Long Term Dynamics of Conifer Forests

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Ecology and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 July 2022) | Viewed by 5016

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: palynology; vegetation history; paleoclimate; human impact on forests; coastal environments; quaternary
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Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Interests: conservation genetics; fossil record; phylogeography; molecular ecology; species distribution modelling

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: paleobiogeography; quaternary refugia; plant extinction; past climate impacts; species migration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Conifers represent a systematically well-defined group of seed plants, with a well understood distribution encompassing all continents except Antarctica. Some areas of the world are characterized by few species with almost pan-continental distributions, dominating entire biomes such as in the Northern Hemisphere. Conversely, other regions are occupied by a multitude of conifer species with highly fragmented ranges, such as the Pacific Ocean Rim. This may reflect the legacy of long-term forest dynamics influenced by evolutionary, biotic, climatic, and anthropic processes, the knowledge of which can make a crucial contribution to more appropriate and effective conservation strategies. Many aspects of the long-term dynamics of conifer forests are of interest, including extinction, persistence, genetic differentiation, range fragmentation, vicariance, migration, and adaptive capacity. This Special Issue aims to investigate these topics through the collation of research articles based on palaeoecological, biogeographic, genetic, and phylogeographical approaches.

We welcome contributions on the dynamics of conifer populations/species from local to continental scales with temporal resolution from millions of years to decades, aimed at defining the processes leading to their current spatial distribution, and better understanding the genetic and ecological characteristics of conifer forests.

Dr. Federico Di Rita
Dr. James Raymond Peter Worth
Dr. Donatella Magri
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • paleoecology
  • biogeography
  • forest conservation
  • tree genetics
  • persistence
  • extinction
  • vulnerability
  • adaptation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 6122 KiB  
Article
Conifer Forest Dynamics in the Iberian Pyrenees during the Middle Ages
by Valentí Rull and Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia
Forests 2021, 12(12), 1685; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121685 - 1 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4085
Abstract
This study compares the Medieval (ca. 400–1500 CE; Common Era) dynamics of forests from low-mountain (Montcortès; ca. 1000 m a.s.l.) and high-mountain (Sant Maurici; 1900 m a.s.l.) areas of the Iberian Pyrenees, both of which experienced similar climatic forcing but different anthropogenic pressures. [...] Read more.
This study compares the Medieval (ca. 400–1500 CE; Common Era) dynamics of forests from low-mountain (Montcortès; ca. 1000 m a.s.l.) and high-mountain (Sant Maurici; 1900 m a.s.l.) areas of the Iberian Pyrenees, both of which experienced similar climatic forcing but different anthropogenic pressures. The main aim is to identify forest changes over time and associate them with the corresponding climatic and anthropogenic drivers (or synergies among them) to test how different forests at different elevations respond to external forcings. This can be useful to evaluate the hypothesis of general Pyrenean deforestation during the Middle Ages leading to present-day landscapes and to improve the background for forest conservation. The study uses the palynological analysis of lake sediments, historical documents and paleoecological reconstructions based on pollen-independent proxies. The two sites studied showed different forest trajectories. The Montcortès area was subjected to intense human pressure during regional deforestation up to a maximum of ca. 1000 CE. Further forest recovery took place until the end of the Middle Ages due to a change in forest management, including the abandonment of slash-and-burn practices. Climatic shifts indirectly influenced forest trends by regulating human migrations and the resulting shifts in the type and intensity of forest exploitation. The highland Sant Maurici forests exhibited a remarkably long-standing constancy and an exceptional resilience to climatic shifts, which were unable to affect forest extension and composition, and to local human pressure, from which they rapidly recovered. The Montcortès and Sant Maurici records did not follow the rule of an irreversible forest clearing during the Middle Ages leading to present-day landscapes. The present Montcortès landscape was shaped after a Medieval forest recovery, new Modern-Age deforestation and further forest recovery during the last centuries. The Sant Maurici forests remained apparently untouched since the Bronze Age and were never cleared during the Middle Ages. The relevance of these findings for forest conservation is briefly addressed, and the need for the development of more high-resolution studies on Pyrenean forest dynamics is highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long Term Dynamics of Conifer Forests)
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