Mineral By-Products as Active Components in Flame Retardant Systems for Polymers and Composites

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion and Fire".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 November 2024 | Viewed by 2679

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, CEDEX 30319 Alès, France
Interests: nanocomposites; biobased composites; flame retardancy; additive manufacturing; recycling and life cycle analysis of polymer and composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
IMT Mines Alès, 30100 Alès, France
Interests: flame retardancy; polymers; mineral fillers; additive manufacturing; polymer composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of a circular economy for plastics and composites requires the reduction in the environmental impact of their additives. In particular, flame retardants (FRs) have been a concern for a long time due to their wide use of hazardous substances and particularly some persistent organic pollutants. Beyond their substitution by other less problematic synthetic compounds such as the most part of phosphorous FRs and various hydrated minerals, the objective of reducing their environmental footprint could be achieved by using non-conventional FR components such as agricultural waste or mineral by-products. Although these components may not alone be able to exhibit a significant flame-retardant activity, they could generate complementary or even synergistic effects on fire performance when combined with usual flame retardants or integrated into innovative FR systems. Their different identified modes of action are poly acids in intumescent systems, reactive compounds with FRs, and compounds able to dilute the gas phase during combustion or to generate barrier effects for the diffusion of combustible volatile gases. Consequently, the use of mineral by-products would allow the amount of synthetic FRs to be reduced without damaging other functional properties, such as mechanical ones. This Special Issue is devoted to the design of original FR systems based on mineral by-products, including industrial waste of interest, as well as their implementation in polymers and composites. Special attention will be given to their global level of performance as well as their durability and environmental footprint.

Prof. Dr. José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
Dr. Marcos Batistella
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • by-product
  • mineral
  • flame retardant
  • polymer
  • composite

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 7697 KiB  
Article
Flame Resistance Performance of Silicone Pad for Application in Railway Industry
by Hong-Lae Jang, Tae-Soon Kwon, Seok-Won Kang and Kyungwho Choi
Fire 2024, 7(7), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070255 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 946
Abstract
This study investigates the applicability of eco-friendly silicone materials with improved flame retardancy as interior materials for Korean urban railway vehicles, focusing on developing nonslip pads for seats made of non-combustible materials. Fire safety standards vary worldwide, necessitating country-specific testing and analysis. For [...] Read more.
This study investigates the applicability of eco-friendly silicone materials with improved flame retardancy as interior materials for Korean urban railway vehicles, focusing on developing nonslip pads for seats made of non-combustible materials. Fire safety standards vary worldwide, necessitating country-specific testing and analysis. For application to the interior of railway vehicles in Korea, technical standards for the flame-retardant performance of railway vehicles were evaluated, and nonslip pads for seats were tested by comparing two types of flame-retardant silicone. In addition to fire property testing on a specimen basis, experimental verification was performed on a full chair assembly including silicone pads. Passenger comfort testing through pressure measurements was also conducted alongside fire safety performance testing The actual fire test showed that the maximum average heat release rate value was about 20% lower than the standard’s upper limit. Using flame-retardant silicone pads enhances fire safety and passenger comfort, satisfactorily meeting the required performance standards for Korean railway vehicles. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 5357 KiB  
Review
Natural Flame Retardant Minerals for Advanced Epoxy Composites
by Yu Lei, Xueyi Zhao, Lulu Xu, Hongyang Li, Jing Liang, Guan Heng Yeoh and Wei Wang
Fire 2024, 7(9), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7090308 - 29 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1162
Abstract
Nowadays, with the approaching carbon neutrality deadlines and the implementation of zero-net carbon emission policies, the research and development of flame retardants are increasingly influenced by stringent regulations and laws. In this context, natural inorganic materials have garnered significant attention as promising flame [...] Read more.
Nowadays, with the approaching carbon neutrality deadlines and the implementation of zero-net carbon emission policies, the research and development of flame retardants are increasingly influenced by stringent regulations and laws. In this context, natural inorganic materials have garnered significant attention as promising flame retardants to enhance the fire resistance of polymer composites. These materials offer unique advantages, such as being environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and producing no carbon emissions during preparation. Consequently, in recent years, there has been a rapid increase in research on natural mineral flame retardants. This review systematically introduces the research progress on natural minerals as flame retardants in epoxy resin, highlighting their ability to provide exceptional fire resistance. Additionally, we categorize the various chemical modification approaches for natural minerals and explore different various natural mineral-based flame retardants. Furthermore, we elucidate the flame retardant mechanisms behind both natural and modified mineral flame retardant systems. Beyond summarizing and concluding the current state of research, we also project future research directions and identify challenges in the development of natural mineral flame retardants. Full article
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