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Fluids
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Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures
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Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2022) | Viewed by 11672

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marta María Mato Corzón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: applied thermodynamics; thermophysical properties of liquids and mixtures; thermal properties of peloids (clay + water) and muds applied to thermotherapy; microcalorimetry applied to bacterial growth; biological fluids and their mixtures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermodynamics plays an important role in many scientific and engineering disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, life sciences, chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods, and materials science.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to an update of the different topics related to the thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures, in the form of reviews, original research papers, and short communications, to improve interaction and pull together the various application areas and theoretical branches in order to develop a more powerful and more applicable discipline.

The structure and molecular interactions of liquids depend on such factors as the shape and size of molecules, dispersion forces, and electrostatic forces. All these interactions cause thermal effects when the intermolecular distances are varied, as in the case of mixtures of liquids. A combination of experiments, theory, and simulations can allow us to study complex systems from the molecular scale all the way up to the macroscopic level.

In this Special Issue, we aim to present new experimental achievements, the prediction of thermodynamic properties, molecular and statistical thermodynamics, molecular modeling and simulations, and chemo-informatics, all with a view to practical applications.

Dr. Marta María Mato Corzón
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermodynamic properties
  • experimental methods
  • theory
  • molecular simulation
  • heat transfer
  • calorimetry
  • thermal analysis
  • non-electrolyte liquids
  • ionic liquids
  • biofluids
  • nanofluids

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3290 KiB  
Article
Thermal Hydraulics and Thermochemical Design of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) Esterification Reactor by Heating with High Boiling Point Phenyl-Naphthalene Liquid
by Alon Davidy
Fluids 2022, 7(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7030093 - 4 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3485
Abstract
FAME (biodiesel) is an alternative fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils. There is growing interest in the research and development of renewable energy sources. A possible solution is a biofuel usable in compression-ignition engines (diesel engines) produced from biomass rich in [...] Read more.
FAME (biodiesel) is an alternative fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils. There is growing interest in the research and development of renewable energy sources. A possible solution is a biofuel usable in compression-ignition engines (diesel engines) produced from biomass rich in fats and oils. This paper contains a new and safer design of an esterification reactor for producing FAME (biodiesel) by utilizing high boiling point fluid (called phenyl-naphthalene). CFD simulation of biodiesel production by using methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid has been carried out. Ionic liquids (ILs) are composed of anions and cations that exist as liquids at relatively low temperatures. They have many advantages, such as chemical and thermal stability, low flammability, and low vapor pressures. In this work, the ionic liquids have been applied in organic reactions as solvents and catalysts of the esterification reaction. The great qualities of high boiling temperature fluids, along with advances in the oil and gas industries, make the organic concept more suitable and safer (water coming into contact with liquid metal may cause a steam explosion hazard) for heating the esterification reactor. The COMSOL Multiphysics code has been employed and simultaneously solves the continuity, fluid flow, heat transfer, and diffusion with chemical reaction kinetics equations. It was shown that the heat flux could provide the necessary heat flux required for maintaining the esterification process. It was found that the mass fractions of methanol and oleic acid decrease along the reactor axis. The FAME mass fraction increased along the reactor axis. The maximal biodiesel yield obtained in the esterification reactor was 86%. This value is very similar to the experimental results obtained by Elsheikh et al. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures)
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15 pages, 62869 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Effects of Nanoparticle Concentration and Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness in MQL Hard Turning Using MoS2 Nanofluid
by Ngo Minh Tuan, Tran Bao Ngoc, Tran Le Thu and Tran The Long
Fluids 2021, 6(11), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6110398 - 4 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2268
Abstract
Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has gained significant attention in various research fields and industrial applications for its advantages of being environmentally friendly and suitable for sustainable production. The effectiveness of MQL is increasing significantly by using nano cutting fluid, which can be produced [...] Read more.
Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has gained significant attention in various research fields and industrial applications for its advantages of being environmentally friendly and suitable for sustainable production. The effectiveness of MQL is increasing significantly by using nano cutting fluid, which can be produced by suspending nanoparticles in the based cutting fluid. This study aims to investigate the effects of MoS2 nanoparticle concentration, cutting speed, and feed rate on MQL hard turning of 90CrSi steel in terms of surface roughness and surface microstructure. The Box–Behnken experimental design was used to analyze the influence of input parameters and their interaction effects as well as to find the optimal set of variables. The obtained results prove the improvement of the machinability of carbide tools due to higher cooling and lubricating performance created by MoS2 nanofluid MQL, which contributes to improve the surface quality and reduce the manufacturing cost. There is an interaction effect between nanoparticle concentration and feed rate which has a strong influence on surface roughness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures)
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31 pages, 4277 KiB  
Article
A Power Sequence Interaction Function for Liquid Phase Particles
by Otto G. Piringer
Fluids 2021, 6(10), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6100354 - 8 Oct 2021
Viewed by 2459
Abstract
In this manuscript, a function is derived that allows the interactions between the atoms/molecules in nanoparticles, nanodrops, and macroscopic liquid phases to be modeled. One goal of molecular theories is the development of expressions to predict specific physical properties of liquids for which [...] Read more.
In this manuscript, a function is derived that allows the interactions between the atoms/molecules in nanoparticles, nanodrops, and macroscopic liquid phases to be modeled. One goal of molecular theories is the development of expressions to predict specific physical properties of liquids for which no experimental data are available. A big limitation of reliable applications of known expressions is that they are based on the interactions between pairs of molecules. There is no reason to suppose that the energy of interaction of three or more molecules is the sum of the pairwise interaction energies alone. Here, an interaction function with the limit value w = e2π/e is presented, which allows for the derivation of the atomic mass unit and acts as a bridge between properties of elementary particles and emergent properties of macroscopic systems. The following properties of liquids are presented using the introduced interaction function: melting temperatures of n-alkanes, nanocrystals of polyethylene, melting temperatures of metal nanoparticles, solid–liquid phase transition temperatures for water in nanopores, critical temperatures and critical pressures of n-alkanes, vapor pressures in liquids and liquid droplets, self-diffusion coefficients of compounds in liquids, binary liquid diffusion coefficients, diffusion coefficients in liquids at infinite dilution, diffusion in polymers, and viscosities in liquids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures)
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14 pages, 16708 KiB  
Article
A Model of Two Quantum Fluids for the Low Energy Excited States of the Systems with Entities That Mimic the Magnetic Monopoles
by Fernando M. López-Aguilar and Fernando I. López-Bara
Fluids 2021, 6(9), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6090324 - 8 Sep 2021
Viewed by 2083
Abstract
The low energy excitation states in frustrated magnetic structures can generate quasiparticles that behave as if they were magnetic charges. These excited states produce, in the so-called spin-ice materials, two different peaks of specific heat at temperatures less than 1.5 K. In this [...] Read more.
The low energy excitation states in frustrated magnetic structures can generate quasiparticles that behave as if they were magnetic charges. These excited states produce, in the so-called spin-ice materials, two different peaks of specific heat at temperatures less than 1.5 K. In this paper, we consider that the first structure is caused by the formation of fluid of magnetic dipoles configured by the dumbbell model with a boson nature in consonance with that described by Witten for mesons. The second structure, wider than the first one, corresponds to a plasma state that comes from the breaking of a great number of dipoles, which provokes the appearance of free magnetic charges, which constitute a cool magnetic plasma fluid. In this paper, we determine thermodynamic analytical functions: the thermo-potential and internal energy and their respective derivative physical magnitudes: entropy, and magnetic specific heat. We obtain results in a good concordance with the experimental data, which allow us to explain the phase transitions occurred in these spin-ice materials at very low temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Mixtures)
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