologies Used for High Heat Flux Automobiles and Aircraft: A Review
by Yi-Gao Lv, Gao-Peng Zhang, Qiu-Wang Wang and Wen-Xiao Chu
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8316; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218316 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5210
Abstract
In recent years, global automotive industries are going through a significant revolution from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) for CO2 emission reduction. Very similarly, the aviation industry is developing towards more electric aircraft (MEA) in response to [...] Read more.
In recent years, global automotive industries are going through a significant revolution from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) for CO2 emission reduction. Very similarly, the aviation industry is developing towards more electric aircraft (MEA) in response to the reduction in global CO2 emission. To promote this technology revolution and performance advancement, plenty of electronic devices with high heat flux are implemented on board automobiles and aircraft. To cope with the thermal challenges of electronics, in addition to developing wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors with satisfactory electric and thermal performance, providing proper thermal management solutions may be a much more cost-effective way at present. This paper provides an overview of the thermal management technologies for electronics used in automobiles and aircraft. Meanwhile, the active methods include forced air cooling, indirect contact cold plate cooling, direct contact baseplate cooling, jet impingement, spray cooling, and so on. The passive methods include the use of various heat pipes and PCMs. The features, thermal performance, and development tendency of these active and passive thermal management technologies are reviewed in detail. Moreover, the environmental influences introduced by vibrations, shock, acceleration, and so on, on the thermal performance and reliability of the TMS are specially emphasized and discussed in detail, which are usually neglected in normal operating conditions. Eventually, the possible future directions are discussed, aiming to serve as a reference guide for engineers and promote the advancement of the next-generation electronics TMS in automobile and aircraft applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thermal Management and Cooling Technologies)
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