International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 370 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Did People with Prediabetes Who Attended the Diabetes Prevention Education Program (DiPEP) Experience Making Lifestyle Changes? A Qualitative Study in Nepal

by Pushpanjali Shakya, Monish Bajracharya, Eva Skovlund, Abha Shrestha, Biraj Man Karmacharya, Bård Eirik Kulseng, Abhijit Sen, Aslak Steinsbekk and Archana Shrestha

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 5054; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065054 - 13 Mar 2023

Viewed by 2530

Abstract

Diabetes can be prevented through lifestyle modification in the prediabetic phase. A group-based lifestyle intervention called ‘Diabetes Prevention Education Program’ (DiPEP) was tested recently in Nepal. The present study aimed to explore experiences of making lifestyle changes among people with prediabetes participating in [...] Read more.

Diabetes can be prevented through lifestyle modification in the prediabetic phase. A group-based lifestyle intervention called ‘Diabetes Prevention Education Program’ (DiPEP) was tested recently in Nepal. The present study aimed to explore experiences of making lifestyle changes among people with prediabetes participating in the DiPEP. This qualitative study, with semi-structured interviews of 20 participants, was conducted 4–7 months following DiPEP intervention. Data analysis was performed by thematic analysis. The results included four themes, understanding that diabetes could be prevented, lifestyle changes made, hurdles to overcome, and experiencing benefits leading to sustained change. Some participants said they felt relieved to know that they had a chance to prevent diabetes. The participants talked mostly about making changes in diet (reducing carbohydrate intake) and physical activity (starting exercises). Obstacles mentioned included a lack of motivation and a lack of family support to implement changes. Experiencing benefits such as weight loss and reduced blood sugar levels were reported to lead them to maintain the changes they had made. Understanding that diabetes could be prevented was a key motivator for implementing changes. The benefits and hurdles experienced by the participants of the present study can be taken into consideration while designing lifestyle intervention programs in similar settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

16 pages, 417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Drug Use among Persons Experiencing Homelessness According to Gender and Nationality

by Alícia Parés-Bayerri, Fran Calvo, Sílvia Font-Mayolas, Sonia Panadero and José Juan Vázquez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4007; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054007 - 23 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2452

Abstract

The main aims of this article are to update the data related to drug and alcohol use in persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) who use shelters, and to see if there are significant differences in their drug use depending on their gender and nationality. [...] Read more.

The main aims of this article are to update the data related to drug and alcohol use in persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) who use shelters, and to see if there are significant differences in their drug use depending on their gender and nationality. The article presents an analysis of the interconnections between the results of drug dependence detection tools (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS)) according to gender and nationality with the intention of identifying specific needs that lead to new lines of research into better approaches to homelessness. A cross-sectional, observational and analytical method was used to analyse the experiences of persons experiencing homelessness who use various shelters in the cities of Madrid, Girona, and Guadalajara (Spain). The results show that there are no gender differences in the risks of using drugs and drug addiction, but there are differences in terms of nationality for drug addiction, with Spanish nationals showing a greater tendency to develop drug addiction. These findings have significant implications, as they highlight socio-cultural and socio-educational influence as risk factors in drug addiction behaviours. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

14 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Endometrial Injury Upregulates Expression of Receptivity Genes in Women with Implantation Failure

by Onder Celik, Arzu Yurci, Aynur Ersahin, Nur D. Gungor, Nilufer Celik, Mustafa D. Ozcil, Serdar Dogan, Semih Dalkilic, Lutfiye Dalkilic, Ulun Ulug, Sudenaz Celik and Andrea Tinelli

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 3942; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053942 - 23 Feb 2023

Viewed by 2126

Abstract

Background: Homeobox genes A10 (HOXA10) and A11 (HOXA11), members of the abdominal B gene family, are responsible for embryonic survival and implantation. This study was planned to investigate whether endometrial injury alters the expression of both transcripts in women with implantation failure. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: Homeobox genes A10 (HOXA10) and A11 (HOXA11), members of the abdominal B gene family, are responsible for embryonic survival and implantation. This study was planned to investigate whether endometrial injury alters the expression of both transcripts in women with implantation failure. Methods: A total of 54 women with implantation failure were divided into two equal groups as experimental (scratching) and sham (no scratching). Participants in the scratching group were exposed to endometrial injury in the mid-luteal phase, and those in the sham group were exposed to endometrial flushing. The scratching group, but not the sham group, underwent prior endometrial sampling. A second endometrial sampling was performed on the scratching group in the mid-luteal phase of the following cycle. The mRNA and protein levels of the HOXA10 and 11 transcripts were determined in endometrial samples collected before and after injury/flushing. Participants in each group underwent IVF/ET in the cycle after the second endometrial sampling. Results: Endometrial injury caused a 60.1-fold (p < 0.01) increase in HOXA10 mRNA and a 9.0-fold increase in HOXA11 mRNA (p < 0.02). Injury resulted in a significant increase in both HOXA10 (p < 0.001) and HOXA11 protein expression (p < 0.003). There was no significant change in HOXA10 and 11 mRNA expressions after flushing. Clinical pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage rates of the both groups were similar. Conclusions: Endometrial injury increases homeobox transcript expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“You’ll Be Chased Away”: Sources, Experiences, and Effects of Violence and Stigma among Gay and Bisexual Men in Kenya

by Katherine A. Lewis, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, Jeffrey Walimbwa, Adedotun Ogunbajo, Juan C. Jauregui, Daniel Peter Onyango, Darius M. Moore, Gabriel Lee Johnson, Wilson Odero and Gary W. Harper

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2825; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042825 - 5 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2923

Abstract

Gay and bisexual men in Kenya face extreme socio-political stigma which manifests in widespread violence and discrimination across socio-ecological levels. We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 60 gay and bisexual men in western and central Kenya. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using an [...] Read more.

Gay and bisexual men in Kenya face extreme socio-political stigma which manifests in widespread violence and discrimination across socio-ecological levels. We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 60 gay and bisexual men in western and central Kenya. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using an inductive, phenomenological approach to qualitatively examine experiences of stigma and violence at the interpersonal and institutional levels. A total of seven primary themes and four sub-themes emerged from the data. At the interpersonal level, participants described stigma and violence from family, friends, and romantic/sexual partners with sub-themes for gay-baiting violence, blackmail, intimate partner violence, and commitment phobia. At the institutional level, participants described stigma and violence from religious, employment, educational, and healthcare institutions. This stigma and violence severely impacted the lives of participants including their mental health, physical health, sexual health, socioeconomic status, and ability to access health-promoting services. These data identify sources of stigma and describe how this stigma manifests in the everyday lives of gay and bisexual men in Kenya. Study findings and quotes from participants highlight the severity of violence, stigma, and discrimination faced by this community and emphasize the need for decriminalization of same-sex sexualities as well as interventions to support health and wellbeing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

14 pages, 1130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants and Projections of Minimum Acceptable Diet among Children Aged 6–23 Months: A National and Subnational Inequality Assessment in Bangladesh

by Md. Shafiur Rahman, Md. Rocky Khan Chowdhury, Md. Rashedul Islam, Sarah Krull Abe, Kamal Hossain, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Kenji J. Tsuchiya and Stuart Gilmour

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2010; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032010 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2292

Abstract

Subnational evidence on the level of inequality in receiving complementary feeding practice among Bangladeshi children is lacking. This study estimated inequality in the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months, and identified risk factors for and developed projections of the [...] Read more.

Subnational evidence on the level of inequality in receiving complementary feeding practice among Bangladeshi children is lacking. This study estimated inequality in the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months, and identified risk factors for and developed projections of the MAD up to 2030. Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 were used in this cross-sectional study. Regression-based slope (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were used to quantify the level of absolute and relative inequality, respectively. A Bayesian logistic regression model was used to identify the potential determinants of a MAD and project prevalence up to 2030. About 38% of children aged 6–23 months received a MAD. The national prevalence of a MAD was 26.0 percentage points higher among children from the richest compared to the poorest households, and 32.1 percentage points higher among children of higher-educated over illiterate mothers. Socioeconomic inequality was found to be the highest in the Chattogram division (SII: 43.9), while education-based inequality was highest in the Sylhet division (SII: 47.7). Maternal employment and the number of ANC visits were also identified as significant determinants of a MAD, and the prevalence of a MAD was projected to increase from 42.5% in 2020 to 67.9% in 2030. Approximately two out of five children received a MAD in Bangladesh and significant socioeconomic and education-based inequalities in the MAD were observed. Subnational variation in socioeconomic and education-based inequalities in the MAD requires further public health attention, and poverty reduction programs need to be strengthened. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Chewing Status and Fatty Liver Diagnosed by Liver/Spleen Attenuation Ratio: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Komei Iwai, Tetsuji Azuma, Takatoshi Yonenaga, Yasuyuki Sasai, Kazutoshi Watanabe, Fumiko Deguchi, Akihiro Obora, Takao Kojima and Takaaki Tomofuji

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010307 - 25 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1887

Abstract

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between chewing status and fatty liver among Japanese adults. Between April 2018 and March 2021, 450 individuals (352 males, 98 females; mean age 54.7 years) were recruited at the Asahi University Hospital Human Health Center. Chewing status [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between chewing status and fatty liver among Japanese adults. Between April 2018 and March 2021, 450 individuals (352 males, 98 females; mean age 54.7 years) were recruited at the Asahi University Hospital Human Health Center. Chewing status was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. Liver/spleen (L/S) attenuation ratio < 0.9 on computed tomography was considered to indicate fatty liver, which was present in 69 participants (15%). Compared with participants without fatty liver, those with fatty liver had higher proportion of 25.0 (kg/m²) ≤ body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), higher serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), higher diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) (p = 0.011). Significant differences were also found in chewing status (p < 0.001) and eating speed (p = 0.011). Presence of fatty liver was positively associated with BMI (25.0 ≤; odds ratio [OR], 5.048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.550–9.992), serum HbA1c (OR, 1.937; 95% CI, 1.280–2.930), and chewing status (poor; OR, 8.912; 95% CI, 4.421–17.966) after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, serum HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum HDL cholesterol, chewing status, and eating speed. Poor chewing status was positively associated with L/S attenuation ratio. These results indicate a positive relationship between poor chewing status and fatty liver diagnosed by L/S attenuation ratio in Japanese adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Oral Function and Support/Care-Need Certification in Japanese Older People Aged ≥ 75 Years: A Three-Year Cohort Study

by Komei Iwai, Tetsuji Azuma, Takatoshi Yonenaga, Taketsugu Nomura, Iwane Sugiura, Yujo Inagawa, Yusuke Matsumoto, Seiji Nakashima, Yoshikazu Abe and Takaaki Tomofuji

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16959; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416959 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1376

Abstract

The aim was to examine the relationships between oral functions and support/care-need certification in older people aged ≥ 75 years using the National Health Insurance (NHI) database system and data from Kani City, Gifu, Japan. In total, 732 older Japanese people aged ≥ [...] Read more.

The aim was to examine the relationships between oral functions and support/care-need certification in older people aged ≥ 75 years using the National Health Insurance (NHI) database system and data from Kani City, Gifu, Japan. In total, 732 older Japanese people aged ≥ 75 years who did not have support/care-need certification and underwent dental check-ups in Kani City in 2017 were followed up until 2020. Chewing state, tongue and lip function, and swallowing function were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire, an oral diadochokinesis test, and a repetitive saliva-swallowing test, respectively. The presence or absence of systemic diseases and of support/care-need certification was based on data collected by the NHI database. At follow up, 121 (17%) participants had support/care-need certification. The participants with support/care-need certification included more women (p < 0.001) and older people (p < 0.001); and had more hypertension (p = 0.003), musculoskeletal disorders (p < 0.001), pneumonia (p = 0.044), poor chewing state (p < 0.001), and poor swallowing function (p = 0.003) than those without support/care-need certification. Furthermore, the presence of support/care-need certification at follow up was associated with sex (woman: odds ratio [OR], 2.120; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.354 to 3.317), age (OR, 1.203; CI, 1.139 to 1.270), chewing state (poor: OR, 2.534; CI, 1.409 to 4.557), and swallowing function (poor: OR, 2.372; CI, 1.248 to 4.510) at baseline. However, tongue and lip function were not associated with support/care-need certification. The results indicate that older Japanese people aged ≥ 75 years with a poor chewing state and poor swallowing function at baseline had a higher risk for support/care-need certification after three years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Depreciation: Associations with Core Beliefs and Rumination

by Annunziata Romeo, Lorys Castelli, Georgia Zara and Marialaura Di Tella

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15938; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315938 - 29 Nov 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2505

Abstract

Background: The positive transformation (i.e., posttraumatic growth, PTG) that can emerge after the struggles associated with a stressful life event has been widely investigated. However, less attention has been paid to the negative posttraumatic changes (i.e., posttraumatic depreciation, PTD) that might occur after [...] Read more.

Background: The positive transformation (i.e., posttraumatic growth, PTG) that can emerge after the struggles associated with a stressful life event has been widely investigated. However, less attention has been paid to the negative posttraumatic changes (i.e., posttraumatic depreciation, PTD) that might occur after a traumatic experience. This study aimed to investigate the role of a series of psychological factors (e.g., disruption of core beliefs, rumination, and depressive symptoms) in predicting PTG and PTD, separately considered. Methods: To reach this goal, 601 participants who experienced different types of traumatic events were recruited. They were asked to indicate sociodemographic and trauma-related information and to complete self-report measures assessing PTG/PTD, core beliefs, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Results: The results of regression analyses showed that gender, age, time since the trauma, core beliefs, deliberate/intrusive rumination, and depressive symptoms were significant predictors of PTG. Conversely, core beliefs, intrusive rumination, and depressive symptoms were found to be positively related to PTD. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings highlight the role that different psychological factors may play in the manifestation of the PTG and/or PTD dimensions. From a clinical perspective, professionals should pay attention to these factors when a person struggles in coping with a highly stressful experience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

10 pages, 800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Side-Effects following Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Jagire Onyango, David Mukunya, Agnes Napyo, Ritah Nantale, Brian T. Makoko, Joseph K. B. Matovu, Benon Wanume, David Okia, Francis Okello, Sam Okware, Peter Olupot-Olupot and Yovani Lubaale

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15303; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215303 - 19 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2533

Abstract

Effective, safe and proven vaccines would be the most effective strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic but have faced rollout challenges partly due to fear of potential side-effects. We assessed the prevalence, profiles, and predictors of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine side-effects in Tororo district of Eastern [...] Read more.

Effective, safe and proven vaccines would be the most effective strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic but have faced rollout challenges partly due to fear of potential side-effects. We assessed the prevalence, profiles, and predictors of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine side-effects in Tororo district of Eastern Uganda. We conducted telephone interviews with 2204 participants between October 2021 and January 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors associated with Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine side-effects using Stata version 15.0. A total of 603/2204 (27.4%) of the participants experienced one or more side-effects (local, systemic, allergic, and other side-effects). Of these, 253/603 (42.0%) experienced local side-effects, 449/603 (74.5%) experienced systemic side-effects, 11/603 (1.8%) experienced allergic reactions, and 166/603 (27.5%) experienced other side-effects. Ten participants declined to receive the second dose because of side-effects they had experienced after the first dose. Previous infection with COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.7–7.0), being female (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.6) and being a security officer (AOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.6) were associated with side-effects to the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. We recommend campaigns to disseminate correct information about potential side-effects of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine and strengthen surveillance for adverse events following vaccination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Is the Value of a Global Health Research School for PhD Students?

by Elisabeth Darj, Irene Bisasso Hoem and Elin Yli Dvergsdal

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13361; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013361 - 16 Oct 2022

Viewed by 2252

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate previous PhD students’ views on the Norwegian Research School of Global Health and its activities. Of the research schools for PhD students, few focus on global health and even fewer have evaluated the students’ perspectives [...] Read more.

The aim of the study was to investigate previous PhD students’ views on the Norwegian Research School of Global Health and its activities. Of the research schools for PhD students, few focus on global health and even fewer have evaluated the students’ perspectives of the schools. In this study, a questionnaire including quantitative and qualitative questions were sent to alumni PhD students. Demographic status was investigated, along with the alumni’s views on activities offered at the research school, suggestions for improvement, views on his or her social life as a student and as a member of the school. A total of 60 alumni were contacted by email and invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. The response rate was 65%; 90% were in employment and a few were seeking employment. All research school activities were evaluated as useful. Content analysis of qualitative questions generated three categories of the alumni’s reflections on their involvement in the research school: valued activities, challenges, and future. The alumni expressed a wish for continued contact with the school. The findings indicated that a research school for PhD students with similar interests should be continued; although modifications should be considered, based on the specific challenges revealed in the evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

10 pages, 3767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Renaissance of the Vaginal Hysterectomy—A Due Act

by Michael Stark, Antonio Malvasi, Ospan Mynbaev and Andrea Tinelli

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11381; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811381 - 9 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4031

Abstract

For many years, vaginal and abdominal hysterectomies were part of the routine procedures in many departments. Both of them lost their priority due to the introduction of endoscopy and robotic surgery. The disappearing abdominal hysterectomy is certainly reasonable, but the decline of using [...] Read more.

For many years, vaginal and abdominal hysterectomies were part of the routine procedures in many departments. Both of them lost their priority due to the introduction of endoscopy and robotic surgery. The disappearing abdominal hysterectomy is certainly reasonable, but the decline of using vaginal hysterectomy seems not to be justified, and it is an optimal example of the recent emergence of the Natural Orifice Surgery discipline. A modified method for vaginal hysterectomy is presented in order to encourage gynecologists to reconsider vaginal hysterectomy as a valid method. This method is the outcome of critical analyses of different vaginal hysterectomy methods. It is simple, reasonable, only ten steps, easy to learn, perform and teach, and proven to be a shorter operation with minimal blood loss and reduced need for analgesics when compared to the traditional way. Endoscopy or robotic surgery is not available everywhere. Therefore, it is important that gynecologists in low-resource settings be familiar with this simple method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mental Health Challenges and the Associated Factors in Women Living with HIV Who Have Children Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

by Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Maria Silvia Merry, Lillian Mwanri, Karen Hawke and Paul Russell Ward

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6879; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116879 - 4 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are vulnerable to various mental health challenges. However, there is a paucity of studies globally and in the Indonesian context that have specifically explored mental health challenges among mothers living with HIV who also have children living with [...] Read more.

Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are vulnerable to various mental health challenges. However, there is a paucity of studies globally and in the Indonesian context that have specifically explored mental health challenges among mothers living with HIV who also have children living with HIV (CLHIV). This qualitative study explored mental health challenges and the associated factors in mothers living with HIV who have CLHIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In-depth interviews were employed to collect data from the participants (N = 23) who were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide the analysis of the findings. The findings showed that the mothers experienced a range of mental health issues due to their own, and their child’s diagnoses of stress, depression, anxiety, fear, sadness, and guilt. Lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of death, shame, not knowing whom to talk with and what to do after their own HIV diagnosis, and the HIV diagnosis of their children were factors that challenged their mental health. Difficulties in dealing with daily life or social activities of their CLHIV, dilemmas in addressing questions and complaints of their CLHIV about HIV treatment, and concerns about the health condition of their CLHIV and how their children cope with any potential negative social impacts also impacted the mothers’ mental health. Social factors such as unsympathetic expressions from friends towards them and their CLHIV and negatively worded religious-related advice from parents and relatives also contributed to their poor mental health. Our findings indicate the need for intervention programs that support mothers living with HIV and their CLHIV. Future large-scale studies involving mothers living with HIV who have CLHIV in Indonesia and other settings globally are needed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of mental health challenges and the associated factors they face. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

10 pages, 521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Thyroid Cancer and Weight Change: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

by Young Ju Jin, Jeong Hun Hah, Mi Jung Kwon, Ji Hee Kim, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Kyun Kim, Bumjung Park and Hyo Geun Choi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6753; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116753 - 31 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1932

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between Korean adults who underwent thyroidectomy and comparison groups. Methods: Data were included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between Korean adults who underwent thyroidectomy and comparison groups. Methods: Data were included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (2002–2015). BMI and SBP/DBP were measured before thyroidectomy, 1 and 2 years after thyroidectomy (n = 1995 in study I, n = 2162 in study II), comparing 1:4 matched participants (n = 7980 in study I, n = 8648 in study II). The paired t-test and linear mixed model were used to identify the differences between groups. Results: DBP in both thyroid cancer II and comparison II group were significantly lower after thyroidectomy than before thyroidectomy. However, the interaction effect of thyroidectomy in study I and study II did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: BMI, SBP and DBP were not significantly different between the thyroidectomy group and the matched comparison group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mental Health and Addiction Services Exclusive to LGBTQ2S+ during COVID-19: An Environmental Scan

by Michael Chaiton, Rebecca Billington, Ilana Copeland, Luc Grey and Alex Abramovich

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5919; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105919 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3353

Abstract

Background: Youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, 2-spirit, and of other identities (LGBTQ2S+) experience mental health disparities and higher rates of substance use when compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers and yet also experience more barriers to access to services. [...] Read more.

Background: Youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, 2-spirit, and of other identities (LGBTQ2S+) experience mental health disparities and higher rates of substance use when compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers and yet also experience more barriers to access to services. The purpose of this paper is to determine the types of mental health and substance use programs and services exclusive to LGBTQ2S+ youth in Ontario during the pandemic. Methods: An environmental scan was conducted to identify existing programs and services in Ontario, Canada that offered exclusive mental health and addiction services to LGBTQ2S+ individuals aged 16–29, either by offering services to all or subgroups within the population. Organizations, services and programs were classified by the geographical distribution of services, populations served, types of programming or services, methods of service delivery, and program criteria. Results: In total, 113 organizations and 240 programs and services were identified as providing mental health and substance use services exclusively to LGBTQ2S+ youth. Identified adaptations for the COVID-19 pandemic included cancelling in-person services, increasing online and telephone services, and expansion to province wide from local availability. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of offering services that provide culturally inclusive care for LGBTQ2S+ youth, and these results can also be used by policy makers to inform policies. In particular, there was a lack of culturally relevant clinical services for youth requiring a greater intensity of treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version

by Marialaura Di Tella, Annunziata Romeo, Georgia Zara, Lorys Castelli and Michele Settanni

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5282; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095282 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3800

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-V (PCL-5) in a group of adults who had experienced heterogenous traumatic events. Methods: Six hundred and one participants met the inclusion criteria [...] Read more.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-V (PCL-5) in a group of adults who had experienced heterogenous traumatic events. Methods: Six hundred and one participants met the inclusion criteria and completed a set of questionnaires through an online survey. Before administering the survey, the PCL-5 was translated into Italian according to the back-translation method. The factorial structure of the PCL-5 was assessed through multiple confirmatory factor analyses. Gender measurement invariance and concurrent and criterion validity were also evaluated. Results: The instrument had a seven-factor structure and it worked in a similar manner for males and females. With regard to the concurrent validity, results showed that higher PCL-5 scores were associated with higher levels of depression and rumination and lower levels of life satisfaction. Regarding criterion validity, results revealed that PCL-5 scores were, on average, higher for females than for males, and the temporal distance from the traumatic event was negatively correlated with the total PCL-5 score. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the Italian version of the PCL-5 was able to provide valid and reliable scores for the assessment of PTSD symptoms in the Italian population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

15 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moving from Needs Assessment to Intervention: Fathers’ Perspectives on Their Needs and Support for Talk with Teens about Sex

by Jennifer M. Grossman, Amanda M. Richer, Belinda F. Hernandez and Christine M. Markham

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063315 - 11 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2750

Abstract

Talk with fathers about sex and relationships can support teens’ health, but its impact is limited as few fathers talk with their teens about sexual issues. Needs assessment and fathers’ input on intervention content and structure can guide the development of programs that [...] Read more.

Talk with fathers about sex and relationships can support teens’ health, but its impact is limited as few fathers talk with their teens about sexual issues. Needs assessment and fathers’ input on intervention content and structure can guide the development of programs that support fathers’ health-promoting talk with their teen children about sex and relationships. In the present study, we explored fathers’ goals in their talk with teens about sex and relationships and barriers they perceive to these conversations, as well as what they would look for in an intervention program. Content analysis was conducted using interviews in the U.S. with 43 fathers of high school-aged teens (age 14–18). Themes explored fathers’ roles in talk with teens, key messages to teens, and approaches and barriers to conversations, in addition to attitudes toward an intervention, and feedback on intervention structure, content, and process. The findings suggest that fathers see talk with teens about sex as part of their roles, but face challenges in accomplishing this goal. Fathers’ feedback highlights their openness to an intervention and can guide the development of a peer-based and interactive program that addresses how to talk with teens about sex in addition to the content of these conversations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

14 pages, 372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increased Odds for Depression and Antidepressant Use in the Inactive Spanish Population

by Carmen Galán-Arroyo, Damián Pereira-Payo, Jorge Rojo-Ramos, Miguel A. Hernández-Mocholí, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Ángel Denche-Zamorano and Jose Carmelo Adsuar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052829 - 28 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2115

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is a disabling mental illness and therefore also a serious public health problem. It affects 5% of the adult population in the world and is the leading cause of disability, with an annual cost of USD one trillion. In Spain, its [...] Read more.

Introduction: Depression is a disabling mental illness and therefore also a serious public health problem. It affects 5% of the adult population in the world and is the leading cause of disability, with an annual cost of USD one trillion. In Spain, its prevalence is 13.4%, costing EUR 6000 million a year. Physical inactivity has been linked to an increase in depressive symptoms, with physical activity associated with an improvement in health-related quality of life. Objective: To calculate the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) of suffering from depression and taking antidepressants in the inactive Spanish population compared to groups with a higher level of physical activity. Method: 17,141 individuals aged 18–69 years residing in Spain and interviewed in the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey were included in this cross-sectional investigation. Results: Dependence relationships were found between the level of physical activity and the prevalence of depression and taking antidepressants (p < 0.001). We found elevated ORs and RRs for depression and antidepressant use in inactive people compared to those with a high/very high level of physical activity (Depression: OR: 4.32. CI95%: 3.35–5.57. RR: 1.59. 95% CI: 1.51–1.68; Antidepressants: OR: 4.95. CI95%: 3.59–6.82. RR: 1.61. CI95%: 1.52–1.71). Conclusions: Belonging to an inactive population group increases the risk of suffering from depression and of taking antidepressants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

10 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population

by Chie Omichi, Hiroshi Kadotani, Yukiyoshi Sumi, Ayaka Ubara, Kohei Nishikawa, Arichika Matsuda, Yuji Ozeki and the NinJaSleep Study Group

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042112 - 13 Feb 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3969

Abstract

Background: Examining the relationship between sleep and depression may be important for understanding the aetiology of affective disorders. Most studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) to objectively assess sleep have been conducted using polysomnography in the laboratory. Impaired sleep continuity, including prolonged sleep latency [...] Read more.

Background: Examining the relationship between sleep and depression may be important for understanding the aetiology of affective disorders. Most studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) to objectively assess sleep have been conducted using polysomnography in the laboratory. Impaired sleep continuity, including prolonged sleep latency and changes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, have been reported to be associated with depression in clinical settings. Here, we aimed to use home EEG to analyse the association between sleep and depressive symptoms. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a large Japanese working population to identify the EEG parameters associated with depressive symptoms based on the results of a questionnaire survey and home EEG measurements using 1-channel (1-Ch) EEG. Results: The study included 650 Japanese patients (41.2% male, 44.7 ± 11.5 years) who underwent home EEG monitoring along with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) were associated with sleep latency (odds ratio (OR) 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.04) and REM latency (OR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). Conclusions: Our results suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with prolonged sleep latency and reduced REM latency in a Japanese working population. The 1-Ch EEG may be a useful tool to monitor sleep and screen depression/depressive symptoms in non-clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

17 pages, 543 KiB

Open AccessReview

How Can Sport-Based Interventions Improve Health among Women and Girls? A Scoping Review

by Maja Pedersen and Abby C. King

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 4818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064818 - 9 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4222

Abstract

Sport has been identified by the World Health Organization as an underutilized yet important contributor to global physical activity, by UNESCO as a fundamental right, and by the United Nations as a promising driver for gender equity through improved long-term health of women [...] Read more.

Sport has been identified by the World Health Organization as an underutilized yet important contributor to global physical activity, by UNESCO as a fundamental right, and by the United Nations as a promising driver for gender equity through improved long-term health of women and girls. Although sport-based interventions have been popularized to advance educational, social, and political development globally, little attention has been given to its impacts on health outcomes among women and girls. We undertook a scoping review of research on sport-based interventions for health among women and girls to summarize current research approaches and findings. PRISMA scoping review guidelines were observed. Online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were used to identify peer-reviewed records published through August 2022. The interventions identified (n = 4) targeted health outcomes such as gender-based violence, HIV prevention, reproductive health, and child marriage. Based on our review, we recommend four key opportunities to advance the field of sport-based interventions in addressing health equity among women and girls. In addition, we highlight promising future research directions to broaden sport engagement of women and girls, improve long-term health, and build capacity toward health equity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 643 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Polydrug Definition and Assessment: The State of the Art

by Sílvia Font-Mayolas and Fran Calvo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13542; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013542 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2629

Abstract

Polydrug use is a very common phenomenon and represents an important public health problem. The definition of the term has varied since its inception, and consequently so have forms of self-report evaluation. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of [...] Read more.

Polydrug use is a very common phenomenon and represents an important public health problem. The definition of the term has varied since its inception, and consequently so have forms of self-report evaluation. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of how the concept has evolved and its forms of evaluation through self-reporting. A search of the term polydrug was conducted on the PubMed portal up to August 2022, with a total of 2076 publications detected containing the word polydrug in their title, abstract or keywords. This includes publications that represent an advance in the definition and assessment of this construct through self-reports, which may be useful for researchers carrying out future studies in the field. The importance of distinguishing between concurrent and simultaneous polydrug use and the need to employ comparable measures in parameters for the frequency, magnitude and combination of psychoactive substances involved in polydrug use are two of the main recommendations emerging from this review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessReview

Identifying Health Equity Factors That Influence the Public’s Perception of COVID-19 Health Information and Recommendations: A Scoping Review

by Shahab Sayfi, Ibrahim Alayche, Olivia Magwood, Margaret Gassanov, Ashley Motilall, Omar Dewidar, Nicole Detambel, Micayla Matthews, Rukhsana Ahmed, Holger J. Schünemann and Kevin Pottie

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12073; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912073 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3088

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global public health and public trust in health recommendations. Trust in health information may waver in the context of health inequities. The objective of this scoping review is to map evidence on public perceptions of COVID-19 prevention information [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global public health and public trust in health recommendations. Trust in health information may waver in the context of health inequities. The objective of this scoping review is to map evidence on public perceptions of COVID-19 prevention information using the PROGRESS-Plus health equity framework. We systematically searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, and Embase databases from January 2020 to July 2021. We identified 792 citations and 31 studies published in 15 countries that met all inclusion criteria. The majority (30/31; 96.7%) of the studies used an observational design (74.2% cross-sectional, 16.1% cohort, 6.5% case study, 3.2% experimental trials). Most studies (61.3%) reported on perception, understanding, and uptake, and 35.5% reported on engagement, compliance, and adherence to COVID-19 measures. The most frequently reported sources of COVID-related information were social media, TV, news (newspapers/news websites), and government sources. We identified five important equity factors related to public trust and uptake of recommendations: education and health literacy (19 studies; 61.3%), gender (15 studies; 48.4%), age (15 studies; 48.4%), socioeconomic status (11 studies; 35.5%), and place of residence (10 studies; 32.3%). Our review suggests that equity factors play a role in public perception of COVID-19 information and recommendations. A future systematic review could be conducted to estimate the impact of equity factors on perception and behavior outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3077 KiB

Open AccessReview

Update on COVID-19 and Effectiveness of a Vaccination Campaign in a Global Context

by Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Andrea Ballini, Roberto Lovero, Francesca Castellaneta, Marica Colella, Salvatore Scacco, Stefania Cantore, Roberto Arrigoni, Filiberto Mastrangelo and Mario Dioguardi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710712 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2227

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant issue for global health, the economy, and society. When SARS-CoV-2 began to spread, the most recent serious infectious disease of this century around the world, with its high morbidity and mortality rates, it is [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant issue for global health, the economy, and society. When SARS-CoV-2 began to spread, the most recent serious infectious disease of this century around the world, with its high morbidity and mortality rates, it is understandable why such infections have generally been spread in the past, mainly from international travel movements. This perspective review aimed to provide an update for clinicians on the recent developments related to the microbiological perspectives in pandemics, diagnostics, prevention (such as the spread of a virus), vaccination campaigns, treatment options, and health consequences for COVID-19 based on the current literature. In this way, the authors attempt to raise awareness on the transversal nature of these challenges by identifying the main risk/vulnerability factors that the scientific community must face including our current knowledge on the virus capacity of the mechanism of entry into the cells, the current classifications of viral variants, the knowledge of the mathematical model on the spread of viruses (the possible routes of transmission), and the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns in a global context of pandemic, particularly from COVID-19, with a look at new or future vaccines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 579 KiB

Open AccessReview

Histological and Biological Response to Different Types of Biomaterials: A Narrative Single Research Center Experience over Three Decades

by Margherita Tumedei, Eitan Mijiritsky, Carlos Fernando Mourão, Adriano Piattelli, Marco Degidi, Carlo Mangano and Giovanna Iezzi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7942; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137942 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2080

Abstract

Background: In more than three decades of work of the Retrieval Bank of the Laboratory for Undemineralized Hard Tissue Histology of the University of Chieti-Pescara in Italy, many types of biomaterials were received and evaluated. The present retrospective review aimed to evaluate the [...] Read more.

Background: In more than three decades of work of the Retrieval Bank of the Laboratory for Undemineralized Hard Tissue Histology of the University of Chieti-Pescara in Italy, many types of biomaterials were received and evaluated. The present retrospective review aimed to evaluate the histological and biological aspects of the evaluated bone substitute biomaterials. Methods: In the present study, the authors prepared a retrospective analysis after the screening of some databases (PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE) to find papers published from the Retrieval Bank of the Laboratory for Undermineralized Hard Tissue Histology of the University of Chieti-Pescara analyzing only the papers dealing with bone substitute biomaterials and scaffolds, in the form of granules and block grafts, for bone regeneration procedures. Results: Fifty-two articles were found, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of different biomaterials. These articles were evaluated and organized in tables for a better understanding. Conclusions: Over three decades of studies have made it possible to assess the quality of many bone substitute biomaterials, helping to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of the biomaterials used in daily clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1285 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Effectiveness of Behavioral Interventions in Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder during Clinical Rehabilitation: A Rapid Review

by Francesca Gimigliano, Vanessa M. Young, Chiara Arienti, Silvia Bargeri, Greta Castellini, Silvia Gianola, Stefano G. Lazzarini, Antimo Moretti, Allen W. Heinemann and Stefano Negrini

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7514; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127514 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3372

Abstract

Background: This review examined the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by physical injury or medical trauma. It discusses implications in support of rehabilitation management for COVID-19 survivors diagnosed with PTSD. Methods: This study adhered to the [...] Read more.

Background: This review examined the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by physical injury or medical trauma. It discusses implications in support of rehabilitation management for COVID-19 survivors diagnosed with PTSD. Methods: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Interim Guidance from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. The authors searched for randomized control trials in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to 31 March 2021. Results: Five studies (n = 459) met the inclusion criteria. Each study measured a different comparison of interventions. The certainty of the evidence was judged to be very low for all outcomes. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom reduction was found to be in favor of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive function improvements were observed in favor of the cognitive processing therapy control intervention. Conclusions: Overall, there is uncertainty about whether behavioral interventions are effective in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving functioning and quality of life when the disorder is triggered by a physical or medical trauma rather than a psychological trauma. Further research should investigate their efficacy in the context of rehabilitation management and gather evidence on this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (24 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI