Genetic and Genomic Studies of Crop Breeding

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 March 2025 | Viewed by 1048

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
Interests: plant sciences; crop genetic improvement; crop yield potential; climate change and crop production; crop physiology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food security is confronted by great threats from crop yield stagnation, growing demand for high-quality crops, and global climate change in the form of frequent extreme weather events, increasing occurrence of various pests and diseases, and shortage of water and other resources. The benefits of genetic studies of crop breeding globally are thought to be imperative for realizing high-yielding crop production. Breeding practices for modern crops are critical in facing these challenges, and a deep understanding of these practices is crucial to uncovering how to identify genetic improvements for productive crops. This Special Issue explores the basic mechanism of the breeding of high-yield and high-quality crops. It is expected that the development and integration of new technology into established breeding schemes will contribute significantly to crop genetic improvements, for instance, with the breeding of varieties with better quality and improved disease resistance, improving yield potential, and enhancing resistance or tolerance to biotic stress such as drought and heat. This Special Issue will prioritize articles that are of direct relevance to plant breeders, in the form of original research, technology reports, opinion articles, perspectives, reviews, and mini reviews. Studies on cereals, beans, potatoes, fiber, oilseeds, sugar, seasoning, medicinal, green manure, and aromatic crops are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Depeng Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • agronomy
  • plant protection
  • biological sciences
  • plant breeding
  • genetics
  • genomics
  • molecular biology
  • biotechnology
  • plant pathology
  • plant biochemistry

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 1267 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Harboring Markers Linked to Maize Yield
by Agnieszka Tomkowiak, Tomasz Jamruszka, Jan Bocianowski, Aleksandra Sobiech, Karolina Jarzyniak, Maciej Lenort, Sylwia Katarzyna Mikołajczyk and Monika Żurek
Genes 2024, 15(12), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15121558 (registering DOI) - 29 Nov 2024
Abstract
It is currently believed that breeding priorities, including maize breeding, should focus on introducing varieties with greater utility value, specifically higher yields, into production. Global modern maize breeding relies on various molecular genetics techniques. Using the above mentioned technologies, we can identify regions [...] Read more.
It is currently believed that breeding priorities, including maize breeding, should focus on introducing varieties with greater utility value, specifically higher yields, into production. Global modern maize breeding relies on various molecular genetics techniques. Using the above mentioned technologies, we can identify regions of the genome that are associated with various phenotypic traits, including yield, which is of fundamental importance for understanding and manipulating these regions. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of candidate genes associated with maize yield. To better understand the function of the analyzed genes in increasing maize yield, their expression in different organs and tissues was also assessed using publicly available transcriptome data. RT-qPCR analyses were performed using iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Each of the performed RT-qPCR experiments consisted of three biological replicates and three technical replicates, the results of which were averaged. The research results allowed us to select three out of six candidate genes (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1CCR1, aspartate aminotransferaseAAT and sucrose transporter 1SUT1), which can significantly affect grain yield in maize. Not only our studies but also literature reports clearly indicate the participation of CCR1, AAT and SUT1 in the formation of yield. Identified molecular markers located within these genes can be used in breeding programs to select high yielding maize genotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Genomic Studies of Crop Breeding)
10 pages, 1200 KiB  
Article
Simple Sequence Repeat Marker-Based Genetic Diversity and Chemical Composition Analysis of Ancient Camellia sinensis in Jiulong County, Sichuan Province, China
by Haitao Huang, Shuwen He, Xuxia Zheng, Daliang Shi, Peixian Bai, Yun Zhao, Jizhong Yu and Xiaojun Niu
Genes 2024, 15(10), 1317; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15101317 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 711
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The ancient tea plant germplasm resources are rich in genetic diversity and provide an important basis for the genetic diversity in tea germplasm resources. To explore the genetic diversity of ancient tea plant germplasm resources in Jiulong County, Sichuan Province. Methods: 59 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The ancient tea plant germplasm resources are rich in genetic diversity and provide an important basis for the genetic diversity in tea germplasm resources. To explore the genetic diversity of ancient tea plant germplasm resources in Jiulong County, Sichuan Province. Methods: 59 ancient tea tree germplasm resources were analyzed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers and chemical composition analysis. Results: The results showed that a total of 83 alleles were amplified by 23 pairs of SSR primers, with an average observed allele number (Na) of 3.6 and an effective allele number (Ne) of 2.335. The average Shannon information index (I) and the polymorphic information content (PIC) of the primers were 0.896 and 0.446, respectively. The results of the UPGMA cluster analysis showed that 59 ancient tea tree samples could be classified into five different subgroups. Based on the results of chemical composition analysis, two specific tea germplasm resources with high amino acid content, 10 excellent germplasm resources with tea polyphenol content over 20% and some other tea germplasm resources were identified. Conclusions: This study reveals that Jiulong’s ancient tea tree germplasm exhibits significant genetic diversity and includes valuable tea tree planting resources. These findings provide a foundational framework for the conservation, detailed exploration and sustainable utilization of these resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Genomic Studies of Crop Breeding)
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