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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 27175

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dorota Kaleta

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Guest Editor

Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
Interests: tobacco consumption monitoring and determinants; preventive measures and the promotion of tobacco-free lifestyles; smoking cessation; smoke-free legislation; policies aimed at preventing chronic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Joanna Jurewicz

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
2. Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
Interests: occupational and environmental health issues; health promotion; risk assessment of health effects of selected exposures; reproductive health; exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tobacco in any form kills millions of people every year. Cigarette smoking causes 8 million deaths worldwide every year, of which 7 million related to active smoking and 1.2 million to passive smoking. In recent years, alternative forms of nicotine delivery, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco, have gained popularity, especially among young adults. It is estimated that 2% of EU citizens regularly use e-cigarettes.

The purpose of these alternatives is to minimize smokers’ exposure to hazardous substances present in cigarette smoke and reduce the likelihood of developing tobacco-related diseases. Due to the aggressive marketing activities of the tobacco industry, the number of people, especially young people (18–30 years old) using different nicotine products grow rapidly. However, studies assessing the use of nicotine products and potential health effects are rare. Additionally, in the COVID-19 pandemic, questions have arisen about clinical outcomes for smokers and whether they are equally susceptible to infections and if the nicotine has any biological effect on the SAR-CoV-2 virus.

For this Special Issue, we invite the submission of papers focused on the health effects of exposure the alternative tobacco products, product use, and changes over time; characteristics associated with tobacco product use, and particularly use among special populations. This Special Issue aims to present the impact of interventions or policies on the use of tobacco and tobacco alternatives, but also tactics of advertising and promotion of nicotine-containing products, genetic determinants, and addiction therapy failures, especially the progress of research in these fields. This Special Issue is open to studies on coronavirus among smokers and the effect of nicotine on symptomatic COVID-19.

We encourage a variety of work including but not limited to observational and interventional studies, systematic reviews, policy practices, and treatment methods. Disclaimer: We will not accept research funded in part or full by any tobacco companies in this Special Issue. For more details, please check: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2831/htm.

Prof. Dr. Dorota Kaleta
Prof. Dr. Joanna Jurewicz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

health effects of exposure to tobacco products
alternative tobacco products
tobacco regulations, policy, and control
coronavirus and smoking
genetic determinants
nicotine therapy
epidemiology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

11 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Personality Traits and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Use of E-Cigarettes, Waterpipe and Conventional Cigarettes among Medical University Students

by Yap Yew Shen, Nurul Hanis Ramzi and Divya Gopinath

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127000 - 8 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2295

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of smokers in a private medical university in Malaysia and to examine whether there is an association between personality traits and various smoking types. There were 468 participants in this study and the mean age was 20.97 years (±2.743). The prevalence of conventical cigarette users, e-cigarette users, and water pipe users was 4.7%, 6.4%, and 4.0%, respectively. Parents’ annual income (p = 0.001) and ethnicity (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the current smoker group. Binary logistic regression modelling revealed that study participants with either Malay (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.73, 10.34) or Chinese (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.98, 8.73) ethnicity were approximately four times more likely to use tobacco products compared with study participants with Indian and Other ethnicities. Lower parents’ annual income was almost four times more likely to be associated with smoking behaviour (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.58, 9.27). Significant differences in mean personality traits score of Openness (p = 0.018) and Extraversion (p = 0.004) were observed between never-smoker and current smoker study participants. In addition, cigarette users scored higher in Conscientiousness personality traits compared with non-cigarette whereas e-cigarette users and waterpipe users scored lower in Extraversion (p = 0.02). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the never-smoker group scored higher in Extraversion compared with the dual tobacco user group (p = 0.03). In addition, the single tobacco user group scored higher in Agreeableness personality trait compared with the never-smoker group (p = 0.01). Deeper understanding of the different cognitive dimensions, ethnicities, and educational backgrounds can potentially impact smoking prevention and cessation programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Nicotine Use)

14 pages, 2152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serotonin Receptor HTR3A Gene Polymorphisms rs1985242 and rs1062613, E-Cigarette Use and Personality

by Aleksandra Suchanecka, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Grzegorz Trybek, Aleksandra Jaroń, Wojciech Czarny, Paweł Król, Jolanta Masiak and Anna Grzywacz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4746; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084746 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4124

Abstract

We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence is a result of many factors, including genetics and personality. In this study we analyzed two polymorphisms—rs1985242 and rs1062613—in the serotonin receptor HTR3A gene in a group of e-cigarette users (n = 135) and controls (n = 106). Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The comparison of e-cigarette users with the control group indicates that the former showed significantly higher scores on the neuroticism scale and lower scores on the scales of extraversion and conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI. Homozygote variants of rs1985242 were more frequent in the study group. The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA for e-cigarette users and the control group as well as interaction between the HTR3A rs1985242 variants were found for the NEO-FFI conscientiousness scale. These results allow us to conclude that the combination of psychological factors and genetic data creates a possibility for making more complete models of substance use disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Nicotine Use)

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9 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco

by Elisabet Söderström, Torbjörn K. Nilsson, Jörn Schneede, Per-Magne Ueland, Øivind Midttun, Björn Gylling, Ingegerd Johansson and Johan Hultdin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11365; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111365 - 29 Oct 2021

Viewed by 2045

Abstract

Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk marker, and smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is unclear if the effect of smoked tobacco on homocysteine is mediated by nicotine or other combustion products in smoked tobacco. Snus (moist smokeless tobacco) is high nicotine-containing tobacco, and little is known about the effect of snus on plasma homocysteine. Therefore, we studied, in a cross-section of subjects (n = 1375) from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, with strictly defined current smokers (n = 194) and snus users (n = 47), the impact of tobacco exposure on tHcy, assessed by self-reported tobacco habits and plasma cotinine concentrations. The snus users had higher cotinine concentrations than the smokers. Cotinine, creatinine, methylmalonic acid, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype (MTHFR) T allele were positively associated with tHcy among the smokers, but not among the snus users. No association was observed between tHcy and the number of cigarettes/day. There was a positive association between cotinine and tHcy in the smokers, but not among the snus users. This indicates that substances other than nicotine in tobacco smoke could be responsible for the differential effects on homocysteine status. Self-reported smoking should be complemented by a cotinine assay whenever possible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Nicotine Use)

Review

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18 pages, 374 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exposure to Heated Tobacco Products and Adverse Health Effects, a Systematic Review

by Małgorzata Znyk, Joanna Jurewicz and Dorota Kaleta

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(12), 6651; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126651 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 93 | Viewed by 15315

Abstract

Heated tobacco products (HTP) are a form of nicotine delivery intended to be an alternative to traditional cigarettes. HTP tobacco products are sold to consumers as a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes, both for users and bystanders. The actual impact of HTP on the health of users and its overall impact on public health is still not fully known. A systematic search of the literature was carried out to identify relevant studies published in English from 2015 to February 2021. The following databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier and ClinicalKey. 25 studies (independent and sponsored by the tobacco industry) were considered. The analysis of exposure biomarkers and cardiovascular and respiratory biomarkers showed differences between smokers and people using heated tobacco products. Improvements in clinically relevant risk markers, especially cholesterol, sICAM-1, 8-epi-PGF2α, 11-DTX-B2, HDL and FEV1, were observed compared to persistent cigarette smokers. On the other hand, exposure to IQOS has been reported to alter mitochondrial function, which may further exaggerate airway inflammation, airway remodeling and lung cancer. These products have the potential to increase oxidative stress and increase respiratory tract infections by increasing microbial adherence to the respiratory tract. Our review suggests that HTP products may be products with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and cancer compared to traditional smoking, although in the case of non-smokers so far, they may pose a risk of their occurrence. Research seems to be necessary to assess the frequency of HTP use and its potential negative health effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Nicotine Use)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

8 pages, 3194 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

by Shao-Yu Sung, Yo-Chen Chang, Horng-Jiun Wu and Hung-Chi Lai

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8072; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138072 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2329

Abstract

Ischemic retinopathy characterized by neovascularization could result from several diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. However, ocular ischemic conditions caused by polycythemia have rarely been described. We report the first case of polycythemia-related proliferative ischemic retinopathy in a 41-year-old male heavy smoker who had ocular ischemic condition due to secondary polycythemia. He had sudden loss of vision in his right eye vision with vitreous hemorrhage and a tortuous retinal artery. Tracing back to his history, he was a heavy smoker with more than one pack of cigarettes per day for more than 30 years. Laboratory data revealed elevated levels of hemoglobin (17.7 g/dL) and hematocrit (51.6%) without other abnormal findings. We performed retinal photocoagulation on the neovascular areas and the fibrous membrane. Additionally, the patient was advised to quit smoking. Owing to adherence to this treatment, the patient’s vision gradually recovered. Although rare, polycythemia can cause retinal ischemic events and should be considered as a sight-threatening disease. Photocoagulation is effective on the regression of the neovascular lesion. Most importantly, changes in lifestyle together with smoking cessation are effective in managing secondary polycythemia. In conclusion, prevention and cessation of tobacco consumption helps improve vision health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Nicotine Use)

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