Recent Advances in the Production of Plant Bioactive Compounds by Horticultural Crops through Agronomical and Biotechnological Approaches

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2024) | Viewed by 4523

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Interests: plant biology; plant biotechnology; medicinal plants; plant tissue culture; plant secondary metabolism

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Guest Editor
Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: fruit and vegetable quality; bioactive compounds; green processing; functional foods; waste recycling; nanoencapsulation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants crops face a wide range of environmental conditions and biotic threats that eventually induce of plant stress. As sessile organisms, plants adapt their metabolism to cope with such stressful conditions, driven by either abiotic or biotic causes. Specialized metabolites are widely known to be responsible for the adaptive and defensive responses of plant organisms under stress. Thanks to their functional role, plant specialized metabolites have gained much attention for their health-enhancing properties, as they act as effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that can be incorporated in nutraceutical and cosmetic formulations. Consequently, the controlled induction of plant stress is regarded as an effective strategy to produce phytochemicals with high value for economically important sectors, such as the horticultural and agricultural industries. In this sense, several families of plant specialized metabolites have been successfully produced from industrially exploited crops, ranging from polyphenols and pigments to more sophisticated compounds, i.e.,: biosugars, essential amino acids and fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and aromatic compounds, among others.

In this Special Issue, authors are invited to contribute research articles or reviews focused on novel approaches to the production of plant bioactive compounds from horticultural crops, including: phytochemical research, combining analytical and functional studies; the performance of new agronomical techniques, such as the application of biostimulants to induce significant defensive responses to mitigate plant stress; and the establishment of biotechnological systems, which involve the design of controlled biological platforms under elicitation that may act as biofactories of natural bioactive compounds.

Dr. Pascual García-Pérez
Dr. Lucía Cassani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • phytochemistry
  • crop science
  • biostimulants
  • biotechnology
  • agronomical practices
  • elicitation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 9092 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Lectin from Bauhinia holophylla Using Bioinformatics Tools
by Ludmila Maria Gonçalves Godoi de Camargos, Débora de Oliveira Lopes and Ana Hortência Fonseca Castro
Horticulturae 2024, 10(7), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070682 - 27 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Lectins are proteins of a non-immune nature with activity against microorganisms, insects, and tumor cells. The aim of this work was to predict the physicochemical characteristics, structure, and functional properties of a Bauhinia holophylla lectin (BhL), sequenced from genomic material obtained from calli [...] Read more.
Lectins are proteins of a non-immune nature with activity against microorganisms, insects, and tumor cells. The aim of this work was to predict the physicochemical characteristics, structure, and functional properties of a Bauhinia holophylla lectin (BhL), sequenced from genomic material obtained from calli cultures, through bioinformatics tools. The results showed a high similarity between the Bhl gene and nucleotide sequences that encode lectins expressed by Bauhinia species and a high identity between the protein sequence of BhL and lectins from B. forficata (90%), B. variegata (79.04%), B. purpurea (78.01%), and B. ungulata (85.27%). BhL has 289 amino acids, of which 30, 85, and 174 residues are related to α-helix, β-sheet, and disordered regions, respectively. Their estimated molecular weight is 31.9 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point is 5.79. Bauhinia holophylla lectin possibly undergoes phosphorylation and glycosylation at specific sites. Conserved protein domains, catalytic sites, and conserved amino acids were observed in BhL, bringing it closer to lectin families from other legume species. The prediction signaled the presence of a sequence of 28 amino acids at the N-terminal end of BhL, with a high hydropathicity index and conceptualized as a signal peptide. The molecular function predicted for BhL was associated with carbohydrate recognition activity. BhL could be an extracellular protein, and its three-dimensional structure showed 78.82% identity with the B. purpurea lectin. Full article
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21 pages, 5118 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Production in Pelargonium graveolens Hort. Cell Cultures: Eliciting Effects of Chitosan and Jasmonic Acid on Bioactive Compound Production
by Amine Elbouzidi, Mohamed Taibi, Abdellah Baraich, Mounir Haddou, El Hassania Loukili, Abdeslam Asehraou, François Mesnard and Mohamed Addi
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050521 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
This study explores the effects of chitosan (CHT) and jasmonic acid (JA) elicitors on rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens Hort.) cell suspension cultures, aiming to enhance the production of phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant properties. Elicitation with CHT and JA resulted in varied [...] Read more.
This study explores the effects of chitosan (CHT) and jasmonic acid (JA) elicitors on rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens Hort.) cell suspension cultures, aiming to enhance the production of phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant properties. Elicitation with CHT and JA resulted in varied biomass yields and callus characteristics, with higher concentrations generally leading to increased phenolic accumulation. Optimal biomass was achieved with CHT4 (75 mg/mL) and JA3 (50 µM) treatments. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed changes in phenolic compound composition and quantities, with specific compounds induced by either CHT4 or JA3. For instance, gallic acid content increased significantly in CHT4-treated cells, while catechin content increased notably in both CHT4 and JA3 treatments. Antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased with elicitor concentration, particularly in CHT4 and JA3 treatments. Both treatments exhibited potent antioxidant activity, with JA3 exhibiting the lowest IC50 value in the DPPH assay and highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values. Surprisingly, both CHT4 and JA3 extracts effectively inhibited tyrosinase activity. These findings underscore the efficacy of CHT and JA elicitors in enhancing phenolic and flavonoid production, boosting antioxidant capacity, and inhibiting tyrosinase activity in P. graveolens cultures, offering promising implications for further research and industrial applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. Full article
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15 pages, 2434 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Genotype and Controlled Environment Cultivation Parameters on Tomato-Leaf-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticle Yield and Properties
by Akvilė Viršilė, Giedrė Samuolienė, Kristina Laužikė, Emilija Mikalauskienė, Zbigniev Balion and Aistė Jekabsone
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050477 - 7 May 2024
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Abstract
Horticultural plant material offers several advantages for isolating exosomes and other natural plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) due to the accessibility and affordability of plant material for widespread applications. This study aims to explore the impacts of the tomato genotype (‘Admiro’, ‘Roma’, ‘Brooklyn’, ‘Marmande’ [...] Read more.
Horticultural plant material offers several advantages for isolating exosomes and other natural plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) due to the accessibility and affordability of plant material for widespread applications. This study aims to explore the impacts of the tomato genotype (‘Admiro’, ‘Roma’, ‘Brooklyn’, ‘Marmande’ and ‘Betalux’) and the main cultivation parameters in controlled environment agriculture on the yield and properties of their PDENs for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications. The PDEN yield, size distribution, and antioxidative properties of young tomato seedlings were evaluated. The ‘Betalux’ tomato was distinguished by a remarkably higher nanoparticle concentration and a uniform size distribution and was selected for further experiments. The impact of cultivation temperature (18, 22, and 26 °C), nitrogen nutrition (0, 250, and 500 mg L−1), and the lighting photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 150, 250, and 450 µmol m−2 s−1) on nanoparticle properties was investigated. Optimal conditions consisting of a temperature of 22 °C, 250 mg L−1 nitrogen nutrition, and 250 µmol m−2 s−1 lighting PPFD were used as a reference. Optimal temperature, nitrogen nutrition, and lighting intensity resulted in the highest nanoparticle yield, the most uniform particle distribution, and the highest impact of PDEN preparations on keratinocyte metabolic activity. Deviation from optimal cultivation conditions reduced the tomato biomass and the PDEN protein and yield. Full article
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