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Energies
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Experimental and Modeling Study of Waxy Oils
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Experimental and Modeling Study of Waxy Oils

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H1: Petroleum Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 7317

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yingda Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
Interests: production engineering; multiphase flow; flow assurance; paraffin deposition; asphaltene deposition; hydrate; rheology; complex fluids; multiscale modeling; molecular simulation
Dr. Kristofer Paso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Trondheim, Norway
Interests: self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers; biopolymer structure, phase transitions, and rheology; polymeric steric/entropic repulsion in colloidal systems; nanocellulose chemistry, alteration, and performance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wax is a natural constituent of many crude oils and gas condensates. The precipitation of waxy components from crude oils or gas condensates at low temperatures can manifest into various flow assurance issues that impede safe and efficient oil and gas production. Oil and gas companies spend millions preventing and treating wax-related production issues each year, and this number rises even more if the issues occur in deep-water fields. Understanding the behaviors of waxy oils is vital for developing effective prevention and remediation techniques.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research or review articles on experimental and modeling study of waxy oils. Topics of interests include wax deposition mechanisms, the modeling of wax deposition in single and multiphase flows, the rheology of waxy oils, developing and optimizing remediation and prevention techniques, and the restarting of gelled pipes.

Dr. Yingda Lu
Dr. Kristofer Paso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flow assurance
  • wax deposition
  • waxy gels
  • rheology of waxy oils
  • pour point depressants
  • multiphase wax deposition
  • pigging
  • restart of gelled pipes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2908 KiB  
Article
Technology for Preventing the Wax Deposit Formation in Gas-Lift Wells at Offshore Oil and Gas Fields in Vietnam
by Mikhail Konstantinovich Rogachev, Thang Nguyen Van and Aleksandr Nikolaevich Aleksandrov
Energies 2021, 14(16), 5016; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165016 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3856
Abstract
Within the past few decades, the production of high-wax oils at offshore fields in Vietnam has been fraught with severe problems due to the intense formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the downhole oil and gas equipment. The formation of organic wax deposits [...] Read more.
Within the past few decades, the production of high-wax oils at offshore fields in Vietnam has been fraught with severe problems due to the intense formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the downhole oil and gas equipment. The formation of organic wax deposits in the tubing string led to a significant decrease in gas-lift wells production, efficiency of compressor units, transport capacity of the piping systems, along with an increase in equipment failure. Subsequently, the efficiency of gas-lift wells dramatically decreased to less than 40% as a whole. The existing methods and technologies for combating organic wax deposit formation in downhole equipment have many advantages. However, their use in producing high-wax anomalous oil does not entirely prevent the wax formation in the tubing string and leads to a significant reduction in oil production, transport capacity, and treatment intervals. The results of theoretical and experimental studies presented in this article demonstrate that a promising approach to improve the efficiency of gas-lift wells during the production of high-wax oil is to use the technology of periodic injection of hot associated petroleum gas (APG) into the annulus of an oil-producing well. The effectiveness of the proposed method of combating wax formation in gas-lift wells highly depends on the combination of a few factors: the determination of wax deposit formation intensity in the well and the implementation of a set of preparatory measures to determine the optimal injection mode of hot APG (flow rate and injection depth) into the annulus between tubing strings and technological pipes. The injection depth of the hot APG should not be less than the depth of wax formation in the tubing string. The optimal injection rate of hot APG is determined by analyzing and mathematically modeling the APG injection system based on well-known thermodynamic laws. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Modeling Study of Waxy Oils)
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11 pages, 6044 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Alkyl Aliphatic Hydrazine and Application in Crude Oil as Flow Improvers
by Qiang Deng, Michal Slaný, Huani Zhang, Xuefan Gu, Yongfei Li, Weichao Du and Gang Chen
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4703; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154703 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
In this paper, alkyl aliphatic hydrazine, which is different from traditional polymer fluidity improver, was synthesized from aliphatic hydrazine and cetane bromide, and evaluated as a pour point and viscosity-reducer depressant for crude oil. The evaluation results showed that alkyl aliphatic hydrazone fully [...] Read more.
In this paper, alkyl aliphatic hydrazine, which is different from traditional polymer fluidity improver, was synthesized from aliphatic hydrazine and cetane bromide, and evaluated as a pour point and viscosity-reducer depressant for crude oil. The evaluation results showed that alkyl aliphatic hydrazone fully reduced the pour point and viscosity of crude oil with the increase of crude oil fluidity. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Jinghe oilfield was 79.6%, and the pour point was reduced by about 11.3 °C. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Xinjiang Oilfield was 74.7%, and the pour point was reduced by 8.0 °C. The long alkyl chain is beneficial to the eutectic of wax in crude oil, and the polar group inhibits the crystal growth, resulting in the decrease of pour point and viscosity. The waste oil is fully recycled into oilfield chemicals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Modeling Study of Waxy Oils)
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