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Marine Renewable Energy Technology
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Marine Renewable Energy Technology

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 April 2022) | Viewed by 22843

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marco Torresi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
DMMM, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: pumps as turbines; turbomachinery; energy systems; hydrogen; OWC
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the coming years, the decarbonization process will need to be sped up if we want to preserve our planet. To reach this goal, all renewables should be exploited, and particularly the ones at a lower technology readiness level (TRL). Among these, surely marine energy has a great potentiality and could play a significant role in the near future. Although marine energy is largely available, the marine environment remains a hostile place which severely challenges the marine energy conversion devices, particularly under a reliability point of view. In order to reduce the gap with respect to other, more consolidated renewable technologies, such as wind and photovoltaic, more investments on marine energy technologies need to be attracted. However, the only way to involve investors is to show them the maturity of this field and the most recent acquired scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to give a complete and highly qualified survey on the main marine energy technologies, promoting a public understanding of the operational principles of the various systems with a special look at the technical, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects.

Thus, I am pleased to invite all of you to submit manuscripts on innovative technical developments, reviews, case studies, analytical, as well as assessment papers from different disciplines, which are relevant to marine renewable energy technologies.

Prof. Dr. Marco Torresi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Marine renewables
  • Wave energy conversion device
  • Tidal stream devices
  • Marine current devices
  • Salinity/temperature gradients
  • Modelling and simulation
  • Structure design
  • Economic analysis
  • Environmental impact

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1637 KiB  
Article
Effect of Gaskets Geometry on the Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Cell
by Elier Sandoval-Sánchez, Ziomara De la Cruz-Barragán, Margarita Miranda-Hernández and Edgar Mendoza
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3361; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093361 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2265
Abstract
Salinity gradient energy (SGE) allows the difference in salt concentration in two volumes of water to be harnessed and transformed into clean energy. The most advanced SGE technology is reverse electrodialysis (RED) cells. Recent studies have focused on ways to optimize the flow [...] Read more.
Salinity gradient energy (SGE) allows the difference in salt concentration in two volumes of water to be harnessed and transformed into clean energy. The most advanced SGE technology is reverse electrodialysis (RED) cells. Recent studies have focused on ways to optimize the flow distribution in the compartments containing the water, for which it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the solutions, the cell dimensions, the operating conditions, as well as their influence on the hydrodynamics and mass transport in the system. In this study, two spacers with different gasket geometry were designed, fabricated, and compared experimentally through voltage and current measurements. The power output was computed, obtaining a maximum power density of 0.14 W/m2. Results show that the geometry of the cell components directly influences the physicochemical principles governing the RED process and is closely related to the cell output parameters. In turn, it is possible to increase the performance of a RED cell by optimizing the gasket geometry by reducing dead zones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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31 pages, 5311 KiB  
Article
A Compendium of Formulae for Natural Frequencies of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures
by Ramon Varghese, Vikram Pakrashi and Subhamoy Bhattacharya
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2967; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082967 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6001
Abstract
The design of an offshore wind turbine system varies with the turbine capacity, water depth, and environmental loads. The natural frequency of the structure, considering foundation flexibility, forms an important factor in structural design, lifetime performance estimates, and cost estimates. Although nonlinear numerical [...] Read more.
The design of an offshore wind turbine system varies with the turbine capacity, water depth, and environmental loads. The natural frequency of the structure, considering foundation flexibility, forms an important factor in structural design, lifetime performance estimates, and cost estimates. Although nonlinear numerical analysis in the time domain is widely used in the offshore industry for detailed design, it becomes necessary for project planners to estimate the natural frequency at an earlier stage and rapidly within reasonable accuracy. This paper presents a compendium of mathematical expressions to compute the natural frequencies of offshore wind turbine (OWT) structures on various foundation types by assimilating analytical solutions for each type of OWT, obtained by a range of authors over the past decade. The calculations presented can be easily made using spreadsheets. Example calculations are also presented where the compiled solutions are compared against publicly available sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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21 pages, 8612 KiB  
Article
Performance Comparisons of Three-Phase/Four-Wire Model Predictive Control-Based DC/AC Inverters Capable of Asymmetric Operation for Wave Energy Converters
by Chan Roh
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2839; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082839 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
A study on the capacity increase of a power converter according to the increase in the single capacity of wave energy converters and four-leg topology that can supply stable power even under unbalanced load conditions during independent operation is required. Therefore, in this [...] Read more.
A study on the capacity increase of a power converter according to the increase in the single capacity of wave energy converters and four-leg topology that can supply stable power even under unbalanced load conditions during independent operation is required. Therefore, in this paper, the performances of various four-leg inverters, from two-level inverters to three-level inverters, which are used as power converters for wave energy converters, are compared respectively. Since the four-leg converter has an unusual structure, the performance of each four-leg inverter was analyzed by applying the model predictive control that can easily and simply configure the controller. To verify the performance of each four-leg inverter, a comparison was performed under balanced load and unbalanced load conditions. Based on this, a suitable four-leg topology of the power converter for wave energy converters was confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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30 pages, 3807 KiB  
Article
Technology-Agnostic Assessment of Wave Energy System Capabilities
by Pablo Ruiz-Minguela, Jesus M. Blanco, Vincenzo Nava and Henry Jeffrey
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2624; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072624 - 3 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2315
Abstract
Developing new wave energy technologies is risky, costly and time-consuming. The large diversity of concepts, components and evaluation criteria creates a vast design space of potentially feasible solutions. This paper aims to introduce a novel methodology for the holistic assessment of wave energy [...] Read more.
Developing new wave energy technologies is risky, costly and time-consuming. The large diversity of concepts, components and evaluation criteria creates a vast design space of potentially feasible solutions. This paper aims to introduce a novel methodology for the holistic assessment of wave energy capabilities in various market applications based on sound Systems Engineering methods. The methodology provides a consistent hierarchy of performance metrics relevant to the given system of reference, design activity and development stage under consideration as a means to scrutinise wave energy requirements. Full traceability of system requirements and performance metrics is then facilitated by multi-criteria decision tools and aggregation logic, respectively. The qualitative assessment in the case studies has resulted in very different rankings of System Drivers and Stakeholders for the two market applications considered. However, the Stakeholder Requirements and Functional Requirements present a small variation in the weights for the two application markets which results in a quantitative assessment with very similar Global Merit. Finally, the performance benchmark using the Commercial Attractiveness and Technical Achievability concepts enables a more objective comparison in the utility-scale and remote generation markets and a way to concentrate innovation efforts before proceeding to the next development stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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23 pages, 4741 KiB  
Article
Assessing Hydrokinetic Energy in the Mexican Caribbean: A Case Study in the Cozumel Channel
by Juan F. Bárcenas Graniel, Jassiel V. H. Fontes, Hector F. Gomez Garcia and Rodolfo Silva
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4411; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154411 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3792
Abstract
This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of hydrokinetic energy of Cozumel Island, where ocean currents have been detected, but tourist activities are paramount. The main objective of this research is to identify devices that have been used to harvest hydrokinetic power elsewhere and [...] Read more.
This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of hydrokinetic energy of Cozumel Island, where ocean currents have been detected, but tourist activities are paramount. The main objective of this research is to identify devices that have been used to harvest hydrokinetic power elsewhere and perform an economic analysis as to their implementation in the Mexican Caribbean. First, the energy potential of the area was evaluated using simulated data available through the HYCOM consortium. Then, for four pre-commercial and commercial turbines, technical and economic analyses of their deployments were performed. Socio-environmental constraints were reviewed and discussed. Three optimal sites were identified, with an average annual hydrokinetic energy density of 3–6 MWh/m2-year. These sites meet the socio-environmental requirements for marine kinetic energy harvesting. Of the turbines considered in the analysis, the best energy price/cost ratio is that of SeaGen device, with a maximum theoretical energy extraction of 1319 MWh/year with a Capacity Factor of 12.5% and a Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 1148 USD/MWh. Using this device, but assuming a site-specific design that achieves at least 25% of Capacity Factor, 20-year useful life, and a discount rate of 0.125, the LCOE would be 685.6 USD/MWh. The approach presented here can be applied for techno-economic analyses of marine turbines in other regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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14 pages, 6373 KiB  
Article
Availability-Based Selection of Electricity Delivery Network in Marine Conversion Systems Using Bayesian Network
by Yi Yang and Jannie Sønderkær Nielsen
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123574 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1494
Abstract
Availability is an economically important metric used to assess the design of marine energy farms. Nowadays, three typical concepts of energy delivery network topologies have been proposed for marine energy conversion systems. Few research works assessing the availability of marine energy conversion systems [...] Read more.
Availability is an economically important metric used to assess the design of marine energy farms. Nowadays, three typical concepts of energy delivery network topologies have been proposed for marine energy conversion systems. Few research works assessing the availability of marine energy conversion systems have been published. Their methodology is only based upon time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations and only covers one maintenance strategy. The objective of this study is to consider different maintenance strategies and quantitatively assess the time-dependent availability of these typical energy delivery network topologies by investigating the working philosophy of these topologies and modelling the logic dependencies of them in a Bayesian network (BN). The working philosophy of each topology is investigated to obtain the logic dependencies of the units in the energy delivery network, by means of qualitative system analysis. A table-like data structure, called hierarchy, is introduced to store the information on the logic dependencies and serves as a basis for establishing the corresponding BN models. A logic gate in the hierarchy can be represented by a conditional probability table in the BN model. The availability of these topologies, as a function of time, can be estimated through the BN models. The optimal topology can be selected, based upon the time-dependent availability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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12 pages, 11227 KiB  
Article
Integrated Offshore Seismic Survey Using an Unmanned Wave Glider
by Snons Cheong, Young-Jun Kim, Jong-Hwa Chun, Jung-Ki Kim and Shin Huh
Energies 2021, 14(2), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020297 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3399
Abstract
An autonomous surface vehicle, known as a wave glider, was used to record refracted and reflected signals from a seismic source penetrating the shallow subsurface. An integrated survey system consisting of a wave gilder and a human-operated source vessel was deployed. These survey [...] Read more.
An autonomous surface vehicle, known as a wave glider, was used to record refracted and reflected signals from a seismic source penetrating the shallow subsurface. An integrated survey system consisting of a wave gilder and a human-operated source vessel was deployed. These survey systems are used to acquire wide-offset seismic survey data from specific areas, such as offshore structures. The wave gliders can collect seismic refraction and reflection data, which can be used to estimate subsurface information, e.g., acoustic wave velocity and subsurface structure. We processed raw data collected by a receiver equipped with the wave glider and used the relationship between travel time and offset distance to calculate the velocities of shallow sedimentary deposits and the acoustic basement. The velocities of the sedimentary deposits and basement were estimated to be 1557 and 3507 m/s, respectively. We then overlaid the velocities on subsurface data measured using a single-channel streamer. Our results indicate that unmanned equipment can be used for ocean exploration to aid offshore energy development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Renewable Energy Technology)
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