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Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Health: Population-Based Insights
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Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Health: Population-Based Insights

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 8189

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yunquan Zhang

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Guest Editor
School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Interests: air pollution; climate change; environmental epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhiming Yang

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2. Institute of Low Carbon Operations Strategy for Beijing Enterprises, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: air pollution; climate change; environmental economy; environmental governance; burden of disease; health cost; environmental health; population-based cohort study
Dr. Yao Yao

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
2. Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: aging; longevity; chronic conditions; cognitive disorders; air pollution; environmental health; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air pollution is one of the leading modifiable risk factors of cardiorespiratory health worldwide. Despite the lack of large-scale evidence from low- and middle-income countries, a variety of cardiorespiratory outcomes (morbidity, mortality and biomarkers) have been widely associated with short- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5, ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) pollution in recent decades. To date, however, the potentially differential effects of smaller particles, including submicron particulate matter (PM1, ≤1 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and ultrafine particles (UFPs, ≤100 nm in aerodynamic diameter), remain largely unstudied in both low- and high-exposure scenarios. In addition, high-quality cohort evidence on particulate matter constituents (e.g., black carbon) and other major gaseous air pollutants (e.g., nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)) is still substantially sparse. In the Special Issue “Impacts of Air Pollution on Cardiorespiratory Health”, we aim to present a collection of original articles or reviews on cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomes associated with outdoor and household air pollution. We would like to assign high priority to publishing population-based cohort investigations, panel research, and case-crossover studies with fine exposure assessments and spatiotemporal assessments (e.g., global, regional and national) pertaining to the burden of cardiovascular or/and respiratory diseases attributable to air pollution.

Dr. Yunquan Zhang
Dr. Zhiming Yang
Dr. Yao Yao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • air pollution
  • particulate matter
  • nitrogen dioxide
  • ozone
  • cardiovascular health
  • respiratory health
  • cohort study
  • panel study
  • case-crossover study
  • burden of disease

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 985 KiB  
Article
Association between Short-Term Exposure to Ozone and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Zhiqiang Zong, Mengyue Zhang, Kexin Xu, Yunquan Zhang and Chengyang Hu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811186 - 6 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2172
Abstract
At present, ambient air pollution poses a significant threat to patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, and it is related to air pollution and cardiovascular disease. There is, however, considerable [...] Read more.
At present, ambient air pollution poses a significant threat to patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, and it is related to air pollution and cardiovascular disease. There is, however, considerable disagreement in the literature regarding the association between ozone (O3) and HRV. To further investigate the effects of short-term exposure to O3 on HRV, we conducted the first meta-analysis of relevant studies. The percentage change of HRV indicator(s) is the effect estimate extracted for the quantitative analysis in this study. In our meta-analysis, per 10 ppb increase in O3 was significantly associated with decreases in the time-domain measurements, for standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) interval (SDNN) −1.11% (95%CI: −1.35%, −0.87%) and for root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) −3.26% (95%CI: −5.42%, −1.09%); in the frequency-domain measurements, for high frequency (HF) −3.01% (95%CI: −4.66%, −1.35%) and for low frequency (LF) −2.14% (95%CI: −3.83%, −0.45%). This study showed short-term exposure to O3 was associated with reduced HRV indicators in adults, which suggested that the cardiac autonomic nervous system might be affected after O3 exposure, contributing to the association between O3 exposure and CVD risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Health: Population-Based Insights)
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19 pages, 3592 KiB  
Article
Hourly Seamless Surface O3 Estimates by Integrating the Chemical Transport and Machine Learning Models in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
by Wenhao Xue, Jing Zhang, Xiaomin Hu, Zhe Yang and Jing Wei
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8511; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148511 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is an important atmospheric trace gas, posing an enormous threat to ecological security and human health. Currently, the core objective of air pollution control in China is to realize the joint treatment of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 [...] Read more.
Surface ozone (O3) is an important atmospheric trace gas, posing an enormous threat to ecological security and human health. Currently, the core objective of air pollution control in China is to realize the joint treatment of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and O3. However, high-accuracy near-surface O3 maps remain lacking. Therefore, we established a new model to determine the full-coverage hourly O3 concentration with the WRF-Chem and random forest (RF) models combined with anthropogenic emission data and meteorological datasets. Based on this method, choosing the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in 2018 as an example, full-coverage hourly O3 maps were generated at a horizontal resolution of 9 km. The performance evaluation results indicated that the new model is reliable with a sample (station)-based 10-fold cross-validation (10-CV) R2 value of 0.94 (0.90) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 14.58 (19.18) µg m−3. In addition, the estimated O3 concentration is accurately determined at varying temporal scales with sample-based 10-CV R2 values of 0.96, 0.98 and 0.98 at the daily, monthly, and seasonal scales, respectively, which is highly superior to traditional derivation algorithms and other techniques in previous studies. An initial increase and subsequent decrease, which constitute the diurnal variation in the O3 concentration associated with temperature and solar radiation variations, were captured. The highest concentration reached approximately 112.73 ± 9.65 μg m−3 at 15:00 local time (1500 LT) in the BTH region. Summertime O3 posed a high pollution risk across the whole BTH region, especially in southern cities, and the pollution duration accounted for more than 50% of the summer season. Additionally, 43 and two days exhibited light and moderate O3 pollution, respectively, across the BTH region in 2018. Overall, the new method can be beneficial for near-surface O3 estimation with a high spatiotemporal resolution, which can be valuable for research in related fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Health: Population-Based Insights)
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16 pages, 1917 KiB  
Article
The Association between Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Xue Wang, Ang Li and Qun Xu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7605; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137605 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2364
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the evidence on the association between PAHs and diabetes was systematically reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting the association between PAHs and [...] Read more.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the evidence on the association between PAHs and diabetes was systematically reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting the association between PAHs and diabetes. Of the 698 articles identified through the search, nine cross-sectional studies were included. Seven were conducted in the general population and two in coke oven workers. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to calculate the total effect. Subgroup analysis was further carried out according to the types of PAH metabolites. The results showed that the odds of diabetes were significantly higher for the highest category of urinary naphthalene (NAP), fluorine (FLU), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total mono-hydroxylated (OH-PAH) metabolites compared to the lowest category. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.52 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.94), 1.53 (95%CI: 1.36, 1.71), 1.43 (95%CI: 1.28, 1.60), and 1.49 (95%CI: 1.07, 2.08), respectively. In coke oven workers, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPh) was significantly correlated with an increased risk of diabetes. Exposure measurements, outcome definitions, and adjustment for confounders were heterogeneous between studies. The results of the current study demonstrate a potentially adverse effect of PAHs on diabetes. Further mechanistic studies and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether PAH metabolite levels are causative, and hence associative, with increased diabetes incidences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Health: Population-Based Insights)
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