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Hydrology
Special Issues
Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Wetland Hydrology
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Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Wetland Hydrology

A special issue of Hydrology (ISSN 2306-5338). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology–Climate Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2025 | Viewed by 3346

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Miklas Scholz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Directorate of Engineering the Future, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK
Interests: water resources engineering; agricultural water management; pollution control; wastewater treatment; decision support systems; treatment wetlands; integrated constructed wetlands; hydrology; storm water management; sustainable flood retention basins; sustainable drainage systems; permeable pavement systems; ponds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is predominantly concerned with recent advances linked to the assessment of impacts of both climate change and human activities on wetland systems, including hydrology and pollution. As climate change becomes a major challenge for many regions, wetlands are some of the first natural systems that suffer from a lack of water during dry periods. This problem becomes even worse as industry also needs water at the same time and competes with wetlands for this resource. Moreover, a common secondary challenge is pollution. As wetlands dry out, they degrade, and greenhouses gases are released into the air and organic matter enters the nearest watercourse.

The aim of this Special Issue is therefore to find practical solutions, such as an improved water table management, to prevent wetlands from further degradation and support both society and industry with water in a sustainable manner. The sustainable management of the hydrological cycle is key to addressing the identified challenges. Therefore, it is important that contributions such as original articles and reviews address the scope of the journal of Hydrology as well.

In order to support the aim of this Issue, the following key themes are proposed: (a) the identification and assessment of climate change on wetlands, including constructed wetlands and peatlands; (b) the control of and reduction in human activities, such as irrigation in the agricultural industry negatively impacting wetland hydrology; (c) water table management of wetland systems; (d) engineering solutions to prevent wetland degradation; and (e) the sustainable management of the hydrological cycle to optimize water usage.

Prof. Dr. Miklas Scholz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Hydrology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • constructed wetland
  • greenhouse gas
  • human activities
  • hydrology
  • peatland
  • sustainable water resources management
  • water pollution
  • water table management
  • wetland system

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 7091 KiB  
Article
Advancing Coastal Flood Risk Prediction Utilizing a GeoAI Approach by Considering Mangroves as an Eco-DRR Strategy
by Tri Atmaja, Martiwi Diah Setiawati, Kiyo Kurisu and Kensuke Fukushi
Hydrology 2024, 11(12), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11120198 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024
Abstract
Traditional coastal flood risk prediction often overlooks critical geographic features, underscoring the need for accurate risk prediction in coastal cities to ensure resilience. This study enhances the prediction of coastal flood occurrence by utilizing the Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) approach. This approach employed [...] Read more.
Traditional coastal flood risk prediction often overlooks critical geographic features, underscoring the need for accurate risk prediction in coastal cities to ensure resilience. This study enhances the prediction of coastal flood occurrence by utilizing the Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) approach. This approach employed models—random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and artificial neural networks (ANN)—and compared them to the IPCC risk framework. This study used El Salvador as a demonstration case. The models incorporated seven input variables: extreme sea level, coastline proximity, elevation, slope, mangrove distance, population, and settlement type. With a recall score of 0.67 and precision of 0.86, the RF model outperformed the other models and the IPCC approach, which could avoid imbalanced datasets and standard scaler issues. The RF model improved the reliability of flood risk assessments by reducing false negatives. Based on the RF model output, scenario analysis predicted a significant increase in flood occurrences by 2100, mainly under RCP8.5 with SSP5. The study also highlights that the continuous mangrove along the coastline will reduce coastal flood occurrences. The GeoAI approach results suggest its potential for coastal flood risk management, emphasizing the need to integrate natural defenses, such as mangroves, for coastal resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Wetland Hydrology)
12 pages, 2146 KiB  
Article
Ornamental Plant Growth in Different Culture Conditions and Fluoride and Chloride Removals with Constructed Wetlands
by José Luis Marín-Muñiz, María E. Hernández and Sergio Zamora Castro
Hydrology 2024, 11(11), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11110182 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 743
Abstract
Natural water resources often contain fluorides and chlorides due to wastewater discharge; however, excessive exposure to fluorides can pose health risks to humans. Elevated chloride levels can negatively affect aquatic fauna and disrupt the reproductive rates of plants. This study assessed constructed wetlands [...] Read more.
Natural water resources often contain fluorides and chlorides due to wastewater discharge; however, excessive exposure to fluorides can pose health risks to humans. Elevated chloride levels can negatively affect aquatic fauna and disrupt the reproductive rates of plants. This study assessed constructed wetlands (CWs) featuring monocultures (including Canna hybrid, Alpinia purpurata, and Hedychium coronarium) and polycultures (combinations of species from the monoculture systems) of ornamental plants (OPs) to evaluate their efficiency in removing fluorides and chlorides. The results revealed that the ornamental plants flourished in the CW conditions without sustaining any physical damage. C. hybrid demonstrated the longest roots and the highest volume, as well as greater height compared to other species. However, this did not affect the ion removal efficiency. In polyculture systems, 42.2 ± 8.8% of fluoride was removed, a result that was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the removal rates observed in monocultures of C. hybrid (42.5 ± 7.5%), H. coronarium (36.8 ± 7.0%), or A. purpurata (30.7 ± 7.9%). For chloride, a similar pattern emerged, with 32.4 ± 4.8% removed in constructed wetlands (CWs) using a polyculture of ornamental plants, a figure that was also not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the removal percentages in monocultures of C. hybrid (29.1 ± 5.3%), H. coronarium (28.1 ± 5.0%), or A. purpurata (32.0 ± 5.7%). Our results indicate that CWs with polyculture species contribute to pollutant removal at levels comparable to those found in monoculture systems. However, polyculture systems offer enhanced aesthetic appeal and biodiversity, incorporating various ornamental flowering plants. The use of this eco-technology for removing fluoride and chloride pollutants helps prevent river contamination and associated health issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Wetland Hydrology)
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16 pages, 2884 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Flow and Salinity in a Large Seasonally Managed Wetland Complex
by Stefanie Helmrich, Nigel W. T. Quinn, Marc W. Beutel and Peggy A. O’Day
Hydrology 2024, 11(8), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11080117 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 787
Abstract
Seasonally managed wetlands in the San Joaquin River (SJR) watershed in California provide important benefits to wildlife and humans but are threatened through anthropogenic activity. Wetlands in the SJR are subject to salinity regulation, which poses challenges for wetland management. Salinity management in [...] Read more.
Seasonally managed wetlands in the San Joaquin River (SJR) watershed in California provide important benefits to wildlife and humans but are threatened through anthropogenic activity. Wetlands in the SJR are subject to salinity regulation, which poses challenges for wetland management. Salinity management in the SJR basin is supported by a process-based model, the Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF). Wetlands are simulated with a “bathtub” analog where water levels are assumed to be the same over one model compartment and the storage volume depends on depth. The complexity and extent of hydrological features pose challenges for input data acquisition. Two approaches to estimating inflow and pond depth and determining water sources were assessed. Approach 1 used mostly monitored data, while Approach 2 used wetland manager knowledge. Approach 2 predicted outflow and salinity better than Approach 1, and an important benefit was the simulation of water reuse within the wetland complex, which was previously not implemented. Approach 1 is generally suited for estimating pond depth when a model compartment represents one wetland, while Approach 2 is suited for wetlands with large spatial extent, many hydrological features, and managed flows. The improved model will support wetland management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Wetland Hydrology)
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26 pages, 7537 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Phosphate and E. coli Attenuation in a Natural Wetland Receiving Drainage from an Urbanized Catchment
by Charles Humphrey, Jarrod Underwood, Guy Iverson, Randall Etheridge, Mike O’Driscoll and Avian White
Hydrology 2024, 11(6), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11060074 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 1228
Abstract
A natural wetland receiving drainage from a 24-ha urbanized catchment in the Falls Lake Watershed of North Carolina was evaluated to determine if it was providing ecosystem services with regards to phosphate and Escherichia coli (E. coli) attenuation. Inflow and outflow [...] Read more.
A natural wetland receiving drainage from a 24-ha urbanized catchment in the Falls Lake Watershed of North Carolina was evaluated to determine if it was providing ecosystem services with regards to phosphate and Escherichia coli (E. coli) attenuation. Inflow and outflow characteristics including nutrient and bacteria concentrations along with physicochemical properties (discharge, pH, oxidation reduction potential, temperature, and specific conductance) were assessed approximately monthly for over 2 years. The median exports of phosphate (0.03 mg/s) and E. coli (5807 MPN/s) leaving the wetland were 85% and 57% lower, respectively, relative to inflow loadings, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hydraulic head readings from three piezometers installed at different depths revealed the wetland was a recharge area. Phosphate and E. coli concentrations were significantly greater in the shallowest piezometer relative to the deepest one, suggesting treatment occurred during infiltration. However, severe erosion of the outlets is threatening the stability of the wetland. Upstream drainageway modifications were implemented to slow runoff, and septic system repairs and maintenance activities were implemented to improve water quality reaching the wetland and Lick Creek. However, more work will be needed to conserve the ecosystem services provided by the wetland. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Wetland Hydrology)
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