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Geosciences
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Advances in tsunami science towards tsunami threat reduction
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Advances in tsunami science towards tsunami threat reduction

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Hazards".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 14932

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marinos Charalampakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Geodynamics - National Observatory Athens, Hellenic National Tsunami Warning Center, Lofos Nymfon, Thissio, 118-10 Athens, Greece
Interests: marine geophysics; tsunamis; seismology; geology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and its tragic consequences led the international community in taking measures towards reducing the threat of tsunamis around the world. Before boxing day 2004, a Tsunami Warning System was operational only for the Pacific Ocean. In 2005, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) received a mandate from the international community to coordinate the establishment of Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation Systems in other regions as well, i.e. the Caribbean Sea (CARIBE_EWS), the Indian Ocean (IOTWMS) and the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (NEAMTWS).

The following years, nature proved that tsunami threat exists and is expressed in different ways. In 2011, the Tōhoku Tsunami that swept the Japanese coastline hit the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) leading to one of the most catastrophic NPP accidents in history and initiating changes to NPP policies worldwide. In 2017, the Bodrum-Kos earthquake (Aegean Sea) with a moderate magnitude of 6.6, generated a local tsunami with ~2 m run-up. This was the first instrumentally recorded tsunami after the regional Tsunami Warning System (NEMATWS) became operational, and reminded the local population of the existing threat of tsunamis in the region. In 2018, the Sulawesi tsunami caught scientists by surprise; the earthquake was of strike-slip origin, yet tsunami generation was very energetic and the waves caused devastation along the coastline of Palu bay. Most recently in 2018, a tsunami was generated by the collapse of the flanks of Anak Krakatau volcano after its eruption, in yet another tsunami event that provided valuable lessons for the tsunami community.

This Special Issue “Advances in tsunami science towards tsunami threat reduction” aims to bring together new insights in tsunami science, as well as new innovative approaches in tsunami risk mitigation that will ultimately reduce the threat of tsunamis in coastal communities. State of the art research papers and case studies that reflect the advances in tsunami early warnings, with emphasis in near-field tsunamis are very welcomed. This special issue aims to cover, without being limited to, the following areas:

  • Tsunami early warning system tools and applications,
  • Advances in tsunami numerical modelling to reduce computational time,
  • Tsunami risk assessment and hazard mitigation,
  • Activities to raise public awareness for tsunami hazard.
  • Development of neural network/machine learning tools for tsunami forecasting

Dr. Marinos Charalampakis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tsunami early warning system
  • Near-field tsunamis
  • Numerical modeling
  • Tsunami detection and forecasting
  • Tsunami hazard assessment and mitigation
  • Earthquake generated tsunamis
  • Landslide generated tsunamis
  • Neural network/machine learning tools
  • Geographical Information System
  • Advances in tsunami measuring instruments

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 4154 KiB  
Article
Verification of the LOGOS Software Package for Tsunami Simulations
by Elena Tyatyushkina, Andrey Kozelkov, Andrey Kurkin, Efim Pelinovsky, Vadim Kurulin, Kseniya Plygunova and Dmitry Utkin
Geosciences 2020, 10(10), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100385 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3579
Abstract
Verification results for the LOGOS software package as applied to numerical simulations of tsunami waves are reported. The module of the LOGOS software package that is used for tsunami simulations is based on the numerical solution of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The verification included [...] Read more.
Verification results for the LOGOS software package as applied to numerical simulations of tsunami waves are reported. The module of the LOGOS software package that is used for tsunami simulations is based on the numerical solution of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The verification included two steps. The first step involved the verification of LOGOS free-surface flow simulations on the test cases of a collapsing water column and gravity water sloshing in a tank and the known test cases of wave generation by objects falling into water or lifted out of it. The verification of LOGOS specifically for tsunami simulations was performed using a reference set of international benchmarks including the propagation and run-up of a single wave onto a flat slope and a vertical wall, the sliding of a wedge-shaped body down a slope, flow around an island and wave run-up over an obstacle. The results of the verification simulations demonstrate that LOGOS provides sufficient accuracy in numerical simulations of tsunami waves, namely, their generation, propagation and run-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in tsunami science towards tsunami threat reduction)
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15 pages, 25882 KiB  
Article
The 1730 Great Metropolitan Chile Earthquake and Tsunami Commemoration: Joint Efforts to Increase the Country’s Awareness
by Natalia Zamora, Alejandra Gubler, Víctor Orellana, Jorge León, Alejandro Urrutia, Matías Carvajal, Marco Cisternas, Patricio Catalán, Patricio Winckler, Rodrigo Cienfuegos, Cristóbal Karich, Stefan Vogel, José Galaz, Sebastián Pereira and Celeste Bertin
Geosciences 2020, 10(6), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060246 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6297
Abstract
On 8 July 1730, a great earthquake struck metropolitan Chile, causing extensive damage 1000 km along the country and focused in Valparaíso. Due to the date of occurrence of this event, large uncertainties about the earthquake’s magnitude have been discussed among the scientific [...] Read more.
On 8 July 1730, a great earthquake struck metropolitan Chile, causing extensive damage 1000 km along the country and focused in Valparaíso. Due to the date of occurrence of this event, large uncertainties about the earthquake’s magnitude have been discussed among the scientific community, and the earthquake and tsunami have remained unknown for most of the population. The purpose of this paper is to describe joint efforts undertaken by organizations, academia, and authorities to rescue the forgotten memory of an event that occurred almost three centuries ago and that may be repeated in the near future. In line with the Sendai Framework, we focus on one of the four priorities for action, which is to understand disaster risk, with the premise that the memory activation and raising awareness can save lives in the future. We designed outreach strategies to communicate this knowledge to the community in a participatory way. The latter involves scientific talks, earthquake simulators, tsunami projection mapping on relief scaled models (mock-up), and a public debate including the participation of academia, politicians, authorities, and the local community. The emulation of such activities and the constant work of regional and national authorities, academia, and non-governmental organizations dealing with risk mitigation encourage involving the community to build safer cities against the tsunami hazard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in tsunami science towards tsunami threat reduction)
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19 pages, 10093 KiB  
Article
Modelling with Volna-OP2—Towards Tsunami Threat Reduction for the Irish Coastline
by Daniel Giles, Brian McConnell and Frédéric Dias
Geosciences 2020, 10(6), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060226 - 10 Jun 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4400
Abstract
Tsunamis are infrequent events that have the potential to be extremely destructive. The last major tsunami to effect the Irish coastline was the Lisbon 1755 event. That event acts as a candidate worst case scenario for hazard assessment and the impacts on the [...] Read more.
Tsunamis are infrequent events that have the potential to be extremely destructive. The last major tsunami to effect the Irish coastline was the Lisbon 1755 event. That event acts as a candidate worst case scenario for hazard assessment and the impacts on the Irish Coastline are presented here. As there is no general consensus on the 1755 earthquake source, multiple sources highlighted in the literature are investigated. These sources are used to generate the initial conditions and the resultant tsunami waves are simulated with the massively parallelised Volna-OP2 finite volume tsunami code. The hazard associated with the event is captured on three gradated levels. A reduced faster than real time tsunami ensemble is produced for the North-East Atlantic on a regional level in 93 s using two Nvidia V100 GPUs. By identifying the most vulnerable sections of the Irish coastline from this regional forecast, some locally refined simulations are further carried out in a faster than real time setting. As arrival times on the coastline can be on the O (mins), these faster than real time reduced ensembles are of great benefit for tsunami warning. Volna-OP2’s capabilities in this respect are clearly demonstrated here. Finally, high resolution inundation simulations, which build upon the ensemble results, are carried out. To date this study provides the best estimate of assessing the hazard associated with a Lisbon-type tsunami event for the Irish coastline. The results of the inundation mapping highlight that along the vulnerable sections of coastline, inundation is constrained to low-lying areas with maximum run-up heights of 3.4 m being found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in tsunami science towards tsunami threat reduction)
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