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Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes
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Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D1: Advanced Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 15168
Submit your paper and select the Journal “Energies” and the Special Issue “Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes” via: https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=energies. Please contact the guest editor or the journal editor ([email protected]) for any queries.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dipali S. Patil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
Interests: electrochemistry; conducting polymers; metal oxides; metal sulfides; composites; battery; supercapacitor
Dr. Sachin Apparao Pawar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Interests: electrochemistry; metal oxides; transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs); 2D materials; quantum dots; solar cell; supercapacitor; photoelectrochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The entire world is facing a climate change challenge due to excessive use of nonrenewable energy resources. In order to cap the Co2 emissions at safety levels, it is inevitable to focus our attention on green energy alternatives. In this quest, energy conversion and storage are key to fulfilling the unprecedented global energy demands arising due to an elevated population.

Supercapacitors (SCs) or ultracapacitors, which are known as electrochemical capacitors or electrochemical energy storage devices, are the most appealing energy storage devices owing to their use in a variety of applications such as portable electronic devices, backup power systems, and hybride vehicles. SCs are promising is due to their high power density and long cycle life. Based on their charge storage mechanisms, SCs are categorized as electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and psedocapacitors. Despited the benefits of SCs in energy storage, they face the challenge of low energy density to match with the batteries.

SCs are considered as green energy alternatives, because they do not pose a threat to the environment and are generally significantly safer if environmentally benign materials are employed. This Special Issue on advanced materials for supercapacitor electrodes enables a great opportunity to uncover the potential of the different materials to be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Accordingly, we invite scientists, engineers, students, and enthusiasts in academia, research institutions, public or private funded laboratories, and industry to contribute their discoveries and challenges in supercapacitor electrode studies.

Electrode materials for supercapacitor studies based on but not limited to carbon materials, metal oxides/hydroxides, metal sulfides/selenides, conducting polymers, layered double hydroxides, and composites are welcome, in the form of either an original research article or a review.

Dr. Dipali S. Patil
Dr. Sachin Apparao Pawar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy storage devices
  • Supercapacitors
  • Battery-type supercapacitors
  • Renewable energies
  • Electrochemical materials science.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2365 KiB  
Article
Effect of Radio-Frequency Power on the Composition of BiVO4 Thin-Film Photoanodes Sputtered from a Single Target
by Jiaqi Liu, Kazuya Tajima, Imane Abdellaoui, Muhammad Monirul Islam, Shigeru Ikeda and Takeaki Sakurai
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2122; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082122 - 10 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2354
Abstract
BiVO4 films were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) sputtering from a single target. The deposited BiVO4 films were found to be rich in Bi, and the reason for the Bi-richness was investigated. It was inferred from the Monte Carlo simulation that, [...] Read more.
BiVO4 films were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) sputtering from a single target. The deposited BiVO4 films were found to be rich in Bi, and the reason for the Bi-richness was investigated. It was inferred from the Monte Carlo simulation that, during sputtering, the transfer process of target atoms through argon gas played a major role in this phenomenon. The transfer process resulted in an imbalanced ratio of Bi and V, arising from the difference in atom mass and interaction radius. The high RF power was found to be effective in adjusting the Bi/V ratio, influencing the sputtering yield. This type of preferential sputtering was maintained by the diffusion of target atoms from the bulk to the surface. BiVO4 films with monoclinic scheelite crystal structures were obtained at high RF power values and found to exhibit photocatalytic performances beneficial for photoanodic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)
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17 pages, 7110 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Effects of Reduced Sintering Temperature on Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Energy Storage Properties of Microwave-Sintered PLZT 8/60/40 Ceramics
by Ajeet Kumar, Sivanagi Reddy Emani, K. C. James Raju, Jungho Ryu and A. R. James
Energies 2020, 13(23), 6457; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236457 - 7 Dec 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2872
Abstract
In this study, (Pb0.92La0.08) (Zr0.60Ti0.40) O3 (PLZT 8/60/40) ceramics were synthesized using a high-energy ball-milling technique followed by microwave sintering at different temperatures from 900 °C to 1200 °C. The optimal microwave sintering temperature [...] Read more.
In this study, (Pb0.92La0.08) (Zr0.60Ti0.40) O3 (PLZT 8/60/40) ceramics were synthesized using a high-energy ball-milling technique followed by microwave sintering at different temperatures from 900 °C to 1200 °C. The optimal microwave sintering temperature for the PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics was found to be 1150 °C, which is relatively low compared with conventional sintering temperature. The sintered ceramics show the pure perovskite phase, uniform grain microstructure (1.2 µm) and high density (~99.5%). The polarization vs. electric field (P-E) hysteresis curves were used to investigate the ferroelectric and energy storage properties. The switching characteristic in P-E loops and occurrence of domain switching current in current vs. electric field (I-E) loops confirms their ferroelectric nature. The PLZT ceramics, which were sintered at 1150 °C, show the highest remnant polarization (Pr) of ~32.18 μC/cm2 and domain switching current (Imax) of ~0.91 mA with a low coercive field (Ec) of ~10.17 kV/cm. The bipolar and unipolar strain vs. electric field (S-E) hysteresis loops were also measured and the highest unipolar strain was found to be ~0.26% for the PLZT ceramics sintered at 1150 °C. The unipolar S-E curves were used to derive the piezoelectric coefficient (d33~495 pm/V) and a strain hysteresis loss (~5.8%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)
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13 pages, 6363 KiB  
Article
Conventional or Microwave Sintering: A Comprehensive Investigation to Achieve Efficient Clean Energy Harvesting
by Siva Sankar Nemala, Sujitha Ravulapalli, Sudhanshu Mallick, Parag Bhargava, Sivasambu Bohm, Mayank Bhushan, Anukul K. Thakur and Debananda Mohapatra
Energies 2020, 13(23), 6208; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236208 - 25 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Layers of titania are the critical components in sensitized photovoltaics. The transfer of electrons occurs from the dye molecule to the external circuit through a transparent conducting oxide, namely fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Porosity, interparticle connectivity, and the titania films’ defects play a [...] Read more.
Layers of titania are the critical components in sensitized photovoltaics. The transfer of electrons occurs from the dye molecule to the external circuit through a transparent conducting oxide, namely fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Porosity, interparticle connectivity, and the titania films’ defects play a vital role in assessing the dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance. The conventional methods typically take several hours to fabricate these layers. This is a significant impediment for the large-scale manufacture of DSSCs. This step can be reduced to a few hours by a microwave sintering process and may facilitate the rapid fabrication of the critical layers for sensitized photovoltaics, thus, boosting the prospects for the commercialization of these devices. In the present study, we aimed to perform different heat treatments (conventional and microwave) on the titania films with different temperatures to understand the phase formation, transmittance, and porosity without losing the titania’s interparticle connectivity. The solar cell performance of microwave-sintered titania films is comparatively higher than that of conventionally sintered titania films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)
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18 pages, 4989 KiB  
Article
Effect of Concentration on the Charge Storage Kinetics of Nanostructured MnO2 Thin-Film Supercapacitors Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method
by Aviraj M. Teli, Sonali A. Beknalkar, Sachin A. Pawar, Deepak P. Dubal, Tukaram D. Dongale, Dipali S. Patil, Pramod S. Patil and Jae Cheol Shin
Energies 2020, 13(22), 6124; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13226124 - 22 Nov 2020
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 3401
Abstract
In this study, amorphous manganese oxide (MnO2) nanostructured thin films were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It is well known that the nanostructure plays a crucial role in energy storage applications. Herein, MnO2 nanostructures ranging from plates to flakes [...] Read more.
In this study, amorphous manganese oxide (MnO2) nanostructured thin films were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It is well known that the nanostructure plays a crucial role in energy storage applications. Herein, MnO2 nanostructures ranging from plates to flakes were synthesized without the use of any hard or soft templates. The 4+ oxidation state of Mn was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The MnO2 nanoflake structure has a specific surface area of 46 m2g−1, which provides it with an excellent rate capability and an exactly rectangular cyclic voltammogram (CV) curve. The MnO2 nanoflake electrode has a high specific capacitance of about 433 Fg−1, an energy density of 60 Whkg−1 at 0.5 mAcm−2, and an excellent cyclic stability of 95% over 1000 CV cycles in 1 M aq. Na2SO4. Kinetics analysis of the charge storage in the nanoflake MnO2 sample shows a 55.6% diffusion-controlled contribution and 44.4% capacitive-controlled contribution to the total current calculated at a scan rate of 100 mVs−1 from the CV curve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)
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14 pages, 9541 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Manganese–Iron-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
by Dipali S. Patil, Sachin A. Pawar, Hyo Jin Kim and Jae Cheol Shin
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4616; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184616 - 4 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3716
Abstract
This work presents a synthesis of hierarchical manganese–iron-layered double hydroxide (MnFe-LDH) nanostructured electrodes using the hydrothermal synthesis route by varying the reaction time for electrochemical energy storage applications. The electrochemical behavior of the MnFe-LDH electrodes synthesized at different reaction times was analyzed in [...] Read more.
This work presents a synthesis of hierarchical manganese–iron-layered double hydroxide (MnFe-LDH) nanostructured electrodes using the hydrothermal synthesis route by varying the reaction time for electrochemical energy storage applications. The electrochemical behavior of the MnFe-LDH electrodes synthesized at different reaction times was analyzed in a three-electrode cell configuration using 2 M KOH electrolyte. The uniform and well-organized MnFe-LDH nanosheet electrode (MnFe-12h) showed the maximum areal capacitance of 2013 mFcm−2 at a 5 mVs−1 scan rate, and 1886 mFcm−2 at a 25 mA applied current. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of MnFe-12h was examined by assembling an asymmetric cell device using activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode and MnFe-12h as a positive electrode and it was tested in a wide voltage window range of 0.0 to 1.6 V. This asymmetric cell device achieved an appropriate energy density of 44.9 µW h cm−2 (55.01 W h kg−1), with a power density of 16 mW cm−2 (5000 W kg−1) at an applied current of 10 mA, and had a long-term cycling stability (93% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) within the 1.6 V operating voltage window. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)
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