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Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 34154

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Prof. Dr. Tian-Hua Liu

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: fault-tolerant drive system; sensorless drive system; permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system; advanced controller design; DSP-based drive system
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions for a Special Issue of the journal Energies on the topic of Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives.

Electrical motor drives are widely used in the industry, automation, transportation, and home appliances. Indeed, rolling mills, machine tools, high-speed trains, subway systems, elevators, electric vehicles, air conditioners, all depend on electrical motor drives.

However, the production of effective and practical motors and drives requires flexibility in the regulation of current, torque, flux, acceleration, position, and speed. Without proper modeling, drive, and control, these motor drive systems cannot function effectively.

To address these issues, we need to focus on the design, modeling, drive, and control of different types of motors, such as induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, brushless DC motors, DC motors, synchronous reluctance motors, switched reluctance motors, flux-switching motors, linear motors, and step motors.

Therefore, relevant research topics in this field of study include modeling electrical motor drives, both in transient and in steady-state, and designing control methods based on novel control strategies (e.g., PI controllers, fuzzy logic controllers, neural network controllers, predictive controllers, adaptive controllers, nonlinear controllers, etc.), with particular attention to transient responses, load disturbances, fault tolerance, and multi-motor drive techniques.

This Special Issue encourages and invites original contributions regarding recent developments and ideas in motor design, motor drive, and motor control. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: motor design, field-oriented control, torque control, reliability improvement, advanced controllers for motor drive systems, DSP-based sensorless motor drive systems, high-performance motor drive systems, high-efficiency motor drive systems, and practical applications of motor drive systems.

We look forward to your submissions.

Prof. Dr. Tian-Hua Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

induction motor and drive
permanent magnet motor and drive
DC motor and drive
brushless DC motor and drive
synchronous reluctance motor and drive
switched reluctance motor and drive
switching flux motor and drive
linear motor and control
step motor and control
fault-tolerant drive
DSP-based motor drive
High-efficiency motor and drive
sensorless drive system

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 162 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives

by Tian-Hua Liu

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7717; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227717 - 18 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1650

Abstract

This Special Issue contains the successful invited submissions [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

27 pages, 15451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inverse Optimal Control in State Derivative Space System with Applications in Motor Control

by Feng-Chi Lee, Yuan-Wei Tseng, Rong-Ching Wu, Wen-Chuan Chen and Chin-Sheng Chen

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1775; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061775 - 23 Mar 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2178

Abstract

This paper mathematically explains how state derivative space (SDS) system form with state derivative related feedback can supplement standard state space system with state related feedback in control designs. Practically, inverse optimal control is attractive because it can construct a stable closed-loop system while optimal control may not have exact solution. Unlike the previous algorithms which mainly applied state feedback, in this paper inverse optimal control are carried out utilizing state derivative alone in SDS system. The effectiveness of proposed algorithms are verified by design examples of DC motor tracking control without tachometer and very challenging control problem of singular system with impulse mode. Feedback of direct measurement of state derivatives without integrations can simplify implementation and reduce cost. In addition, the proposed design methods in SDS system with state derivative feedback are analogous to those in state space system with state feedback. Furthermore, with state derivative feedback control in SDS system, wider range of problems such as singular system control can be handled effectively. These are main advantages of carrying out control designs in SDS system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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17 pages, 4467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Three-Phase Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Strategy to Suppress Harmonic Current

by Wei-Tse Kao, Jonq-Chin Hwang and Jia-En Liu

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1583; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061583 - 12 Mar 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2569

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive system with improvement in current harmonics. Considering the harmonic components in the induced electromotive force of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor, the offline response of the induced electromotive force (EMF) was measured for fast Fourier analysis, the main harmonic components were obtained, and the voltage required to reduce the current harmonic components in the corresponding direct (d-axis) and quadrature (q-axis) axes was calculated. In the closed-loop control of the direct axis and quadrature axis current in the rotor reference frame, the compensation amount of the induced EMF with harmonic components was added. Compared with the online adjustment of current harmonic injection, this simplifies the control strategy. The drive system used a 32-bit digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F28069 as the control core, the control strategies were implemented in software, and a resolver with a resolver-to-digital converter (RDC) was used for the feedback of angular position and speed. The actual measurement results of the current harmonic improvement control show that the total harmonic distortion of the three-phase current was reduced from 5.30% to 2.31%, and the electromagnetic torque ripple was reduced from 15.28% to 5.98%. The actual measurement results verify the feasibility of this method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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23 pages, 13171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation of an FPGA-Based Current Control and SVPWM ASIC with Asymmetric Five-Segment Switching Scheme for AC Motor Drives

by Ming-Fa Tsai, Chung-Shi Tseng and Po-Jen Cheng

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1462; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051462 - 7 Mar 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4476

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a discrete-time current control and space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) with asymmetric five-segment switching scheme for AC motor drives. As compared to a conventional three-phase symmetric seven-segment switching SVPWM scheme, the proposed method involves five-segment two-phase switching in each switching period, so the inverter switching times and power loss can be reduced by 33%. In addition, the produced PWM signal is asymmetric with respect to the center-symmetric triangular carrier wave, and the voltage command signal from the discrete-time current control output can be given in each half period of the PWM switching time interval, hence increasing the system bandwidth and allowing the motor drive system with better dynamic response. For the verification of the proposed SVPWM modulation scheme, the current control function in the stationary reference frame is also included in the design of the ASIC. The design is firstly verified by using PSIM simulation tool. Then, a DE0-nano field programmable gate array (FPGA) control board is employed to drive a 300W permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for the experimental verification of the ASIC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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15 pages, 1606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Comparison of Preferential vs. Common Delta Connections for the Star-Delta Starting of Induction Motors

by José Augusto Itajiba, Cézar Armando Cunha Varnier, Sergio Henrique Lopes Cabral, Stéfano Frizzo Stefenon, Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt, Raúl García Ovejero, Ademir Nied and Kin-Choong Yow

Energies 2021, 14(5), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051318 - 1 Mar 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3892

Abstract

Although this is a fact that is not very explored in the literature, there are two possible forms to connect the stator winding of an induction motor in the delta. The choice for one of these forms defines the amplitude of the stator transient current during the switching from star to delta connection when the motor is driven by a star-delta starting system, which is the most widely used and diffused method for starting an induction motor. One of the possible forms of the delta connection gives rise to a switching current with a relatively small amplitude, which gives it the denomination of preferential. The other form has a relatively higher amplitude of switching current, but it is the most recommended and indicated in diagrams of catalogues and motor plates. Therefore, it is here called “common”. With the aim of evidencing how the differences between these two forms of delta connection are manifested, this paper approaches the issue experimentally, through a methodology with statistical support, for a better characterization of the performance of each of these forms of delta connection, in the case of the widely popular star-delta starting method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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25 pages, 6488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Three-Level Neutral-Point Clamped Inverters in Motor Drives

by Kuei-Hsiang Chao and Chen-Hou Ke

Energies 2020, 13(23), 6302; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236302 - 29 Nov 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2365

Abstract

This paper presents an extension theory-based assessment method to perform fault diagnosis for inverters in motor driving systems. First, a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter is created using the PSIM software package to simulate faults for any power transistor in the NPC-type inverter. Fast Fourier transformation is used to transform the line current signals in the time domain into a spectrum in the frequency domain for analysis of the corresponding spectrum of features of the inverter for faults with different power transistors. Then, the relationships between fault types and specific spectra are established as characteristics for the extension assessment method, which is then used to create a smart fault diagnosis system for inverters. Fault-tolerant control (FTC) is used here when the rated output of a faulty inverter is decreased in order to maintain balanced output in three phases by changing the framework of the transistor connection. This is performed to reinforce the reliability of the inverter. Finally, by the simulation and experimental results, the feasibility of the proposed smart fault diagnosis system is confirmed. The proposed fault diagnosis method is advantageous due to its minimal use of data and lack of a learning process, which thereby reduces the fault diagnosis time and makes the method easily used in practice. The proposed fault-tolerant control strategy allows both online and smooth switching in the wiring structure of the inverter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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16 pages, 6612 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combined Optimal Torque Feedforward and Modal Current Feedback Control for Low Inductance PM Motors

by Roland Kasper and Dmytro Golovakha

Energies 2020, 13(23), 6184; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236184 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2475

Abstract

Small sized electric motors providing high specific torque and power are required for many mobile applications. Air gap windings technology allows to create innovative lightweight and high-power electric motors that show low phase inductances. Low inductance leads to a small motor time constant, which enables fast current and torque control, but requires a high switching frequency and short sampling time to keep current ripples and losses in an acceptable range. This paper proposes an optimal torque feedforward control method, minimizing either torque ripples or motor losses, combined with a very robust and computation-efficient modal current feedback control. Compared to well-known control methods based on the Clarke-Park Transformations, the proposed strategy reduces torque ripples and motor losses significantly and offers a very fast implementation on standard microcontrollers with high robustness, e.g., against measurement errors of rotor angle. To verify the accuracy of the proposed control method, an experimental setup was used including a wheel hub motor built with a slotless air gap winding of low inductance, a standard microcontroller and GaN (Gallium Nitride) Power Devices allowing for high PWM switching frequencies. The proposed control method was validated first by correlation of simulation and experimental results and second by comparison to conventional field-oriented control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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16 pages, 4037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Considering Rotor Radial Force and Motor Losses

by Nai-Wen Liu, Kuo-Yuan Hung, Shih-Chin Yang, Feng-Chi Lee and Chia-Jung Liu

Energies 2020, 13(22), 5872; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225872 - 10 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3373

Abstract

Different from the design of conventional permanent magnet (PM) motors, high-speed motors are primarily limited by rotor unbalanced radial forces, rotor power losses, and rotor mechanical strength. This paper aimed to propose a suitable PM motor with consideration of these design issues. First, the rotor radial force is minimized based on the selection of stator tooth numbers and windings. By designing a stator with even slots, the rotor radial force can be canceled, leading to better rotor strength at high speed. Second, rotor power losses proportional to rotor frequency are increased as motor speed increases. A two-dimensional sensitivity analysis is used to improve these losses. In addition, the rotor sleeve loss can be minimized to less than 8.3% of the total losses using slotless windings. Third, the trapezoidal drive can cause more than a 33% magnet loss due to additional armature flux harmonics. This drive reflected loss is also mitigated with slotless windings. In this paper, six PM motors with different tooth numbers, stator cores, and winding layouts are compared. All the design methods are verified based on nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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33 pages, 15131 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System Using Backstepping Control with Three Adaptive Rules and Revised Recurring Sieved Pollaczek Polynomials Neural Network with Reformed Grey Wolf Optimization and Recouped Controller

by Chih-Hong Lin

Energies 2020, 13(22), 5870; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225870 - 10 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1742

Abstract

Owing to some nonlinear characteristics in the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SM), such as nonlinear friction, cogging torque, wind stray torque, external load torque, and unmodeled systems, fine control performances cannot be accomplished by utilizing the general linear controllers. Thereby, the backstepping approach adopting three adaptive rules and a swapping function is brought forward for controlling the rotor motion in the permanent-magnet SM drive system to reduce nonlinear uncertainties effects. To improve the chattering phenomenon, the backstepping control with three adaptive rules using a revised recurring sieved Pollaczek polynomials neural network (RRSPPNN) with reformed grey wolf optimization (RGWO) and a recouped controller is proposed to estimate the internal collection and external collection torque uncertainties, and to recoup the smallest fabricated error of the appraised rule. In the light of the Lyapunov stability, the on-line parametric training method of the RRSPPNN can be derived through an adaptive rule. Furthermore, to obtain a beneficial learning rate and improve the convergence of the weights, the RGWO algorithm adopting two exponential-functional adjustable factors is applied to adjust the two learning rates of the weights. Then, the efficiency of the used controller is validated by test results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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23 pages, 4941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Wide-Adjustable Sensorless IPMSM Speed Drive Based on Current Deviation Detection under Space-Vector Modulation

by Muhammad Syahril Mubarok, Tian-Hua Liu, Chung-Yuan Tsai and Zuo-Ying Wei

Energies 2020, 13(17), 4431; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174431 - 27 Aug 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1724

Abstract

This paper investigates the implementation of a wide-adjustable sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive based on current deviation detection under space-vector modulation. A hybrid method that includes a zero voltage vector current deviation and an active voltage vector current deviation under space-vector pulse-width modulation is proposed to determine the rotor position. In addition, the linear transition algorithm between the two current deviation methods is investigated to obtain smooth speed responses at various operational ranges, including at a standstill and at different operating speeds, from 0 to 3000 rpm. A predictive speed-loop controller is proposed to improve the transient, load disturbance, and tracking responses for the sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system. The computations of the position estimator and control algorithms are implemented by using a digital signal processor (DSP), TMS-320F-2808. Several experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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30 pages, 6307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Implementation of Position Sensorless Field-Excited Flux-Switching Motor Drive Systems

by Tian-Hua Liu, Muhammad Syahril Mubarok and Yu-Hao Xu

Energies 2020, 13(14), 3672; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143672 - 16 Jul 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2120

Abstract

Field-excited flux-switching motor drive systems have become more and more popular due to their robustness and lack of need for a permanent magnet. Three different types of predictive controllers, including a single-step predictive speed controller, a multi-step predictive speed controller, and a predictive current controller are proposed for sensorless flux-switching motor drive systems in this paper. By using a 1 kHz high-frequency sinusoidal voltage injected into the field winding and by measuring the a-b-c armature currents in the stator, an estimated rotor position that is near

\pm

2 electrical degrees is developed. To improve the dynamic responses of the field-excited flux-switching motor drive system, predictive controllers are employed. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed predictive controllers have better performance than PI controllers, including transient, load disturbance, and tracking responses. In addition, the adjustable speed range of the proposed drive system is from 4 r/min to 1500 r/min. A digital signal processor, TMS-320F-2808, is used as a control center to carry out the rotor position estimation and the predictive control algorithms. Measured results can validate the theoretical analysis to illustrate the practicability and correctness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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18 pages, 8238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation and Implementation of Predictive Speed Controller and Position Observer for Sensorless Synchronous Reluctance Motors

by Tian-Hua Liu, Seerin Ahmad, Muhammad Syahril Mubarok and Jia-You Chen

Energies 2020, 13(11), 2712; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112712 - 28 May 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3523

Abstract

A position observer and a predictive controller for sensorless synchronous-reluctance-motor (SynRM) drive systems are investigated in this paper. The rotor position observer, based on motor parameters, and stator currents and voltages, was designed and implemented to compute the rotor position. A pole-assignment technique was used to provide similar converging rates of the position observer, even when operated at different speeds. Furthermore, a predictive controller was designed to enhance performance. A digital-signal processor (DSP), TMS-320F-28335, was used as a computation tool. Several simulated results are provided and compared with the measured results. The measured results showed that the implemented predictive controller sensorless SynRM drive system could be adjusted from 30 to 1800 rpm with satisfactory performance, including quicker and better tracking responses, and a lower speed drop than that of a proportional-integral (PI) controller. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)

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