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Energies
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Energy Performance of Buildings 2021
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Energy Performance of Buildings 2021

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "G: Energy and Buildings".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2022) | Viewed by 10438

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Targo Kalamees

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Interests: building physics; renovation of buildings; moisture safety; hygrothermal performance of building envelope; indoor climate; energy performance of buildings; resource efficiency; feasibility- and cost-efficiency
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mark Bomberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
Interests: energy efficiency; using thermal mass and integrated control systems; thermal comfort; smart buildings; near zero energy buildings; effective thermal insulation systems; adaptable comfort; indoor environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The long-term renovation strategy supports the change of the national building stock into a highly efficient and decarbonized building stock by 2050 and at a cost-effective transformation of existing buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings. About 70% of the building stock of 2050 already exists today, which means that most of the energy reductions will have to be achieved by deep energy renovation of existing buildings. To increase the renovation rate, we need industrialization and modular renovation. The difference between the predicted and real energy performance can be significant. To overcome these problems, more information, results, and successful case studies targeted to nZEBs renovation are needed.

This Special Issue aims at stimulating the exchange of ideas and knowledge on the deep energy renovation of buildings. To this purpose, original contributions containing theoretical and experimental research, case studies or a comprehensive state-of-the-art discussion are welcome for possible publication. Relevant topics for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Deep energy renovation;
  • nZEB renovation;
  • Minimizing heat loss of the building envelope;
  • Performance and energy efficiency of service systems;
  • Prefabricated renovation solutions;
  • Minimizing the energy performance gap;
  • Cost-optimal measures for renovation.

Prof. Dr. Targo Kalamees
Prof. Dr. Mark Bomberg
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 9553 KiB  
Article
Integration of Heat Pumps in Buildings and District Heating Systems—Evaluation on a Building and Energy System Level
by Fabian Ochs, Mara Magni and Georgios Dermentzis
Energies 2022, 15(11), 3889; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113889 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3033
Abstract
The use of heat pumps in buildings is one of the best and often the only option for the decarbonization of the building stock. District heating seems a promising solution in urban areas and in existing buildings when the use of heat pumps [...] Read more.
The use of heat pumps in buildings is one of the best and often the only option for the decarbonization of the building stock. District heating seems a promising solution in urban areas and in existing buildings when the use of heat pumps is restricted and also technically and economically challenging (source exploitation, space restrictions, sound emissions, etc.). Heat pumps can be integrated in various ways in buildings and district heating systems: large central high-temperature heat pumps in district heating, medium-size heat pumps block- or building-wise or small heat pumps decentral apartment-wise. The best option depends on the individual district heating CO2 emissions and the electricity mix as well as on the perspective of the building owner versus that one of the district heating system and its future development. Austrian examples of district heating systems and different variants of integrating heat pumps are investigated in a comprehensive way by means of an energetic and environmental simulation-based analysis. This assessment includes a detailed investigation of the capabilities of the booster heat pump to increase the PV own-consumption and is also expanded to include various scenarios for the development of the electricity mix and the decarbonisation of district heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance of Buildings 2021)
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22 pages, 6889 KiB  
Article
Take the Right Seat: The Influence of Occupancy Schemes on Performance Indicators of Lighting in Open Plan Offices
by Sascha Hammes, Johannes Weninger, Rainer Pfluger and Wilfried Pohl
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3378; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093378 - 6 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
Work processes and sociological structures can differ significantly between organizations. These organizational aspects determine user behavior, which in turn exerts considerable influence on the key performance indicators of artificial lighting systems. Accordingly, the use of generalized assumptions about user behavior in the building [...] Read more.
Work processes and sociological structures can differ significantly between organizations. These organizational aspects determine user behavior, which in turn exerts considerable influence on the key performance indicators of artificial lighting systems. Accordingly, the use of generalized assumptions about user behavior in the building design phase can lead to large discrepancies between design and operation. In the following work, the possible influences of different occupancy schemes, an essential aspect of user behavior and shaped by the organization, on energy demand and workplace-related daylight dose are evaluated. For this purpose, calculations are made based on real measurement data of an open-plan office with zoned lighting. Multi-level calculation models are used to determine improved user distributions in the room to ensure optimization according to the desired target criteria. The results show that occupancy schemes have a significant impact on energy demand, contributing significantly to overall building performance, but only slightly to workplace-related light exposure rates in terms of total daily light dose. A correlated influence on the target criteria could not be demonstrated, but given the minor influence on daily light dose, the optimization of planning and operation can be focused on energy efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance of Buildings 2021)
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19 pages, 23583 KiB  
Article
Heat Loss Due to Domestic Hot Water Pipes
by Anti Hamburg, Alo Mikola, Tuule-Mall Parts and Targo Kalamees
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6446; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206446 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4010
Abstract
Domestic hot water (DHW) system energy losses are an important part of energy consumption in newly built or in reconstructed apartment buildings. To reach nZEB or low energy building targets (renovation cases) we should take these losses into account during the design phase. [...] Read more.
Domestic hot water (DHW) system energy losses are an important part of energy consumption in newly built or in reconstructed apartment buildings. To reach nZEB or low energy building targets (renovation cases) we should take these losses into account during the design phase. These losses depend on room and water temperature, insulation and length of pipes and water circulation strategy. The target of our study is to develop a method which can be used in the early stages of design in primary energy calculations. We are also interested in how much of these losses cannot be utilised as internal heat gain and how much heat loss depends on the level of energy performance of the building. We used detailed DHW system heat loss measurements and simulations from an nZEB apartment building and annual heat loss data from a total of 22 apartment buildings. Our study showed that EN 15316-3 standard equations for pipe length give more than a twice the pipe length in basements. We recommend that for pipe length calculation in basements, a calculation based on the building’s gross area should be used and for pipe length in vertical shafts, a building’s heating area-based calculation should be used. Our study also showed that up to 33% of pipe heat losses can be utilised as internal heat gain in energy renovated apartment buildings but in unheated basements this figure drops to 30% and in shafts rises to 40% for an average loss (thermal pipe insulation thickness 40 mm) of 10.8 W/m and 5.1 W/m. Unutilised delivered energy loss from DHW systems in smaller apartment buildings can be up to 12.1 kWh/(m2·a) and in bigger apartment buildings not less than 5.5 kWh/(m2·a) (40 mm thermal pipe insulation). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance of Buildings 2021)
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