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Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 25523

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Cheng Cao

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: CCUS; working fluids in oil and gas wells; drilling engineering; THMC simulation; natural gas storage

Prof. Dr. Michael Zhengmeng Hou

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Guest Editor

Rock Mechanics, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Interests: rock mechanics; CCUS; underground storage of energy; unconventional gas; hydraulic fracturing; THMC-coupled simulation; subsurface energy systems; deep geothermal systems; petroleum engineering
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Prof. Dr. Liehui Zhang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: petroleum engineering; numerical simulation; reservoir engineering; CCUS

Dr. Yulong Zhao

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: unconventional gas development; reservoir, numerical simulation; well testing; CCUS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Hejuan Liu

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
Interests: CCUS; THMC simulation; geothermal production; energy storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is regarded as a vital and potentially effective technology to mitigate the anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. The captured CO₂ can be transformed into chemical products and can be used to enhance oil and gas recovery. CO₂ can also be directly sequestrated in underground reservoirs such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. However, the application of most CCUS technologies is still in the early stage. There is an urgent need for research and development to deliver advanced and cost-effective CCUS technologies for the capture, transportation, utilization, and storage of CO₂.

This Special Issue will highlight the current status of CCUS technology options and the frontiers in technological developments, as well as the future opportunities. It will be of great value to engineers, scientists, decision makers, and the public. It will help to accelerate advanced research and development on CCUS technologies. We invite researchers to submit their high-quality reviews or original research articles that discuss fundamentals, strategies, laboratory, modeling, and field studies on CCUS.

Suitable topics include but are not limited to the following:

CO₂ capture.
CO₂ separation.
CO₂ conversion.
CO₂ utilization.
CO₂ storage.
CCUS risk assessment.
CCUS environmental impacts.
Economics of CCUS.
Life-cycle assessment for CCUS.
CCUS policy and regulation.
Public perception and acceptance of CCUS.
Developments in other storage options for CO₂.
Other emerging technologies related to CCUS.

Prof. Dr. Cheng Cao
Prof. Dr. Michael Zhengmeng Hou
Prof. Dr. Liehui Zhang
Prof. Dr. Yulong Zhao
Prof. Dr. Hejuan Liu
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

CO₂
CCUS
CCS
CO₂ capture
CO₂ utilization
CO₂ storage

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 149 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)

by Cheng Cao, Haonan Zhu and Zhengmeng Hou

Energies 2024, 17(19), 4784; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194784 - 25 Sep 2024

Viewed by 890

Abstract

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology is essential for mitigating climate change as it captures CO₂ and either utilizes it for chemical applications or stores it in geological formations [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

Research

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12 pages, 1666 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Techno-Economic Assessment for the Best Flexible Operation of the CO₂ Removal Section by Potassium Taurate Solvent in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

by Stefania Moioli, Elvira Spatolisano and Laura A. Pellegrini

Energies 2024, 17(7), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071736 - 4 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 847

Abstract

Alternative solvents based on aqueous solutions of amino acids have been recently developed as possible substitutes for Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) for CO₂ removal from flue gas streams. The potassium taurate solvent has the advantages of degradation resistance, low toxicity and low energy requirements for its regeneration. With any type of solvent, CO₂ removal applied to a power production plant decreases the revenues obtained from selling electricity because of the energy requirements. Operating the CO₂ removal section in flexible mode avoids significant effects on the profits of the power plant, while accomplishing environmental regulations. This work is the first journal paper focusing on the application in flexible mode of the potassium taurate system for treating a flue gas stream from a 500 MW coal-fired power plant. Techno-economic evaluations are performed to determine the best operating conditions considering the variation in the electricity demand and its price, and different values of carbon tax. In the summer period, with high electricity prices and demands, carbon tax values between 45 EUR/t_CO2 and 60 EUR/t_CO2 favor CO₂ absorption in the flexible mode, without periods of full CO₂ emissions during the day. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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15 pages, 4004 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Emission Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Industrial Parks: A Scenario Analysis Based on the Integration of the LEAP Model with LMDI Decomposition

by Dawei Feng, Wenchao Xu, Xinyu Gao, Yun Yang, Shirui Feng, Xiaohu Yang and Hailong Li

Energies 2023, 16(21), 7356; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217356 - 31 Oct 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1840

Abstract

Global climate change imposes significant challenges on the ecological environment and human sustainability. Industrial parks, in line with the national climate change mitigation strategy, are key targets for low-carbon revolution within the industrial sector. To predict the carbon emission of industrial parks and formulate the strategic path of emission reduction, this paper amalgamates the benefits of the “top-down” and “bottom-up” prediction methodologies, incorporating the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method and long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) model, and integrates the Tapio decoupling theory to predict the carbon emissions of an industrial park cluster of an economic development zone in Yancheng from 2020 to 2035 under baseline (BAS) and low-carbon scenarios (LC1, LC2, and LC3). The findings suggest that, in comparison to the BAS scenario, the carbon emissions in the LC1, LC2, and LC3 scenarios decreased by 30.4%, 38.4%, and 46.2%, respectively, with LC3 being the most suitable pathway for the park’s development. Finally, the paper explores carbon emission sources, and analyzes emission reduction potential and optimization measures of the energy structure, thus providing a reference for the formulation of emission reduction strategies for industrial parks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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17 pages, 6051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Geochemical Reactivity on ScCO₂–Brine–Rock Capillary Displacement: Implications for Carbon Geostorage

by Felipe Cruz, Son Dang, Mark Curtis and Chandra Rai

Energies 2023, 16(21), 7333; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217333 - 29 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2843

Abstract

The displacement efficiency of supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) injection in the storage zone and its primary trapping mechanism in the confining zone are strongly tied to the capillary phenomenon. Previous studies have indicated that the capillary phenomenon can be affected by geochemical reactivity induced by scCO₂ dissolution in formation brine. To quantify such changes, thin disk samples representing a sandstone storage reservoir, siltstone confining zone, and mudstone confining zone were treated under a scCO₂-enriched brine static condition for 21 days at 65 °C and 20.7 MPa. Geochemical alterations were assessed at the surface level using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. Before and after treatment, the wettability of the scCO₂–brine–rock systems was determined using the captive-bubble method at fluid-equilibrated conditions. Pore size distributions of the bulk rocks were obtained with mercury injection capillary pressure, nuclear magnetic resonance, and isothermal nitrogen adsorption. The results indicate the dissolution of calcite at the surface, while other potentially reactive minerals (e.g., clays, feldspars, and dolomite) remain preserved. Despite alteration of the surface mineralogy, the measured contact angles in the scCO₂–brine–rocks systems do not change significantly. Contact angle values of 42 ± 2° for sandstone and 36 ± 2° for clay-rich siltstone/calcite-rich mudstone were determined before and after treatment. The rocks studied here maintained their water-wettability at elevated conditions and after geochemical reactivity. It is also observed that surface alteration by geochemical effects did not impact the pore size distributions or porosities of the thin disk samples after treatment. These results provide insights into understanding the impact of short-term geochemical reactions on the scCO₂–brine capillary displacement in the storage zone and the risks associated with scCO₂ breakthrough in confining zones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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12 pages, 3075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of PPD and Mass Scaling Parameter on the Goodness of Fit of Dry Ice Compaction Curve Obtained in Numerical Simulations Utilizing Smoothed Particle Method (SPH) for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Dry Ice Compaction Process

by Jan Górecki, Maciej Berdychowski, Elżbieta Gawrońska and Krzysztof Wałęsa

Energies 2023, 16(20), 7194; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207194 - 22 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1073

Abstract

The urgent need to reduce industrial electricity consumption due to diminishing fossil fuels and environmental concerns drives the pursuit of energy-efficient production processes. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the Smoothed Particle Method (SPH) for simulating dry ice compaction, an intricate process poorly addressed by conventional methods. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and SPH have been dealt with by researchers, yet a gap persists regarding SPH mesh parameters’ influence on the empirical curve fit. This research systematically explores Particle Packing Density (PPD) and Mass Scaling (MS) effects on the agreement between simulation and experimental outputs. The Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) method was used for this assessment. By comparing the obtained FEM and SPH results under diverse PPD and MS settings, this study sheds light on the SPH method’s potential in optimizing the dry ice compaction process’s efficiency. The SSE based analyses showed that the goodness of fit did not vary considerably for PDD values of 4 and up. In the case of MS, a better fit was obtained for its lower values. In turn, for the ultimate compression force F_C, an empirical curve fit was obtained for PDD values of 4 and up. That said, the value of MS had no significant bearing on the ultimate compression force F_C. The insights gleaned from this research can largely improve the existing sustainability practices and process design in various energy-conscious industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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12 pages, 2921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biomass Based N/O Codoped Porous Carbons with Abundant Ultramicropores for Highly Selective CO₂ Adsorption

by Congxiu Guo, Ya Sun, Hongyan Ren, Bing Wang, Xili Tong, Xuhui Wang, Yu Niu and Jiao Wu

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5222; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135222 - 7 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1133

Abstract

In this work, N/O codoped porous carbons (NOPCs) were derived from corn silk accompanied by Na₂CO₃ activation. The porous structures and surface chemical features of as-prepared carbon materials were tailored by adjusting the Na₂CO₃ mass ratio. After activation, the optimized sample (NOPC1) with abundant ultramicropores and pyrrolic N displays an enhanced CO₂ adsorption capacity of 3.15 mmol g⁻¹ and 1.95 mmol g⁻¹ at 273 K and 298 K at 1 bar, respectively. Moreover, this sample also exhibited high IAST selectivity (16.9) and Henry’s law selectivity (15.6) for CO₂/N₂ at 298 K as well as moderate heat adsorption. Significantly, the joint effect between ultramicropore structure and pyrrolic N content was found to govern the CO₂ adsorption performance of NOPCs samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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15 pages, 1058 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Public Attitudes and Acceptance of CCUS Technologies in JABODETABEK: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Charli Sitinjak, Sitinjak Ebennezer and Józef Ober

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4026; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104026 - 11 May 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2649

Abstract

One of the most essential elements of environmental protection is an appropriate policy towards carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). On the one hand, these technologies are being dynamically developed. Still, on the other hand, we often encounter social resistance to change and new technologies, which is one of the main barriers to their implementation. This research examined public acceptance and awareness of Indonesia’s CCUS technologies. Five hundred respondents completed an online survey representing Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, and Tangerang. The study found that the respondents had more favourable feelings towards carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) than CO₂ capture and storage (CCS), perceiving CCU as more innovative, necessary, cost-effective, secure, environmentally friendly, and beneficial to regional and national economies than CCS. However, in Indonesia, most respondents did not embrace the development of CCUS technology due to a lack of knowledge and fear, which can lead to violence. The results indicate that an individual’s awareness of perceived risks and the ability to safeguard the environment are crucial to their acceptance of CCUS technology. These findings contribute to understanding the public perception of CCUS technologies in Indonesia and can help to develop effective communication strategies to improve public understanding and acceptance of CCUS initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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24 pages, 12161 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Hydromechanical Impacts of CO₂ Storage in Coal Seams of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)

by Maria Wetzel, Christopher Otto, Min Chen, Shakil Masum, Hywel Thomas, Tomasz Urych, Bartłomiej Bezak and Thomas Kempka

Energies 2023, 16(7), 3279; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073279 - 6 Apr 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2210

Abstract

Deep un-mineable coal deposits are viable reservoirs for permanent and safe storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) due to their ability to adsorb large amounts of CO₂ in the microporous coal structure. A reduced amount of CO₂ released into the atmosphere contributes in turn to the mitigation of climate change. However, there are a number of geomechanical risks associated with the commercial-scale storage of CO₂, such as potential fault or fracture reactivation, microseismic events, cap rock integrity or ground surface uplift. The present study assesses potential site-specific hydromechanical impacts for a coal deposit of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin by means of numerical simulations. For that purpose, a near-field model is developed to simulate the injection and migration of CO₂, as well as the coal-CO₂ interactions in the vicinity of horizontal wells along with the corresponding changes in permeability and stresses. The resulting effective stress changes are then integrated as boundary condition into a far-field numerical model to study the geomechanical response at site-scale. An extensive scenario analysis is carried out, consisting of 52 simulation runs, whereby the impacts of injection pressures, well arrangement within two target coal seams as well as the effect of different geological uncertainties (e.g., regional stress regime and rock properties) is examined for operational and post-operational scenarios. The injection-induced vertical displacements amount in maximum to 3.59 cm and 1.07 cm directly above the coal seam and at the ground surface, respectively. The results further demonstrate that neither fault slip nor dilation, as a potential consequence of slip, are to be expected during the investigated scenarios. Nevertheless, even if fault integrity is not compromised, dilation tendencies indicate that faults may be hydraulically conductive and could represent local pathways for upward fluid migration. Therefore, the site-specific stress regime has to be determined as accurately as possible by in-situ stress measurements, and also fault properties need to be accounted for an extensive risk assessment. The present study obtained a quantitative understanding of the geomechanical processes taking place at the operational and post-operational states, supporting the assessment and mitigation of environmental risks associated with CO

_{2}

storage in coal seams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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14 pages, 3359 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution of CCUS Technologies Using LDA Topic Model and Derwent Patent Data

by Liangchao Huang, Zhengmeng Hou, Yanli Fang, Jianhua Liu and Tianle Shi

Energies 2023, 16(6), 2556; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062556 - 8 Mar 2023

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3594

Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is considered an effective way to reduce greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is significant for achieving carbon neutrality. Based on Derwent patent data, this paper explored the technology topics in CCUS patents by using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model to analyze technology’s hot topics and content evolution. Furthermore, the logistic model was used to fit the patent volume of the key CCUS technologies and predict the maturity and development trends of the key CCUS technologies to provide a reference for the future development of CCUS technology. We found that CCUS technology patents are gradually transforming to the application level, with increases in emerging fields, such as computer science. The main R&D institutes in the United States, Europe, Japan, Korea, and other countries are enterprises, while in China they are universities and research institutes. Hydride production, biological carbon sequestration, dynamic monitoring, geological utilization, geological storage, and CO₂ mineralization are the six key technologies of CCUS. In addition, technologies such as hydride production, biological carbon sequestration, and dynamic monitoring have good development prospects, such as CCUS being coupled with hydrogen production to regenerate synthetic methane and CCUS being coupled with biomass to build a dynamic monitoring and safety system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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24 pages, 1006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toward a Carbon-Neutral State: A Carbon–Energy–Water Nexus Perspective of China’s Coal Power Industry

by Yachen Xie, Jiaguo Qi, Rui Zhang, Xiaomiao Jiao, Gabriela Shirkey and Shihua Ren

Energies 2022, 15(12), 4466; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124466 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3375

Abstract

Carbon neutrality is one of the most important goals for the Chinese government to mitigate climate change. Coal has long been China’s dominant energy source and accounts for more than 70–80% of its carbon emissions. Reducing the share of coal power supply and increasing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in coal power plants are the two primary efforts to reduce carbon emissions in China. However, even as energy and water consumed in CCUS are offset by reduced energy consumption from green energy transitions, there may be tradeoffs from the carbon–energy–water (CEW) nexus perspective. This paper developed a metric and tool known as the “Assessment Tool for Portfolios of Coal power production under Carbon neutral goals” (ATPCC) to evaluate the tradeoffs in China’s coal power industry from both the CEW nexus and financial profits perspectives. While most CEW nexus frameworks and practical tools focus on the CEW nexus perturbation from either an external factor or one sector from CEW, ATPCC considers the coupling effect from C(Carbon) and E(Energy) in the CEW nexus when integrating two main carbon mitigation policies. ATPCC also provides an essential systematic life cycle CEW nexus assessment tool for China’s coal power industry under carbon-neutral constraints. By applying ATPCC across different Chinese coal industry development portfolios, we illustrated potential strategies to reach a zero-emission electricity industry fueled by coal. When considering the sustainability of China’s coal industry in the future, we further demonstrate that reduced water and energy consumption results from the energy transition are not enough to offset the extra water and energy consumption in the rapid adoption of CCUS efforts. However, we acknowledge that the increased energy and water consumption is not a direct correlation to CCUS application growth nor a direct negative correlation to carbon emissions. The dual effort to implement CCUS and reduce electricity generation from coal needs a thorough understanding and concise strategy. We found that economic loss resulting from coal reduction can be compensated by the carbon market. Carbon trading has the potential to be the dominant profit-making source for China’s coal power industry. Additionally, the financial profits in China’s coal power industry are not negatively correlated to carbon emissions. Balance between the carbon market and the coal industry would lead to more economic revenues. The scenario with the most rapid reduction in coal power production combined with CCUS would be more sustainable from the CEW nexus perspective. However, when economic revenues are considered, the scenario with a moderately paced energy transition and CCUS effort would be more sustainable. Nevertheless, the ATPCC allows one to customize coal production scenarios according to the desired electricity production and emission reduction, thus making it appropriate not only for use in China but also in other coal-powered regions that face high-energy demands and carbon neutrality goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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14 pages, 1628 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Carbon Circular Utilization and Partially Geological Sequestration: Potentialities, Challenges, and Trends

by Zhengmeng Hou, Jiashun Luo, Yachen Xie, Lin Wu, Liangchao Huang and Ying Xiong

Energies 2023, 16(1), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010324 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2846

Abstract

Enhancing carbon emission mitigation and carbon utilization have become necessary for the world to respond to climate change caused by the increase of greenhouse gas concentrations. As a result, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have attracted considerable attention worldwide, especially in China, which plans to achieve a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. This paper proposed six priorities for China, the current world’s largest carbon emitter, to achieve its dual carbon strategy in the green energy transition process. We analyzed and summarized the challenges and potentialities of conventional carbon utilization (CU), carbon capture utilization (CCU), and CCUS. Based on the current development trend, carbon dioxide capture, circular utilization, and storage (CCCUS) technology that integrates carbon circular utilization and partial sequestration, with large-scale underground energy storage were proposed, namely biomethanation. Technically and economically, biomethanation was believed to have an essential contribution to China’s renewable energy utilization and storage, as well as the carbon circular economy. The preliminary investigation reveals significant potential, with a corresponding carbon storage capacity of 5.94 × 10⁸ t~7.98 × 10⁸ t and energy storage of 3.29 × 10¹² kWh~4.42 × 10¹² kWh. Therefore, we believe that in addition to vigorously developing classical CCUS technology, technical research and pilot projects of CCCUS technology that combined large-scale underground energy storage also need to be carried out to complete the technical reserve and the dual-carbon target. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS))

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